Age-related expectations
Count repeated groups of
the same size (2s / 10s)
YR
Rapid Recall
Recording
Multiplication
Pictures / Objects
Symbols
3 plates, 2 cakes on each plate:
3 plates, 2 cakes on each plate:
Counting on in 10s and
2s
Mental calculation
(see recording)
Concrete materials
ref Overview of learning 5
Number track – repeated addition
Unifix/Counters
Pictures / Symbols
Y1
Resources
Solve (practical)
problems that involve
combining groups of 2, 5
or 10
Number tracks / Number line
(modelled using bead strings)
There are three sweets in one bag.
How many sweets are there in five bags?
Count on / back in 2s, 5s
and 10s
2 x 3 or 3 x 2
[two, three times] or [three groups of two]
0
Pictures / Symbols
Multiplication as repeated
addition and arrays
2
There are four apples in
each box.
How many apples in six
boxes
5 x 3 or 3 x 5
Y2
0
4
2
Repeated addition
3
6
9
Arrays
Numicon
6
4
12
Bead string
Doubles of numbers to
10, by x 2
3x2=6
2x3=6
NB. Grid wallpaper can
be a powerful resource.
(see recording)
Empty number line
Arrays
Count in 2s, 5s and 10s
Multiples of 2, 5 & 10
Relate to x facts (and
related  facts)
5 x 3 or 3 x 5
Doubles of TU numbers,
by x 2
Dienes
Doubles of numbers to
20
15
Place value cards
0
5
10
15
[ref Multiplication facts ITP]
Arrays
Expanded grid method
Compact grid method
13 x 4
13 x 4
13 x 4
Recall 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
10 times tables
(Related division facts)
TU x U
(eg 13 x 4)
Y3
40
10 x 4 = 40
3 x 4 = 12
12
Link to divisibility and
multiples
Expanded vertical
Recall facts to 10 x 10
43 x 6
Y4
43
x 6
X
40
3
6
240
18
18
240
Multiples of numbers to
10 up to the 10th multiple
( 3 x 6)
(40 x 6)
Estimate first
Grid method
Y5
Numbers up to 1000 x 10 /
100
(whole number answers
and understand the effect)
Doubles of TU / HTU
numbers and multiples of
10 / 100
258
[ref Multiplication grid ITP]
Refine and use efficient
methods:
ThHTU x U
ThHTU xTU
HTU x U
TU x TU
U.t x U
Proper fractions,
mixed numbers x whole
numbers
Doubles of TU / HTU
numbers
[ref Arrays spreadsheet]
Compact grid method
HTU x U
TU x U
(eg 16 x 8; 43 x 6)
Commutativity factors
U / TU x 10 / 100 (describe
the effect)
Expanded vertical
47 x 36
(estimate: 50 x 40 = 2000)
47
X36
42
240
210
1200
1692
Compact vertical
43
x 6
(6x7)
(6 x 40)
(30 x 7)
(30 x 40)
258
1
Recall quickly facts to 10
x 10
Use facts to multiply
pairs of multiples of 10 /
100
Use known facts to
calculate other facts
[Find common multiples
of two numbers]
TU x U (eg 12 x 9)
TU x TU (eg 16 x 25)
Doubles of U.t / 0.th
Multiply whole numbers /
decimals by 10 / 100 /
1000
Peg boards (arrays)
Grid method
Use efficient methods:
Ignore the decimal point and
multiply as whole numbers, use
estimate to put the decimal point
in the right place.
5 x 6.95
Y6
Integer x U (eg 2307 x 8)
Decimal x U (eg 31.6 x 7)
TU x TU
HTU x TU
ThHTU x TU
5
600
3000
90
450
5
25
= 3465
Estimate 5 x 7 = 35 so 34.65
Expanded vertical (if necessary), move to
compact (HTU x U; HTU x TU)
2327 x 8 (estimate: 2300 x 10 = 23 000)
47
X 36
282
1410
1692
2 x 6 = 12 = 1
3 12 36 3
3 digit x 2 digit using grid method
300
40
7
20
6000
800
140
4
1200
160
28
6940 + 1388 = 2328
Long multiplication
Use facts up to 10 x 10 to
calculate facts involving
multiples of 10 / 100
(eg 80 x 30) and
decimals (eg 0.8 x 7)
Calculate squares of
numbers to 12 x 12
Calculate corresponding
squares of multiples of
10
TU x U
U.t x U
Integer x 1000 / 100 / 10 /
0.1 / 0.01