Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the White-Tailed Deer
17
28
Vancouver National Historic Reserve The replica of Hudson's Bay
Company's Fort Vancouver overlooks the area of the Corps' campsite, whose
exact location is uncertain. Visitor center and interpretive signs.
29
Portland International Airport The Corps twice visited Neerchokioo
village, a temporary residence for Shahala Indians when gathering wappato--the
site is now under airport parking lots. No interpretation.
30
Government Island Lewis & Clark called this "Dimond Isl" for its shape,
and camped on its north shore. Access only by boat.
31
Parker's Landing Camping at the mouth of the Washougal for six days,
the Corps traded with the Indians and hunted elk for the return trip.
Interpretive sign.
32
Lewis & Clark State Recreation Site The Corps' hunters explored
this area at the mouth of the Sandy River, which they called the "Quicksand".
Sergeant Pryor ascended six miles. Interpretive signs and botanical trail;
historical museum in Troutdale.
33
Vista House / Crown Point State Park The original "comfort
station" on the Historic Columbia River Highway commands a 30-mile view
of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area and several Lewis & Clark
sites. Interpretive exhibits/signs.
34
Rooster Rock State Park Clark wrote "we encamped under a high
Wildlife viewing platforms to see deer and elk species first described for
science by Lewis & Clark.
Cowlitz County Historical Museum Display on Cowlitz Indian
18
culture.
Prescott Beach County Park The Corps camped "under a point of
19
high ground, with thick pine trees". Interpretive sign.
Deer Island The Corps visited twice and gave the island its name, after
20
killing several deer and learning that the Indian name, E-lal-lar, meant "Deer".
Highway marker on US-30.
Columbia County Historical Society Museum Exhibit on
21
Lewis & Clark in Columbia County.
Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge The Refuge contains two
22
Corps campsites and the site of the Chinook town of Cathlapotle, which
had 14 large wooden houses and 900 inhabitants. Trails, auto tour, and
wildlife viewing.
Sauvie Island / Howell Territorial Park The Corps called
23
Sauvie Island "Wappato Island", for the potato-like water root harvested
by the Indians. 1853-era house and museum.
Kelley Point Park Kelley Point, now a city park at a peninsula's tip,
24
r.
was once one of the islands obscuring the mouth of the Willamette River.
Interpretive sign.
25
35
26
36
Bonneville Dam Completed in 1938, this dam inundated the "Cascades of
the Columbia", around which the Corps portaged. Hatchery, trails, and visitor
center with an exhibit: Lewis & Clark on the River.
Clark County Historical Museum
Exhibits on Chinook Indian life and a
Lewis & Clark library.
29 Mar.
Beacon Rock State Park Clark described this "remarkable high detached
rock...about 800 feet high and 400 paces around, we call the Beaten rock". At
this point, the Corps first noted the tidal influence of the Pacific Ocean. Trail
to summit and spectacular view. Interpretive sign.
Cathedral Park At "the center of a bend under
the high lands on the right side", Clark and a 7-man
party reached this far up the Willamette in their canoe.
Interpretive sign.
WOODLAND
22
projecting rock on the Lar[boar]d Side". Interpretive sign.
37
Columbia Gorge Interpretive Center Overlooking
the river, the museum has Lewis & Clark-related exhibits, the
Emory & Ruth Strong Library, and a multi-media presentation
on the history of the Columbia Gorge.
RIDGEFIELD
4 Nov.
4
30-31 Oct.
12 Apr.
10-11 Apr.
KLIKITAT
26
30 Mar.
1 Nov.
VANCOUVER
35
28
25
29
PORTLAND
WASHOUGAL 31
30
33 34
27
38
CASCADE LOCKS
36
Bridge of
the Gods
HOOD
RIVER
WASCO
9 Apr.
WISHRAM
Sand
d
Islan
32
37
29 Oct.
WHITE
SALMON
ania
Skam d
Islan
31 Mar. 5 Apr.
3 Nov.
TROUTDALE
13 Apr.
STEVENSON
UPPER
CHINOOK
Continued on
other side
2 Nov.
6-8 Apr.
CLACKAMAS
27
Oregon History Center Home of the
Oregon Historical Society. The museum
displays actual Expedition artifacts and the
library holds significant Lewis & Clark material;
outside, 8-story trompe l'oeil murals depict
Expedition members.
38
Cascade Locks Marine Park At the Cascades of the Columbia, now
under water, the Captains observed evidence of a massive landslide that had once
blocked the river and gave rise to the myth of "The Bridge of the Gods".
Interpretive sign, trail, and museum.
“Great joy in camp we are in
View of the Ocian, this great
Pacific Ocian which we been
So long anxious to See.”
William Clark,
November 7, 1805
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial in Oregon
Final Report
June 2006
June 2006
Greetings:
The Lewis & Clark Expedition of 1803-1806 was a major event that shaped the boundaries and future of the United States.
For three years, beginning in 2003, our country held a National Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Commemoration spanning the
sixteen states along the Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail, from Virginia, through Missouri, then up through the
Dakotas, Montana, and Idaho before reaching Washington and Oregon. Along the Trail, federal agencies, and tribal
governments – and thousands of interested individuals and organizations - implemented programs and projects to highlight
not only the historic aspects of the Corps of Discovery’s journey, but also the Native American cultures they encountered
along their route.
Although Oregon wasn’t the only state participating in the commemoration, we believe Oregon leaves some important
legacies at its conclusion. Besides the many programs, exhibitions, performances, and other gatherings Oregon sponsored
for the bicentennial—many of which are highlighted in this report—Oregon became the home of America’s newest
national park, the Lewis & Clark National Historical Park. This park, which opened in October 2004, stretches along 40
miles of the rugged Pacific Coast and includes the Fort Clatsop National Memorial, other National Park sites, and state
parks in both Oregon and Washington. Another legacy dedicated in November 2005, the Fort To Sea Trail, takes visitors
from Fort Clatsop to Sunset Beach through the forests and wetlands of the Clatsop Tribe’s homeland.
Many people made Oregon’s bicentennial commemoration a success, including the Board of Directors and staff of the Lewis
& Clark Bicentennial in Oregon (LCBO). The Board developed and coordinated much of Oregon’s statewide efforts on
time and under budget. Also contributing to the success of the bicentennial were the many LCBO partners who developed
programs around the state; the Tribes who helped to shape the commemoration so that it would tell the whole story; the
many volunteers from throughout the Pacific Northwest who pulled together to rebuild Fort Clatsop after its tragic
destruction; and, of course, the hundreds of thousands of Oregonians who welcomed the opportunity to learn more about
Lewis & Clark and their impact on our life today.
We’re proud of Oregon’s hard work and many successes that began in earnest in 1998. We hope this report inspires
the planning and development of future Oregon historical commemorations, including our sesquicentennial celebration
in 2009.
Theodore R. Kulongoski
Governor
Senator Betsy Johnson
Chair, LCBO Board of Directors
Ta bl e of C on t e n t s
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Overview of the National Commemoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Role of the National Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Council. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The Role of the Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation (LCTHF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The Role of the National Park Service (NPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
The Role of Native Americans and the Circle of Tribal Advisors (COTA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Overview of Oregon’s Commemoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial in Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Key Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Office of the Governor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
The Role of Native Americans in Oregon’s Commemoration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
The Oregon Historical Society (OHS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association (LCBA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Oregon Chapter (LCTHF-Oregon). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Oregon Military Department. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Travel Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Oregon Parks & Recreation Department (OPRD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Oregon Heritage Commission (OHC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Lewis & Clark National Historical Park (formerly Fort Clatsop National Memorial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Port of Portland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Portland Oregon Visitors Association (POVA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
TriMet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Summary of Significant Programming for Oregon’s Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Commemoration. . . . . . . . 21
Produced Strategies Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Living History at Fort Clatsop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Tribal Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Legacy Stewardship Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Trail Stewardship Project Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Marketing the Bicentennial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Staffing LCBO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fundraising for the Bicentennial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Supported Strategies Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Sanctioned Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Independent Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Project Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
LCBO’s Board of Directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
P r e fa ce
In 1994, the Oregon Historical Society assembled a small group of impassioned Lewis
and Clark historians to spearhead our state’s programs as the nation prepared for a national
commemoration of the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1803 to 1806. That group evolved
into the Lewis & Clark Bicentennial in Oregon (LCBO) and drew in others equally as
impassioned by the Lewis and Clark story. A board of directors was formed, a mission set
to paper, a mandate received from the Oregon Heritage Commission, and the legal work
initiated to form a private, non-profit corporation to carry out LCBO’s goals.
Oregon’s bicentennial commemoration can best be described as a cooperative effort among
the statewide planning group (LCBO), public agencies, programming partners, historical
organizations, donors, and a myriad of volunteers to stage a three-year series of events
marking Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Discovery. Regardless of their motivation, thousands
of individuals along the trail route worked daily to develop and promote public events
– mostly free – to engage Oregonians and visitors about this important piece of our history. And that it did. Tens of thousands took tours to museums, read a book, paddled a section
of the Columbia, and attended a symposium or a concert or a play that enlightened us
about the tribes, the Corps, and what occurred as a result of their exploration. There were several surprises and no doubt Number One would be the accidental burning
of the replica of Fort Clatsop in October 2005, just before the National Signature Event. It was a shock, but perhaps more surprising was how the people in charge of the events, as
well as the Fort’s Superintendent, Chip Jenkins, simply blinked twice and continued on. As
of this writing, volunteers have raised new walls for a ‘new’ replica, a mere five months after
its destruction. Secondly, the resounding success of the Lewis & Clark Explorer Train, an
excursion train that ran from Portland to Astoria in the summertime from 2003 through
2005 was a huge surprise. Three sixties-era train cars traveling 30 mph – a four-hour journey
one way – drew national and regional attention. Train buffs, Lewis and Clark buffs, kids,
and groups of every age and proclivity all loved traveling by train along the Columbia
River. While the service has been discontinued, it sparked Astorians’ interest in pursuing a
new train venture for the future. Another positive outcome was how many diehard Lewis
and Clark buffs, called “Clarkies”, materialized at every venue imaginable to share their
knowledge. A huge ‘hats off ’ to the Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation- Oregon
Chapter — our “Clarkies”— for keeping the commemoration accurate! There are three distinct legacies of the bicentennial commemoration that apply
both nationally and here in Oregon. First, the engagement of trail tribes – those
that encountered the original expedition – to form an historic national coalition to
commemorate and acclaim the contributions and goodwill of their ancestors, and to
plan for the well being of future generations through an organization called the Circle
of Tribal Advisors (COTA). In cooperation with the National Council of the Lewis and
Clark Bicentennial and its partners COTA has, through tribal involvement grants and
signature events, repaired historic tribal trails; sponsored art, cultural exhibits and symposia;
researched tribal cultures; and developed education programs, exhibits, festivals, and events
while successfully engaging their youth in traditional skills and craftwork to ensure the
future of their cultures. A top priority for LCBO was to engage regional tribes in telling
their stories of the Corps as well as support the planning and implementation of their
cultural preservation programs, permanent exhibits, and other commemorative activities.
P r e fa ce
Second, Lewis and Clark trails and interpretive signs have been built, replaced, or
enhanced through public and private funds for the enjoyment of generations to come. Key legacy projects include the expansion of Fort Clatsop; the creation of Oregon’s newest
National Park, Lewis & Clark National Historic Park with its multiple sites in Oregon
and Washington (with Fort Clatsop as its nexus); a new Fort To Sea Trail from Fort
Clatsop to the ocean; the development by both public and private partners to enhance
public access to the Columbia from the Columbia Reach to the Pacific Ocean; and the
development of the Confluence Project by architect Maya Lin with two installations in
Oregon as well as five sites in Washington which have connections to the Lewis and Clark
Expedition. Finally, exhibitions, plays, musicals, hands-on projects, symposia, lectures, and
interpretive literature of both the Corps and the tribes they encountered have forever
enhanced the nation’s understanding of every aspect of the expedition and its impact on
our culture.
Most of the individuals who began the planning process remain today deeply committed
to telling the story of Lewis and Clark and have donated thousands of hours leading that
process forward. Of particular note is LCBO Board Secretary, past Executive Director of
the Oregon Historical Society and member of the National Lewis & Clark Council, Chet
Orloff, who deserves our deep appreciation for his unwavering commitment to LCBO’s
projects and programs, his willingness to share his breadth of Oregon history, and his
leadership at the National Lewis & Clark Council.
This report captures Oregon’s efforts to commemorate the Corps of Discovery’s trip to the
Pacific Ocean from 1803 to 1806, including the tribal perspective as they passed through
their homelands. Without the cooperation of the tribes, the Corps of Discovery would
never have fulfilled their mission. To that end, I wish to thank Bobbie Conner, LCBO
Board Member, member of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation,
and Vice-Chair of the National Lewis & Clark Council for her patience, persistence and
eloquence in keeping the tribal perspective critical to the story both here in Oregon and
across the nation as we fulfill our mission of accurately telling the story.
And finally, Oregon’s commemoration can be attributed to many, many individuals
but without the leadership of LCBO Board President, Senator Betsy Johnson, I doubt
the impact of our collective hard work would have carried the same wallop. Her sheer
willpower to move the LCBO agenda forward matched with her good humor and broad
personal connections has given Oregon a memorable commemoration. We are all
indebted to her.
Barbara Allen, Executive Director
June, 2006
“The Indians leave us in the
evening all the party Snugly
fixed in their huts.”
William Clark, Fort Clatsop,
Christmas Day, 1805
E x ecu ti v e S u m m a ry
In 1998, the Oregon Heritage Commission
granted Lewis & Clark Bicentennial in Oregon (LCBO) the
authority to manage Oregon’s commemoration of the 200th
anniversary of the Corps of Discovery’s journey to the Pacific
Ocean. By 2002, LCBO had a full-time Executive Director, a
Strategic Plan, an involved Board of Directors, and a lengthy list
of partners throughout the state. LCBO’s mission was to attract
Oregonians and visitors to Oregon to learn more about the Corps
of Discovery, and to leave a legacy of the bicentennial to educate
future generations.
Within Oregon, LCBO benefited from the participation of many
state and local agencies and organizations. Some of the groups,
such as the Port of Portland and the Oregon Parks and Recreation
Department, provided guidance and funding. Other agencies,
including TriMet, the Portland Oregon Visitors Association, and
Travel Oregon (formerly the Oregon Tourism Commission), offered
in-kind marketing. Yet other entities, including the Tribes, Oregon
Historical Society, and the Oregon chapter of the Lewis & Clark
Trail Heritage Foundation, were essential in developing programs.
LCBO’s Strategic Plan directed LCBO to participate in the
bicentennial in two ways. First, LCBO sought funding for,
marketed, and in some cases managed a handful of commemorative
activities, or “produced strategies”, specially identified in the
Strategic Plan. LCBO’s produced strategies included legacy
projects, tribal programs, the Living History program at Fort
Clatsop as well as LCBO’s staffing, marketing, and fundraising. Descriptions of LCBO’s produced strategies begin on page 21.
Nationally, LCBO was part of a larger team of organizations
playing substantial roles in the commemoration. The National
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Council coordinated marketing
for the bicentennial as a whole and acted as a resource for state
organizations. The Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
organized a wide variety of programs and provided important
research on the Corps of Discovery. The National Park Service
sponsored the Challenge Cost Share grant program, providing
millions of dollars of funding to programs and projects across the
Lewis & Clark Historic Trail. The Council of Tribal Advisors was
another key player in the commemoration as the Council provided
advice, funding, and programming illuminating the perspective
and culture of the tribal nations along the Trail.
Next, LCBO committed to supporting the commemorative
activities of other organizations by helping them to find funding
or by marketing the activities. LCBO’s Board recognized some of
these activities as being especially important and noted them as
“sanctioned events”. Brief descriptions of sanctioned events and of
independent events that LCBO supported start on page 30.
“From this point I beheld the
grandest and most pleasing
prospects which my eyes
ever surveyed, in my frount
a boundless ocean; . . . a most
romantic appearance.”
William Clark, Tillamook Head,
January 8, 1806
10
Ov e rvi e w of th e N atio n a l Co m m e m o r atio n
Over 200 years ago, Meriwether Lewis, at the request
The Commission also recommended establishing a non-profit
organization to carry on the work of the Commission. The
Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., was founded
in 1969. In 1985, the foundation formed a bicentennial
committee, and in 1993, formed the National Lewis &
Clark Bicentennial Council as a separate nonprofit 501(c)(3)
organization to lead national private planning efforts and
observations of the bicentennial.
of President Thomas Jefferson and with congressional support,
began an exploration to find the source of the Missouri River and
tributaries and to find a suitable water passage to the western ocean
for the purpose of commerce. His co-commander was William
Clark. Their mission also included the study of Native cultures,
exploration of the land features, and informing the American
Indians of the new sovereignty of the United States. The expedition
route traveled by Lewis and Clark, now known as the Lewis &
Clark National Historic Trail, is the focus of a national bicentennial
commemoration (2003-2006).
On October 1, 1998, ten federal agencies and the National
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Council signed a memorandum
of understanding (MOU) describing how the partners would
cooperate in planning for the observance of the bicentennial and
coordinate the implementation of agency activities during the
bicentennial. Today, 23 federal agencies have signed MOUs with
the Council.
In 1964, Congress established the Lewis & Clark Trail
Commission to stimulate federal, state, and local agencies
to identify, mark, and preserve for the public inspiration and
enjoyment other routes traveled by Lewis and Clark. During its
5-year tenure, the Commission was instrumental in developing a
uniform marking system and highway network approximating the
expedition routes. In 1968 the National Trails System Act was
established, naming the Lewis & Clark Trail as one of 14 routes to
be studied for inclusion in the system. Upon completion of the
study, a recommendation was made that a new category – national
historic trails – be established. In 1978, Congress amended the
National Trails System Act, creating a new category of historic
trails and authorizing the Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail. Administration of the trail was assigned by law to the Secretary of
the Interior and delegated to the National Park Service. The trail
is managed through a federal-state-tribal-local-private partnership,
with the National Park Service providing overall administration and
coordination through their Trail office located in Omaha, Nebraska.
Also in 1998, the U. S. House and Senate Lewis & Clark
Bicentennial Congressional Caucuses were formed to help
inform and involve members of Congress about the significance
of the Lewis and Clark expedition and to act as a unified voice
in Congress to help coordinate and provide the resources those
communities would need to commemorate the bicentennial. Additionally, the caucuses helped local communities and tribes
promote and enhance tourism opportunities that reflected local
characteristics, interests, and history. In Oregon, Senators Ron
Wyden and Gordon Smith along with House Members Earl
Blumenauer, Darlene Hooley, Greg Walden, and David Wu
became caucus members. 11
Ov e rvi e w of th e N atio n a l Co m m e m o r atio n
The Role of the National Lewis
& Clark Bicentennial Council
with a mission to “coordinate better among ourselves and to be the
voice of the states to the Council.” The Council’s mission is “to commemorate Lewis and Clark’s
epic journey, rekindle its spirit of discovery, and acclaim the
contributions and goodwill of the Native people. In cooperation
with state, federal, and trial governments – and all interested
individuals and organizations, the Council promotes education
programs, cultural sensitivity and harmony, and the sustaining
stewardship of natural and historical resources along the route of
the expedition.” Along with many other partners, the Council continues its
oversight over their remaining santioned National Signature
Events which end in September, 2006, by promoting the tribal
perspective in telling the Lewis & Clark story; attracting funding
for its projects and programs; marketing both the national and
regional events with the cooperation of the national Ad Council
and promoting commemorative keepsakes such as the special U.S. stamps, U.S. coins, and a variety of other products. Its partners, originally just the Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage
Foundation and the National Park Service, multiplied
exponentially over the years to include additional federal agencies,
state bicentennial commissions, a growing number of the 58 tribal
nations who encountered the expedition, state historical societies,
and institutional partners such as the Thomas Jefferson Foundation
and the National Geographic Society. The Role of the Lewis & Clark Trail
Heritage Foundation
The mission of Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
(LCTHF) is to “stimulate public appreciation of the Lewis &
Clark Expedition’s contribution to America’s heritage, and to
support educational research, development and preservation of
the Lewis & Clark experience.” Housed in Great Falls, Montana,
the Foundation has more than 40 chapters in the United States,
including a very active Oregon Chapter. The Foundation
publishes a quarterly scholarly journal, We Proceed On. Its
educational programs focus primarily on grades 5 through 9. LCTHF also supports a grant program, an archival library, and it
encourages the conservation and stewardship of the trail as well as
respect for the public and private lands and native peoples who live
along the Trail.
Originally housed at Fort Vancouver in Vancouver, Washington,
the Council moved to a site on the campus of Lewis & Clark
College in Portland and, finally, moved to its current location at the
Missouri Historical Society in St. Louis, Missouri.
In pursuit of its mission to acclaim the contributions and goodwill
of the Native peoples, the Council invited tribal participation
from the beginning, creating the Council’s Circle of Tribal
Advisors (COTA), made up of representatives from each of the 58
tribal nations who met Lewis and Clark. Beginning in October
2000, COTA held four tribal gatherings, creating an historic
memorandum of understanding among them to create a unified
tribal voice in the bicentennial as well as to voice the story of Lewis
and Clark from a tribal point of view.
In Oregon, members volunteered their time and expertise over
several years to a broad range of activities to ensure historical
accuracy in our commemorative programs. Oregon LCTHF
member, Larry McClure, wrote a weekly column published
in regional papers on the Corps’ experiences as it entered the
Columbia River Basin 200 years ago to the day. Each week, readers
got an overview of the Corps adventures, quotes from a variety
of the members’ journals, a reading list of current publications of
interest, and an updated calendar of programs and events along
the Columbia River dedicated to telling the Corps’ story. At this
writing, the Oregon Chapter President is Mike Carrick.
All of the states along the 4,162-mile trail route, and four states
east of it, developed Lewis and Clark bicentennial commissions
and at the urging of then LCBO Executive Director Ted Kaye in
October, 2000, the Council recognized a newly formed coalition
of those state commissions as its Circle of State Advisors (COSA)
12
Ov e rvi e w of th e N atio n a l Co m m e m o r atio n
The Role of the
National Park Service
The free exhibition is comprised of a 150-seat auditorium tent
that serves as a venue for cultural demonstrations, an exhibit tent
featuring the history of the tribes Lewis & Clark encountered on
their journey, a keel boat replica, and a tepee. The exhibition will
have toured 18 states and the District of Columbia beginning in
January 2003 at Monticello, Virginia and ending in St. Louis,
Missouri, in September 2006. In Oregon, “Corps II” as it is
commonly called, visited the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla
Indian Reservation near Pendleton; the Columbia Gorge Discovery
Center in The Dalles; Seaside; St. Helens, the Confederated Tribes
of the Grand Ronde in Grand Ronde; and the Confederated Tribes
of the Warm Springs in Warm Springs. The National Park Service (NPS), a component of the
Department of the Interior, provides overall administration and
coordination of the Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail. Three
key programs support this mission: the Challenge Cost Share
(CCS) Program, the Site Certification Program, and the Corps of
Discovery II Program.
The Challenge Cost Share (CCS) Program, instituted in 1995,
is a competitive matching grant program to support projects
along the Lewis & Clark Trail. Congress appropriated increasing
amounts to the program, beginning in FY 1995 with $40,000 and
funding it at the $5 million level from FY 2002 through 2005. In FY 2006, funding was reduced to $3.5 million, and LCTHF
will press Congress to retain the program at that level for ongoing
projects. Since 2001, the CCS program has awarded 54 grants
totaling $1,389,870 to Oregon’s Lewis and Clark programs.
The Role of Native Americans and
the Circle of Tribal Advisors
In the 1990s, as planning for the Lewis and Clark bicentennial was
just getting underway, the National Park Service hosted a series
of ‘listening sessions’ for tribes along the Lewis and Clark Trail so
they could voice their perspectives and apprehensions about the
upcoming 200th anniversary of the Corps’ journey. These sessions
spurred a handful of tribal leaders to meet in 2000 to decide if
they wanted to participate at all and to confirm the tribal priorities
set forth in the earlier listening sessions. That meeting formally
launched the coalition that became Circle of Tribal Advisors
(COTA), which includes 41 of the 58 modern tribal governments
that represent the 100 tribal nations recorded by Lewis and Clark. In 2001, the National Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Council
formally adopted tribal involvement as its top priority for the
bicentennial commemoration. COTA is an historic coalition that
views the Bicentennial as an opportunity to preserve and celebrate
what remains of their homelands, cultures, and languages; to
present their points of view about the expedition and its aftermath;
to honor their ancestors’ legacies; to enhance their children’s future;
to teach visitors about American Indians today; and to collaborate
with their neighbors to realize mutual goals and benefits.
All sites and segments managed by federal agencies on the route
followed by the Lewis and Clark expedition are automatically
components of the Lewis and Clark National Historic trail and
are obligated to display the National Historic Trail sign. However,
many sites are not under federal management, and Congress
provided for a Site Certification Program for non-federal sites. There are over 100 sites of significance to the Lewis and Clark story
in Oregon, some of them federally-managed or federally-certified,
and many more with signage and interpretation for visitors.
Corps of Discovery II: 200 Years to the Future is a traveling
exhibition coordinated by the National Park Service and is a
joint effort of federal and state agencies, private and nonprofit
organizations and American Indian tribes. NPS provides major
funding, exhibit design and production, transportation, and
support staff through the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. 13
“At this place, we had wintered
and remained from the 7th of
Decr. 1805 to this day and have
lived as well as we had any right
to expect . . . not withstanding
the repeeted fall of rain which
has fallen almost Constantly
Since . . . Novr. Last.”
William Clark, Leaving Fort Clatsop,
March 23, 1806
14
O v e rv i e w o f O r e go n ’ s Co m m e m or atio n
LCBO played a central role in coordinating, marketing, and
a groundbreaking map, Lewis & Clark on the Columbia River,
to guide tourists to over 50 sites in Oregon and Washington;
it represented Oregon at the national level; it worked with its
partners to identify and prioritize 75 Oregon bicentennial projects
for proposed congressional funding; and it expanded interpretive
signage throughout the state.
raising funds for Lewis and Clark programs in Oregon. However,
LCBO was joined by a committed slate of key partners—
including state and local agencies, tribal nations, and nonprofit
organizations—in making the bicentennial commemoration a
success.
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial
in Oregon
In January 2002, State Representative, now Senator, Betsy Johnson
was elected the new President of the Board and asked the Oregon
Tourism Commission (now called Travel Oregon) to lend a staff
member, Julie Curtis, to be the LCBO’s interim Executive Director. The Board of Directors increased from 14 to 30, with Governor
John Kitzhaber becoming its honorary chair. The new board
included representatives from three tribal groups whose historic
homelands were part of the Lewis & Clark Trail. Additionally, 15 ex-officios joined the Board, including several former governors
and Oregon’s entire congressional delegation. The Oregon Heritage Commission, whose mission is to secure,
sustain, enhance, and promote Oregon’s heritage, adopted the
Lewis & Clark bicentennial in 1998 recognizing the impact of
the expedition on Oregon’s history. LCBO initially began in
1998 out of an existing coalition of organizations planning how
the bicentennial should be commemorated in Oregon. LCBO
won the endorsement of the Commission to coordinate the state’s
Lewis and Clark heritage events. In 1999, LCBO incorporated
into a non-profit with a five-member Board of Directors chaired
by Umatilla County Commissioner Bill Hansell and staffed part
time by Ted Kaye, director of Lewis and Clark programs at the
Oregon Historical Society. They laid out an early strategy for
the commemoration and began expanding the recruitment of
institutional partners to carry out commemorative programming. By May 2001, the Board had 14 members and LCBO had attracted
approximately 60 institutional partners including federal and state
agencies, city and county governments, tribes, historical societies
and museums, schools and colleges, and local organizing groups. These partners entered into formal cooperative agreements with
LCBO, agreeing to pay a yearly fee of $100 to support LCBO’s
multiple roles of coordinator, communicator, funder, and marketer. Partners selected liaisons to work directly with LCBO staff and
Board to support their programming through 2006.
The Metropolitan Group was hired in 2002 to develop a strategic
plan. In the fall of 2002, Ms. Curtis returned to the Tourism
Commission and Barbara Allen was hired as the Executive
Director. The LCBO Strategic Plan was adopted in the late fall
by the Board of Directors. By December, 2002, LCBO had also
agreed to absorb the programming of the Portland-Vancouver area
commemoration planning organization, Lewis & Clark 2005, Inc.,
with three of its Board members, including its Chair Tom Walsh,
joining LCBO, and several of its projects coming under the LCBO
umbrella. This unified Board, along with new staff and strategic plan, began
aggressively fulfilling its three primary goals: to support Oregon’s
natural surroundings and existing tourist attractions and promote
tourism that positively impacts the Oregon economy; to leave
a legacy for future generations to appreciate; and to promote
responsible stewardship of our environment and protection of
cultural and natural resources on and off the Lewis & Clark Trail.
In its first years, LCBO focused on generating interest and
coordinating planning activities among its current and prospective
partners, and on building the foundation for the commemorative
events, infrastructure, and legacy projects to come. It published
15
O v e rv i e w o f O r e go n ’ s Co m m e m or atio n
Key Partners
tribal governments joined the Board and other tribal groups were
invited to participate in the Board’s quarterly meetings. After
a new strategic plan was drafted in the fall of 2002, the Board
amended the plan to direct one-third of all funds raised be
dedicated to tribal programming and projects. Additionally, the
Board unanimously agreed to invite all tribes from the region,
whether federally recognized or not, to participate in Oregon’s
commemorative programming to tell the story of Lewis & Clark’s
journey from the Native American perspective. Below is an
overview of activities from the participating tribal groups.
A number of key partnerships ensured the success of the
strategic plan. LCBO relied almost exclusively on Travel
Oregon for regional, national, and international marketing
campaigns to draw tourists to Oregon. The Oregon Parks
and Recreation Department provided website development,
ongoing administrative funds for LCBO’s operations, and funded
a successful grant program. Fort Clatsop National Memorial,
now a component of the Lewis & Clark National Historical
Park, played an important role through the creation of the Lewis
& Clark National Historical Park from federal and state sites in
both Oregon and Washington, and in the construction of the
Fort to Sea Trail. The Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association
(LCBA) worked for several years in the Long Beach, WashingtonAstoria, Oregon areas to develop a bi-state national signature event,
Destination: The Pacific, to great success. And particular credit
goes to the Oregon Historical Society which for several years
has provided the leadership, expertise, and resources to ensure a
successful commemoration, including hosting the largest exhibit in
its history, Lewis & Clark: The National Bicentennial Exhibition. A
list of key LCBO partners and brief descriptions of their projects
follows. A complete list of partners is in the Appendices.
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
(Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Cayuse Tribes) Executive Director of
the Tamástslikt Cultural Institute, National Lewis & Clark Council
Bicentennial Vice President, and LCBO Board Member, Bobbie
Conner, provided critical leadership at the national and regional
level developing the tribal and non-tribal themes and goals of the
National Council and LCBO during the bicentennial. Tamástslikt
hosted national and regional organizational meetings over the years,
as well as hosting the NPS Corps of Discovery II exhibit (twice)
and developing a new, permanent Living Culture Village abutting
the Institute. Office of the Governor
Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation
(Warm Springs, Wasco, and Paiute Tribes) Director of
Governmental Affairs, and LCBO Board Member Louie Pitt, Jr. successfully connected the tribal confederation to the bicentennial
commemoration in a variety of on- and off-reservation venues. Tribal veterans and their acclaimed dancers provided important
roles in a wide variety of events. Additionally, the tribe hosted the
NPS Corps II exhibit and mounted several shows at the Museum
at Warm Springs under the leadership of executive director Carol
Leone.
Over the years, three Oregon governors have lent their talent and
resources to support Oregon’s commemorative efforts. Former
Governor Barbara Roberts has actively served as an ex-officio
member of the LCBO Board of Directors, chairing some of its
meetings. In 2002, then-Governor John Kitzhaber asked state
Representative (now Senator) Betsy Johnson to chair and expand
the Board of Directors and develop LCBO’s Strategic Plan. Those
tasks were quickly accomplished, and in 2003 newly-elected
Governor Ted Kulongoski began participating in the planning
process, lending his time, talented staff, and state resources to
support the myriad of Lewis and Clark projects and programs.
Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes Chief Joe Scovell led the
Clatsop-Nehalems’ successful role as tribal hosts of the OregonWashington National Signature Event in November, 2005,
and organized a potlatch for the other 21 tribal representatives
from across the country who attended the event. Many cultural
projects were undertaken, including canoe building and opening
a cultural center. Tribal member and LCBO Board Member
Dick Basch played a significant leadership role throughout the
commemoration.
The Role of Native Americans in
Oregon’s Commemoration
Following the example of the National Bicentennial Council,
LCBO welcomed tribal participation since its inception. As the
Board formed in 1999, Nolee Olson, representing the Affiliated
Tribes of Northwest Indians, became a founding Board member
and served for several years. In 2002, representatives from three
16
O v e rv i e w o f O r e go n ’ s Co m m e m or atio n
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde (Over 20 tribes,
including the Rogue River, Umpqua, Chasta, Kalapuya, Molalla,
Salmon River, Tillamook, and Nestucca) Director of Cultural
Affairs Elaine LaBonte led several significant projects and
programs, including the tribes’ sponsorship of a permanent memorial at Blue Lake Park to Chinookan Chief Nicháqwli as
well as hosting the NPS exhibit, Corps of Discovery II.
not thousands, of volunteers participated over the years in planning
the event, held November 11 to 15, 2006 in the Long Beach,
Washington and Astoria, Oregon, areas. This historic two-state
organization made extraordinary accomplishments that will be
described later. LCBA Board Chair and LCBO Board Member
Les McNary, Signature Event Chair and LCBO Board Member
Jan Mitchell, along with LCBA Executive Director Cyndi Mudge
provided the leadership for its success. The Chinook Nation (Lower Chinook, Clatsop, Wahkiakum,
Willapa, and Kathlamet) Both Chief Cliff Snider and Tribal
Chair Gary Johnson provided leadership on behalf of the
Chinook Nation. Most importantly, the Chinooks participated
in the design and construction of plank house similar to those
used by their ancestors near what is today the city of Ridgefield,
Washington. Located in the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge
and built with the cooperation of many federal, state, and
private partners, this structure is a legacy of the bicentennial. Additionally, the tribe hosted a series of events in Pacific County,
Washington, in conjunction with the National Signature Event.
Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation,
Oregon Chapter
All historical commemorations need confirmation of historical
accuracy and chapter members from across Oregon provided
answers unfailingly. Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
(LCTHF) members participated in a wide variety of events, cosponsoring with the Grand Ronde Tribe Encounter at Nicháqwli,
and volunteering at the Lewis and Clark booth at the State Fair
and countless other events. Author and founding LCBO Board
Member Keith Hay wrote a book on the expedition’s journey
down the Columbia River. LCTHF member and retired educator
Larry McClure served as LCBO’s educator-in-residence to ensure
children and their teachers had access to tools to teach the Lewis
and Clark story. Additionally, Mr. McClure authored a weekly
column published in regional papers detailing the Corps’ journey
while in the Oregon-Washington area. The chapter’s webmaster,
Jay Rasmussen, volunteered his talent and services to create and
maintain LCBO’s initial website.
The Oregon Historical Society
Just as the Oregon Historical Society (OHS) had proposed and
sponsored planning for the 1905 Lewis and Clark centennial, 100
years later it launched Oregon’s bicentennial commemoration. While this report will go into some detail later on regarding the
programs the Society mounted in the course of Oregon’s Lewis
& Clark Bicentennial commemoration, key behind-the-scenes
leadership should also be recognized. Early on, the Society
sponsored LCBO, providing pro bono staff, accounting services,
office space, and supplies. OHS hosted the LCBO Board of
Directors over the years for meetings and gave them access to
a variety of programs – including the National Exhibit – free
of charge. OHS will also archive LCBO’s historical records. And finally, Executive Director and LCBO Board Member
John Pierce and his Development and Marketing Director
Sharon Perez hosted a pre-Exhibit opening ceremony and gala
and produced extensive materials and educational programs to
enhance Oregonians’ experience of the National Exhibit and the
commemoration in general.
Oregon Military Department
Under the leadership of Adj. Gen. Raymond Rees, the Oregon
National Guard played an integral role in many aspects of the
bicentennial commemoration. As examples of some of the Guard’s
wide variety of contributions, the Guard’s Education Outreach
program brought Lewis and Clark programs to over 900 venues—
chiefly schools—serving more than 90,000 people. The Guard also
funded and organized the opening ceremonies of Destination: the
Pacific, lending 250 soldiers to ensure its success. For the National
Park Service’s Corps II, the Oregon National Guard helped with set
up and tear down at each Corps II site in Oregon. The Guard also
coordinated school attendance at Corps II and provided additional
educational programming. Finally, the Guard’s assistance was
essential in constructing the Fort To Sea Trail at the Lewis & Clark
National Historical Park and was first in line to assist in rebuilding
Fort Clatsop. Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association (LCBA) is a non-profit
501(c)(3) corporation whose mission is to develop and produce
the Oregon-Washington national signature event. Hundreds, if
17
O v e rv i e w o f O r e go n ’ s Co m m e m or atio n
Travel Oregon
into Oregon’s newest national park, the Lewis & Clark National
Historical Park, greatly enhancing their stature nationally.
As LCBO’s primary marketing and public relations partner, Travel
Oregon’s commitment of resources to LCBO was indispensable
in marketing Oregon bicentennial projects and programs. Travel Oregon promoted LCBO’s programs at travel-trade
shows in Germany and in other international venues; through
inbound familiarization tours to introduce travel professionals
to Oregon’s sites and activities; and at industry conferences both
domestically and abroad. They partnered with Idaho, Montana,
and Washington state tourism departments to produce ads in key
markets and produce a four-state rack card for national placement. Its quarterly visitor publication, Travel Oregon, devoted many pages
to Lewis and Clark over the past several years, culminating in a
five-page spread in the Winter 2005 edition, including a Lewis
and Clark contest. Travel Oregon also co-designed, produced, and
distributed an Oregon-Washington Lewis and Clark brochure,
and produced a Lewis and Clark press kit to pitch bicentennial
stories to the travel media. Travel Oregon funded these products
on an in-kind basis to support LCBO’s efforts to promote Oregon’s
bicentennial activities. Travel Oregon’s Chair and LCBO Board
Member Joe D’Alessandro and Travel Oregon’s Executive Director
Todd Davidson provided key leadership and guidance. Oregon Heritage Commission
Operating within the Oregon Parks & Recreation Department,
the Commission’s mission is to “secure, sustain, and enhance
Oregon’s heritage”. To that end, Oregon Heritage Commission
(OHC), with Barbara Sidway and then David Ellis at its helm,
gave LCBO the authority to act on its behalf in commemorating
the bicentennial. OHC’s expertise was invaluable to the execution
of the LCBO Strategic Plan, particularly through its partnership
with LCBO in developing and administering a grant program for
Lewis & Clark projects statewide. Oregon Department of Transportation
Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) delivered
several key projects and programs during the bicentennial,
but certainly its biggest program was buying, renovating, and
operating the Lewis & Clark Explorer Train, a commuter
train between Portland and Astoria for three years. The work
of ODOT’s Rail Division as it purchased, repaired, cleaned,
transported, ran, and maintained the Explorer Train was
Herculean, especially when ODOT’s administration of the train’s
contracts, licensing, and insurance is considered as well. The
dedicated staff of ODOT Rail even donated hundreds of hours to
run the train for the three years, through October 2005. LCBO
partnered with ODOT to market and provide onboard food
service. The Explorer Train was a boon to Astoria and has set
in motion a community effort to purchase and run a commuter
service again in the future.
Oregon Parks and Recreation Department
The Parks Department played several roles during the bicentennial. The commitment to fund the administrative expenses of LCBO
beginning in 2000 and running through 2006 allowed the
organization to hire professionals who could carry out the goals
of the Strategic Plan. This financial support leveraged millions
of dollars through grants, donations, and in-kind support. Both
former Director Mike Carrier and current Director Tim Wood
served on the LCBO Board of Directors, lending their resources
to LCBO. Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (OPRD)
also designed and launched a revamped website that is considered
one of the best bicentennial sites nationally. Many of Park’s
properties are sites of the original Lewis & Clark Expedition and
several were upgraded as a result with LCBO’s help. Finally, some
properties on the north Oregon coast have been incorporated
ODOT also dedicated its 2005-2007 official State of Oregon road
map to the bicentennial theme. Finally, ODOT played a key role in the bi-state signature event by
coordinating both governmental and non-governmental agencies
in a detailed traffic and signage plan to direct the thousands of
people attending commemorative events and programs. 18
O v e rv i e w o f O r e go n ’ s Co m m e m or atio n
Lewis & Clark National Historical Park
(formerly Fort Clatsop National Memorial)
Port of Portland
The Port’s representative to the LCBO Board of Directors, Debby
Kennedy, lent considerable expertise to the development of the
strategic plan. The Port was in the unique position of owning
many sites that Lewis and Clark mentioned in their journals,
and this fact combined with the Port’s interest in the history
of transportation along the Columbia and their keen interest
in supporting the sustainability of the river’s assets, led to their
commitment of substantial funding for Lewis and Clark programs. The Port’s Director, Bill Wyatt, themed the Portland International
Airport to Lewis and Clark in the summer of 2005, generously
supported the operations of the Lewis & Clark Explorer Train
over several seasons, and donated start-up funding for educating
stakeholders up and down the Columbia River corridor on
sustaining its natural resources. LCBO’s Strategic Plan suggested that Fort Clatsop elevate its
Living History programming to a Williamsburg, Virginia model. Although Fort Clatsop wasn’t able to attract the financial support
for that extensive a model, LCBO did help to garner the support of
local foundations to build an interpretive program strong enough
to sustain itself. The Memorial, however, blossomed exponentially in a way not
anticipated for the bicentennial. First, the Memorial became a part
of the larger, bi-state Lewis & Clark National Historical Park. The
Park also constructed the Fort To Sea Trail, a 6.5-mile trail linking
Fort Clatsop and Sunset Beach, traversing terrain once traveled by
the Corps of Discovery. LCBO helped to make the Trail possible
by attracting funding from the Meyer Memorial Trust, the National
Park Service’s Challenge Cost Share Grant program, Nike, and
others. The existence of a National Historical Park and the Fort
To Sea Trail would not be possible without the close cooperation
of numerous private and public organizations, including the U.S. Department of the Interior, the National Park Service, the Nature
Conservancy, the Oregon Department of Transportation, the
Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation, Washington State
Parks, and many more.
Portland Oregon Visitors Association
The Executive Director of Portland Oregon Visitors Asssociation
(POVA), Chair of the Oregon Tourism Commission, and LCBO
Board Member, Joe D’Alessandro, gave LCBO all the resources
at his disposal to promote Lewis and Clark events. More than
anyone, he understood the critical role both OTC and POVA
would play, together and separately, in promoting and marketing
the bicentennial. POVA graciously agreed to distribute our
partners’ brochures at their Visitors Information Office free of
charge, themed much of their own promotional material to the
bicentennial, and lent their expert marketing staff toward carrying
out LCBO’s marketing plan.
Since the late 1980s, three superintendents of Fort Clatsop have
planned for the commemoration of Lewis and Clark’s stay at
the Fort during the winter of 1805 to 1806. Each built on the
other’s foundation of projects and programs, starting with Cindy
Orlando, whose vision helped launch LCBO, and Don Striker,
who spearheaded the park expansion. The current Superintendent,
Chip Jenkins, ably led the park’s central role in the bicentennial
commemoration.
TriMet
TriMet Marketing Director and LCBO Board Member, Kim
Duncan, was originally a member of Portland’s regional Lewis &
Clark planning group. Her involvement with LCBO led TriMet to
donate hundreds of thousands of dollars in free marketing on buses
and at bus shelters for Lewis and Clark programming, including
the Oregon Historical Society’s National Exhibition.
19
“ . . . at 1 P.M. we bid a final
adieu to Fort Clatsop”
Meriwether Lewis, heading home,
March 23, 1806
20
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Major Alisha Hamel, ONG; Superintendent Chip Jenkins, Lewis & Clark National Historic Park;
Senator Betsy Johnson – Chair, LCBO Board of Directors; at the bi-state National Signature Event,
Fort Stevens State Park, November 11, 2005.
In December 2002, the LCBO Board of Directors
Produced Strategies Summary
adopted a new Strategic Plan that defined projects and programs
they felt key to commemorating Lewis and Clark’s journey
to the Pacific Ocean. Three distinct roles were defined for
LCBO. First, LCBO would be a producer of projects, taking
primary responsibility for funding, marketing, promoting, and
implementing key projects. Second, LCBO would support the
projects of others, working in partnership with local, regional or
national entities in a variety of roles. Finally, LCBO would serve
as a clearinghouse and coordinating link for Lewis and Clark
resources and advocacy.
LCBO’s Strategic Plan laid out five produced strategies: Living
History at Fort Clatsop; Tribal Programs; Legacy Programs; Trail
Stewardship Programs, and Marketing/Fundraising/Staffing. The
goals and results of each of these strategies is discussed in more
detail below. Living History at Fort Clatsop
Goal: To significantly expand current first-person interpretive
programming at the Fort by developing professional programming
and infrastructure similar to Williamsburg, Virginia, as a yearround tourist attraction. The following is a summary of LCBO’s activities in those
three distinct roles as well as brief summaries of the results of
key programming identified in the Plan as Sanctioned Events. Also noted are a handful of significant projects which deserve
recognition, although they were developed subsequent to the
Plan’s publication.
Result: Former Superintendent Don Striker played an important
role in developing this concept. When Superintendent Striker was
promoted to another park in early 2003, incoming Superintendent
Chip Jenkins added significantly to the overall role the Fort would
play in the national commemoration. Besides expanding the Living
History Program, Superintendent Jenkins succeeded in building the
Fort To Sea Trail and folding an expanded Fort Clatsop Memorial
into a bi-state National Historical Park. 21
Su m m a ry of Si g ni f ica n t P r o g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or ation
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
(CTUIR). The CTUIR developed several projects in conjunction
with the bicentennial of the Expedition’s arrival in their homeland: For the Living History program, the Park sought to develop a
corps of trained interpreters to carry out the two existing Living
History programs, Wintering Over, and the Saltmakers Return. LCBO helped garner support from the Meyer Memorial Trust,
Kinsman Foundation, Autzen Foundation, the City of Seaside,
and a National Park Service Challenge Cost Share Grant to fund a
training camp and operations through the bicentennial. • Living Cultural Village: The Living Culture Village,
located next to the Tamástslikt Cultural Institute, allows
visitors to experience, first hand, demonstrations of
traditional activities such as storytelling, basket and tule
mat weaving, and salmon drying and smoking much as
Lewis and Clark experienced them. The Village, opened
in May 2005, not only provides the opportunity for
visitors to learn about the culture of the Umatilla, Cayuse,
and Walla Wall tribes, but it also gives tribal members the
opportunity to connect with their own culture by learning
traditional technologies, often taught in native languages. LCBO supported the Living Cultural Village through
a grant to the language immersion and teaching session
from the LCBO-OHC Grant program. For the Fort to the Sea Trail, Superintendent Jenkins sought to
build a trail that was part of the plan that led to the eventual
construction of a replica Fort Clatsop 50 years ago. Supt. Jenkins
partnered with the Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation,
the Oregon National Guard, and the Oregon Department of
Transportation to construct the Trail and build an overpass
of Highway 101. Congressional appropriations funded the
acquisition of contiguous parcels of land from Weyerhaeuser and
others on which the Trail was eventually constructed. LCBO
helped to attract funding and in-kind resources from a wide
variety of donors, including the Meyer Memorial Trust, Nike, the
Coastal Resources Management Program, the National Park Service
Challenge Cost Share program, and many others. Last but certainly not least, during the bicentennial
commemoration, the U.S. Congress designated the Fort Clatsop
Memorial as part of a larger Lewis & Clark National Historical
Park. The new national park includes not only federal land,
but also state parks in Oregon and Washington, such as Ecola
State Park in Oregon and Station Camp and Dismal Nitch in
Washington.
•
Co-hosts of Trace the Trail, October 2005: The Lewis &
Clark Day at Hat Rock commemorated the Corps’ first
exposure to the region and its native inhabitants. The
LCBO-OHC Grant Program supported this effort.
•
Homeland Heritage Corridor map: A map of the Tribes’
traditional homelands using both common and native
tongue place-names.
•
Hosted a 150th Anniversary of the Treaty of 1855 in.
June 2005
Tribal Programs
Goal: LCBO will raise funds for tribal projects in the
following broad areas: Lifeways technology exhibits; language
documentation; interpreter train and entrepreneurship support
program; signage; statewide marketing materials; and treaty
observances, symposia, and summit programs.
Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs. The Museum at
Warm Springs’ They Still Speak To Us and Yesterday, Today and
Tomorrow exhibits. The LCBO-OHC Grant Program supported
this effort. LCBO also helped the Museum attract funding from
the National Park Service’s Challenge Cost Share program.
Results: Below are brief descriptions of LCBO-supported funding
and/or marketing of tribal projects, events, and programs.
Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes. The Tribe’s Canoe
Coming Out potlatch held in conjunction with the Oregon-
22
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Cathlapotle Plankhouse, Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge.
The Chinook Nation. For hundreds of years, Cathlapotle was
one of the largest Chinookan settlements on the Lower Columbia
River. Lewis and Clark noted Cathlapotle—now on the Ridgefield
National Wildlife Refuge—in their journals in 1805. The
Chinook Nation partnered with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
and others to build a Chinookan-style cedar plank house as part
of the Cathlapotle Plankhouse Project. The plankhouse opened
to the public in March 2005, and the Tribe uses the plankhouse
for traditional ceremonies. The LCBO-OHC Grant program
supported this effort.
Washington National Signature Event in November, 2005, involved
25 tribal representatives from across the country. As the Signature
Event’s host tribe, the Clatsop-Nehalems participated in the
opening ceremonies and dedicated a newly-carved traditional canoe. The Tribes also sponsored a Cultural Preservation and Education
Project to document and share traditional cultural and historical
information. A professional ethno-historian led the efforts,
gathering archival materials and recording oral histories for a report
for educators, historical organizations, and the general public. The
LCBO-OHC Grant Program supported these efforts. Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde. Partnering with the
Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation-Oregon Chapter, Metro,
and others, the Encounter at Nicháqwli Monument project hired
tribal artists to carve a cedar canoe and plank house end posts
representing elements of a Columbia River village. Basalt stone was
also carved into a large sculpture representing a fishing net sinker
weight commonly used by Columbia River tribes in an earlier era. Both private and public dedication ceremonies were held in August,
2005, at Blue Lake Park, known as Nicháqwli when Lewis & Clark
visited the area 200 years ago. The LCBO-OHC Grant Program
supported this effort.
Roberta Kirk, Dressmaking and beadwork
display at the Oregon Historical Society’s Native
American Traditional Arts Series.
23
Su m m a ry of Sig ni f ica n t P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
The Port of Portland’s Native American Villages and the Corps
of Discovery interpretive exhibit at Portland International Airport
used archaeological materials, the Lewis & Clark journals, and
auxiliary images to illuminate the natural history of the land near
the airport as well as the indigenous cultures at the time the Corps
visited. The LCBO Small Grant Program supported this effort.
Additional tribal-sponsored programming:
Rose High Bear’s Wisdom of the Elders series of radio
programming captured oral histories, traditional cultural values,
and other messages of wisdom from tribes Lewis and Clark
encountered on their expedition. Much of the funding for this
project was through the National Park Service’s Challenge Cost
Share Program.
The Dalles Area Chamber of Commerce produced Celilo, The
Lewis and Clark Trail brochure in cooperation with the Museum
at Warm Springs, the Yakama National Cultural Center, and the
Tamástslikt Cultural Institute to promote cultural education in the
Columbia River Gorge area. The LCBO Small Grant Program
supported this effort.
LCBO also supported programming that was related to the tribes
but was not directly sponsored by the tribes:
Portland Art Museum’s People of the River: Native Arts of the
Oregon Territory exhibition displayed over 200 artifacts originally
from the Pacific Northwest region’s Native Americans living 10,000
years ago along the shores of the Columbia River. The LCBOOHC Grant Program supported this project.
Legacy Stewardship Programs
Goal: To fund Sustainable Northwest’s program, Tomorrow’s
Prosperity: Sustainability along the Columbia, a series of linked
events to help communities in Oregon and Washington develop
sustainable projects and leave meaningful programs in place
beyond the Lewis & Clark Bicentennial. Outcomes included a
common regional vision for the Columbia River Basin integrating
economic development and environmental project and restoration;
a broader understanding of sustainability principles and practices;
an agreement on regional sustainable development goals, project
priorities, and necessary investments; and establishing a long-term
funding mechanism to support sustainable-oriented businesses
Oregon Historical Society’s The Exquisite Art of Lillian
Pitt, displayed the work of Warm Springs artist, Lillian Pitt. Additionally, the Society hosted the Native Peoples and the Legacy
of the Treaties interactive children’s program, as well as the Native
American Traditional Arts Series.
Oregon Children’s Theater’s production of the play Sacagawea by
Eric Coble kicked off Oregon’s Lewis and Clark commemoration
in January, 2003, at a premiere at Portland’s Keller Auditorium. The play recounted Sacagawea’s journey to the Pacific Northwest
and featured music composed by Marv Ross and performed by the
Trail Band.
Joseph, Oregon Elementary School’s Lewis & Clark Meet the
Nez Perce teacher workshop in July, 2004 and July, 2005, brought
regional tribal members and educators together with the goal of
expanding awareness of the Lewis & Clark Expedition and the
Corps’ interaction with Northwest tribal cultures. The LCBOOHC Grant Program supported this project.
Clatsop County Historical Society’s Native American Exhibit
told the story of the native peoples of the Lower Columbia since
European contact. The exhibit included hand-carved wooden
reproductions, original art, a reproduction of a Chinookan hat, and
recordings of Chinook Jargon. The LCBO Small Grant Program
supported this effort.
Dancers, Quartz Creek Drum & Dance Group, Confederated Tribes of the
Grand Ronde.
24
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Result: The project had an initial, ambitious $7.5 million budget,
of which LCBO committed to raising $1.68 million. Initial
funding from the Port of Portland of $50,000 did not spur other
donors to participate in this project. While the LCBO-OHC
Grant Program dedicated $10,000 in additional funding to
Sustainable Northwest’s project, the project was terminated in May
2005, with only $60,000 raised. LCBO-OHC’s grants funds were
re-granted to other legacy projects. A Rivers Project Committee, chaired by Charlotte Beeman and
including all the site owners, soon began meeting regularly to select
important sites, plan their improvements, and install accurate
and consistent interpretive signage. The Committee identified
14 sites—Rooster Rock State Park, Lewis & Clark State Park,
Cottonwood Beach, Dabney State Park, Government Island,
Chinook Landing, Portland International Airport, Kelley Point
Park, Cathedral Park, University of Portland, Post Office Lake,
Ryan’s Point, Ridgefield Wildlife Reserve, and Sauvie Island. The
Committee hired David Evans and Associates to write a feasibility
study to document the Committee’s vision and estimated costs. The Committee also decided that once interpretive signs were
in place, LCBO would publish a brochure/map of all 14 sites to
be distributed regionally and available free-of-charge at LCBO’s
website.
Trail Stewardship Project Programs
Goal: To coordinate the enhancement of 14 sites in the Portland
metropolitan area that are historically accurate to the Lewis &
Clark expedition by working with public and private site owners
and the Chinook Tribe as detailed in the Lewis & Clark, 2005,
Inc.’s Rivers Lewis & Clark Discovery Greenway Plan. Additionally,
LCBO would support a second trail stewardship project, the Lower
Columbia River Water Trail mapping project.
The study has served as the blueprint for the site owners’ upgrades
over the last two years. They have donated over $442,000 in inkind labor and materials toward fulfilling the plan. Result: Portland is the largest metropolitan area along the Lewis &
Clark Heritage Trail, and yet many residents of and visitors to the
city were hard-pressed to find information about the significance of
the area to the Corps of Discovery. Interpretive signs were few and
far between, and when they did exist, they were often historically
inaccurate. Furthermore, the few existing signs were not consistent
in their design and presentation of information. Specifically, the Rivers Project Manager:
• Clarified with site owners the improvements that would
be carried out at each site
• Coordinated with site owners from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Oregon State Parks and Recreation,
Oregon Fish and Wildlife, Metro, Portland Parks and
Recreation, Vancouver-Clark County Parks, and the
University of Portland, as well as with neighborhood
groups and representatives of nonprofit organizations
• Worked with a contractor to research, design, fabricate,
and install interpretive signs at each site
• Directly oversaw the construction of an overlook at one
site and the renovation of a history wall at another site
• Wrote grant proposals to raise funds for the signs and the
improvements
• Worked with a designer to create a map and brochure of
the Rivers Project sites to print and to post on LCBO’s
website
• Organized a dedication ceremony at Kelley Point Park for
the project; and
• Tracked spending on the project
Working in conjunction with LCBO, a Portland-area group
(Lewis & Clark 2005, Inc.) began in 1996 to plan for Portland/
Vancouver-area bicentennial activities. Chaired by Tom Walsh and
with the support of other civic leaders including Congressman Earl
Blumenauer and Senator Gordon Smith, they began discussions
on how to commemorate this region’s importance to the Corps
of Discovery’s journey. Ultimately they determined as their top
priority to provide information about historically important areas
along the Columbia, Willamette, and Sandy Rivers for generations
of Oregonians to come. Owners of land along the rivers—
including Oregon State Parks, Oregon Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Metro, the Port of Portland, and the University
of Portland—met with representatives of historical associations and
environmental groups to discuss the project. This project became
known as the “Rivers Project”.
25
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
As a result of these activities, the Rivers Project was fully funded,
and the Project’s goals were met. At the Rivers Project sites, tens
of thousands of people have read the interpretive signs and enjoyed
the views and access afforded by the improvements, and many
hundreds of thousands more will do so through the years to come.
communities and tribes could market their own commemoration
plans and collaborate with others. The Plan identified resources to
assist them, as well. Donated funds to the commemoration totaled
$166,000 in the 2001-2003 campaign and another $135,500 in
the 2004-2006 timeframe. One of the 14 sites, Post Office Lake, was eliminated from the
project in the spring of 2005 because the Columbia River had
eroded the site and it was closed to the public. As a result, LCBO
redirected some of the funds intended for this site for further
improvements at Rooster Rock, Dabney, Government Island, and
Lewis and Clark State Parks.
Another important partner for LCBO was the National Lewis and
Clark Bicentennial Council, located at the Missouri Historical
Society in St. Louis. In 2003, the National Ad Council agreed to
partner with the National Council and the Missouri Historical
Society to produce a multi-year national public service advertising
campaign. Launched in early December of that year, the campaign
featured television, radio, and print ads created pro bono by the
advertising agency Young & Rubicam. The goal of the campaign
was to educate Americans about the expedition and the Native
Americans it encountered and discover truths, ideals, and lessons
that could guide them in their own lives. Marketing the Bicentennial
LCBO’s marketing goal was to enhance tourism during the
bicentennial years by promoting Oregon’s commemorative efforts
regionally, nationally, and internationally. An overview of key
partners and their contributions follows. Additionally, in August of 2004, the Council’s Circle of Tribal
Advisors (COTA) won the endorsement of the Ad Council
for its own separate public awareness campaign emphasizing
culture understanding, respect for Native American cultural sites
and artifacts, environmental conservation, and native language
revitalization. Both campaigns directed people to the National
Council’s revamped website which served as a portal to the many
ways they could become involved in the commemoration before it
ends in September 2006, in St. Louis, Missouri. As of December
2004, the public awareness campaign had received $22 million in
donated media. In Oregon, the campaign had received more than
$189,000 in donated media, primarily through radio outlets in the
Portland market.
Travel Oregon served as LCBO’s primary marketing partner and to
that end laid out two plans of work spanning from 2001 to 2003,
and again from 2004 to 2006. Travel Oregon assisted LCBO in
developing a new website and logo and participated on federal,
state, and local committees to coordinate Oregon’s bicentennial
marketing, promotions, and tourism development
Early work with Travel Oregon included partnering with other
states along the Lewis and Clark trail in a marketing analysis by
PLOG Research in 2000 to determine potential visitor interest in
the bicentennial. From that work, Travel Oregon and the travel
commissions of Washington, Idaho, and Montana developed a
range of products, including:
• A consumer advertising campaign
• A public relations campaign to generate media coverage of
Lewis & Clark sites
• Activities and travel opportunities
• A bi-state brochure in cooperation with the Washington
Tourism Office, and the reproduction of an earlier LCBO
brochure, Lewis & Clark on the Columbia River
• A new LCBO website
• Marketing both domestic and international tour packages
Additional partners and their donated marketing efforts on behalf
of bicentennial programming are:
The Port of Portland supported the Lewis & Clark Explorer train
by hosting an inaugural press run from Portland to Astoria. The
Port also themed the Portland International Airport to Lewis &
Clark in the late summer of 2005, prior to our National Signature
Event that fall.
TriMet donated bus shelter ads and bus panel ads for both the
Lewis & Clark explorer train and the Oregon Historical Society
exhibit, worth approximately $238,000.
In late 2003, LCBO and Travel Oregon released an updated
plan reporting on their accomplishments to date, listing future
events and programs, and providing a framework through which
26
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Senator Betsy Johnson and Kevin LaCoste, US Bank, at the maiden run of the Lewis & Clark
Explorer Train, May 17, 2003.
The Oregonian newspaper published hundreds of articles on
the bicentennial planning process. Reporting included David
Sarasohn’s six-part series Undaunted Imagination as well as
hundreds of stories for their On the Lewis and Clark Trail series. The official website for LCBO, www.lcbo.net, promoted press
releases, partner programming and a rolling calendar of events,
along with other information about the organization and links
to its partners. Additionally, it linked with several Oregon
state agency home pages as well as the National Bicentennial
Council. Unique hits to the site grew exponentially after State
Parks revamped the site. The history of the site has been carefully
documented for archival purposes.
Community Newspapers, Inc., published a pull-out section
in their August 2005 publications, including the Sandy Post,
promoting as Encounter at Nicháqwli at Blue Lake Park. Oregon Parks & Recreation Department developed promotional
materials for the new Lewis & Clark National Historical Park,
of which Ecola State Park is a component. They also themed a
component of the Oregon State Fair to Lewis and Clark in both
2004 and 2005, giving LCBO the opportunity to further market
bicentennial activities.
LCBO distributed both statewide and individual partner brochures
– primarily in 2004 and 2005, to both large and small events like
the Bite of Oregon, the State Fair, trail county fairs, to smaller
events such as Encounter at Nicháqwli at Blue Lake Park, and Taste
of the Northwest at Bonneville Dam, to name but a few. Brochure
racks at Portland International Airport, the Portland Oregon
Visitor Association’s visitor center, State Welcome Centers, and
Convention & Visitors Information Centers were donated to
LCBO’s partners. LCBO distributed information in response to
civic, and private groups as well as individual requests. The Oregon Department of Transportation themed their 2005 official state map to Lewis & Clark, using special icons and shading
to identify the new Lewis & Clark National Historic Park sites as
well as promoting the LCBO website.
And finally, LCBO sponsored workshops at conferences; staff spoke
at civic and private groups interested in the bicentennial, and held
interviews for the national media such as National Public Radio
and regional radio stations.
The Travel Information Council themed two Welcome Center
training conferences to Lewis and Clark as well as worked in
cooperation with LCBO on the siting of Lewis & Clark trail
signage in advance of the bicentennial.
27
Su m m a ry of Si g ni f ica n t P r o g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or ation
Staffing LCBO
LCBO Produced Items:
• Planning, development, and initial operations of the
Living History Project in Clatsop County
• Planning and development of Tribal Programs
• Securing funding for the sustainability of the Columbia
River Basin programs
• Securing funding for a Trail Stewardship Program in the
Portland/Vancouver metropolitan area
• Funding LCBO coordination, administrative, and
fundraising costs and expenses
Prior to October 2002, LCBO relied on its partners for
administrative support. The Oregon Historical Society, the initial
leader in developing Oregon’s commemoration, lent LCBO a
part-time Executive Director, Ted Kaye, from 1996 to 2002. In
2002 when the Board expanded, Travel Oregon lent then-Assistant
Director, Julie Curtis, to serve as its interim Executive Director. Both organizations donated office space, equipment, telephones,
clerical support, and other necessary supplies needed to run the
organization. In the fall of 2002, Ms. Curtis returned to her fulltime position with the Tourism Commission and Barbara Allen
was hired as Director, becoming LCBO’s first full-time employee. Another strong partner in the bicentennial, Lewis and Clark
College, invited LCBO to make its home at the college through
June 2006, and Ms. Allen moved LCBO’s operations to the
campus in January 2003. Subsequently, LCBO hired contractors
as the Director of Development, the Rivers Project Manager,
Administrative Assistant, and the Explorer Train Marketing &
Operations Manager. LCBO Supported Items:
• Provide promotional support and some funding support
for twelve sanctioned events and programs as well as
developing a Small Grants Program for seed funding that
independent projects many apply for
• Support LCBO's role as a clearing-house for re-granting,
networking, resource coordination, and advocacy
LCBO also provided grant writing and fundraising help for other
organizations planning bicentennial activities.
Peripheral marketing components outside the purview of the
Tourism Commission were contracted on a case-by-case basis, such
as the official LCBO lapel pin and official Explorer Train lapel pin
and poster.
Soon after being hired, Executive Director Barbara Allen obtained
umbrella funding from the Meyer Memorial Trust for a variety
of key Lewis and Clark programs. She also wrote a successful
grant to the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust to fund a two-year
Development Director position. These two grants became the
foundation of LCBO’s fundraising for the three program areas
specified in the Strategic Plan.
Fundraising for the Bicentennial
Before 2002, the vast majority of funds LCBO raised or for
which it acted as a fiscal agent were used for strategic planning. In 2002, LCBO’s Board approved its Strategic Plan, dividing
fundraising into three program areas: (1) tribal projects; (2) legacy
and stewardship projects; and (3) community projects. The Board
agreed that LCBO would not directly raise funds for every Oregon
organization or group producing bicentennial programs and events. Instead, LCBO would directly support activities that it produced
and sanctioned, as listed below:
While the 2002 Strategic Plan estimated that LCBO would need
$12.5 million in cash plus an additional $5.2 million for a legacy
fund for sustainability programs, the budget was downsized to
reflect not only what could realistically be raised given the short
time frame. The new budget also took into account the reduced
scale of the Living History Program and the Columbia River Basin
programming. The final, revised four-year budget (July 1, 2002 through June 30, 2006) was adopted in December 2004 for.
$4.7 million.
28
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
The following charts summarize LCBO’s finances for the years
beginning July, 2002, through March, 2006, where the most
significant fundraising and expenditures took place. They include
funds that LCBO had a hand in raising but were given directly
to the project sponsors. They do not include the hundreds
of contributions made to bicentennial projects sponsored by
other organizations, including the Lewis & Clark Bicentennial
Association, which sponsored the Oregon-Washington national
signature event in November 2005.
LCBO focused its fundraising plan on attracting individual
and corporate donors and on writing grant proposals to local
foundations and government grant programs. To this end, LCBO’s
Development Committee Chair Les Bergeron worked with LCBO’s
Executive Director and Development Director, Deborah Kafoury,
to involve the Board’s rich pool of Lewis and Clark enthusiasts in
developing a list of prospective donors and pursuing gifts. LCBO
also collected annual dues from its partners and earned income
from the sale of LCBO lapel pins. The Board was kept up-to-.
date on LCBO’s progress through quarterly Development.
Reports outlining funds granted proposals in development.
and denied requests. REVENUE
July 2002 through March 2006
TOTAL
Federal and NPS pass through
710,934
State
773,240
Private1,281,667
Miscellaneous13,449
Membership dues15,550
LCBO-facilitated donations 250,170
In Kind
1,220,595
TOTAL 4,265,605
Another way LCBO helped to fund Lewis and Clark programs
was by administering two grants programs. One of these
programs, funded and co-administered with the Bonneville Power
Administration and OECDD, distributed $50,000 across the state
to a variety of programs. The other program, administered as a
partnership with the Oregon Heritage Commission, distributed
$300,000 to Lewis and Clark programs.
28.7%
The federal government also played a vital role in funding.
regional Lewis and Clark legacy projects. Oregon and.
Washington’s congressional delegations wrote and helped fund
two important pieces of Legislation. HR2643, entitled The Fort
Clatsop National Memorial Expansion Act of 2002, was sponsored
by Oregon Representative David Wu, passing both House and
Senate on April 18, 2002. House and Senate Bill HR3819, The
Lewis and Clark National Historical Park Designation Act, was
sponsored by Washington State Representative Brian Baird and
passed October 10, 2004. Subsequent federal appropriations
totaling $7 million and State of Oregon appropriations totaling
$1 million resulted in the acquisition of approximately 1,500 acres
adjacent to the Park as well as serving as a corridor for the new
Fort to Sea Trail. LCBO actively lobbied in support for both the
legislation and appropriations.
5.9%
.4%
16.7%
18.0%
30.0%
16.7% Federal
18.0% State
30.0% Private
.3% Misc. .4% Dues
5.9% LCBO
28.7% In Kind
.3%
EXPENDITURES
July 2002 through March 2006
NPS pass through
626,316
Program Support1,831,401
Administration 279,424
LCBO-facilitated expenditures250,170
In Kind
1,220,595
TOTAL 4,207,906
29.0%
5.9% 6.7%
Many federal agencies signed memoranda of understanding to
cooperate and share resources for the national commemoration. However, the National Park Service led the country in strategic
planning and financial support through its Challenge Cost Share
Program, matching 1:1 local support with federal dollars for
programming. Administered by their Lewis & Clark National
Historic Trail division in Omaha, Nebraska, LCBO served as the
pass-through agent to Oregon programs for $675,293 in CCS
funds from 1999 through 2005. BALANCE:
14.8%
43.6%
14.8% NPS
43.6% Program
6.7% Admin.
5.9% LCBO
29.0% In Kind
57,699*
* Does not reflect final 4th quarter (April-June, 2006) revenue and expenses due to printing deadlines. Projected final balance to be
refunded to donors is approximately $28,000.
29
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Supported Strategies Summary
Cathlapotle Plank House. A cooperative volunteer group,
spearheaded by the Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Committee of
Vancouver/Clark County in cooperation with the Chinook Nation
and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, constructed a Chinookanstyle cedar plank house at the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge
in Ridgefield, Washington, near the ancient village of Cathlapotle. The structure was dedicated March 29, 2005. LCBO’s Strategic Plan identifies “supported strategies” as programs
and projects that are developed in partnership with other local,
regional, or national entities and that have mass and diverse culture
appeal, ranging in programmatic content, and located throughout
the state. The Plan further identifies two distinct levels of support
for these programs: sanctioned programs and independent
programs. Sanctioned programs are activities and events that
LCBO’s Board of Directors voted as particularly worthy to be
highlighted in all LCBO promotions and marketing. Independent
programs—those programs not specifically sanctioned—would be
included in LCBO event calendars. The following is a summary
of sanctioned and of independent events in which LCBO played a
significant role promoting.
People of the River: Native Arts of the Oregon Territory. This
exhibition, which opened at the Portland Art Museum in January,
2005, was the first ever to focus specifically on the magnificent
arts and culture of the direct ancestors of tribal groups that today
live in the Umatilla, Yakama, Warm Springs, Grand Ronde, and
Chinook communities. In addition to objects from the Museum’s
Native American collection, the Museum borrowed objects and art
from the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian
Institution; the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; Burke
Museum, Seattle; and Maryhill Museum, among others. Sanctioned Events
Cargo Exhibit. The Columbia Gorge Discovery Center in The
Dalles brought to life the material goods, science, and technology
of the Lewis & Clark expedition through replicas and period pieces
representing the 30 tons of supplies required for the Corps’ journey. It opened at the Discovery Center in the spring of 2004 and will
continue through 2006. People of the River was also the focal point for comprehensive,
ongoing, educational outreach programming, including the
Discovery Project, an innovative education program that provides
a broad perspective on life in Oregon around the time of the Lewis
and Clark expedition. Initiated by the Portland Art Museum,
the collaborative Discovery Project brought K-12 school children
to Portland from underserved districts throughout Oregon to
participate in an intensive two-day program of active learning
experiences at the Museum, the Oregon Historical Society, the
World Forestry Center, the Oregon Zoo and other organizations. Lewis & Clark Explorer Train. This new passenger train service
ran between Portland and Astoria following the Columbia River
close to several historical sites that were visited by the original
Corps of Discovery. The service ran Friday through Monday
between Memorial Day and Labor Day in 2003, 2004, and 2005,
leaving Portland’s Linnton neighborhood at 7:50 a.m. for a fourhour ride and returning from Astoria at 4:45 p.m. The train was
operated by ODOT Rail and Portland & Western Railroad, with
LCBO contracting for the on-board service, marketing, and day-today operations. Living Culture Village at the Tamástslikt Cultural Institute. The Tamástslikt Cultural Institute, a museum and cultural
repository for the Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Cayuse Tribes of
the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, is the host
for the Living Culture Village. This permanent, outdoor exhibit
was dedicated in May 2005 to give visitors the opportunity to
experience Tribal culture and technologies. Tribal members skilled
in traditional crafts and arts discuss their activities with the visitors.
First-Person Interpretation at Fort Clatsop. The first-person
interpreter – or ‘living history’ program – trained actors to portray
members of the Corps of Discovery at Fort Clatsop. These actors,
in turn, educated and entertained visitors with reenactments of the
Corps’ daily life at the Fort and nearby Salt Camp in Seaside.
The Village includes several mini-encampments flowing in a
circular progression through time. Village staff interpreters treat
visitors to the sound and interpretation of the Native language,
as they present information. The immediacy of the experience
provides the opportunity for visitors to engage in extended
dialogue with the interpreters while learning about Tribal survival
technologies and traditions in much the same manner as the first
non-Indian visitors did. SOLV’s ‘Down by the Riverside’ Program. This annual statewide
waterway enhancement, cleanup, and appreciation project began
in 1996 after record flooding hit the state leaving behind tons of
debris. In 2005, SOLV’s volunteers cleaned up vast swathes of
both the Oregon and Washington sides of the Columbia River. That year, nearly 19,000 people participated, removing 1.2 million
pounds of garbage and over two tons of invasive species.
30
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
& Clark Bicentennial Council. Held from November 11 to 15,
2005, it was comprised of a series of events scheduled for sites
in Pacific County, Washington, and Clatsop County, Oregon to
commemorate Lewis and Clark’s journey to the Pacific Ocean. The major events included:
• A dramatic opening ceremony sponsored by the Oregon and
Washington National Guard at Fort Stevens State Park where
2,000 visitors heard welcoming speeches, participated in a tribal
honor dance and color guard representing 23 Native American
communities, and viewed a stunning video and military fly-over
• An event on the Astoria-Megler Bridge where 500 people participated in an extraordinary (wet and windy) experience on this
4-mile long expanse across the Columbia River
William Clark descendent Payton “Bud” Clark; George Drouillard reenactor Roger Wendlick; Oregon Historical Society President John Pierce;
opening night of the Lewis & Clark Exhibit at OHS November 14, 2005.
• Festival of the Pacific: Lewis and Clark Remembered, a colorful
exposition at the Clatsop County Fairgrounds that included an
impressive indoor botanical garden, a popular Kids Corps Activity Area where 25,000 hand-made beads created by members of
the community were given away, nearly two hundred exhibitors
and vendors, and an entertainment stage Fort To Sea Trail. Initially planned as part of the Fort Clatsop
replica built in the 1950s, the Trail’s construction took center
stage during the commemoration of the Corps’ winter spent at
Fort Clatsop in 1805. Federal, state, and regional governments
partnered with private companies and individuals to build the
6.5-mile trail. Running from the Fort Clatsop Visitor’s Center
to Sunset Beach in Warrenton, the Trail cuts through forest and
pastureland, under a highway, over and beside several streams and
rivers to culminate on a raised boardwalk over dune grass. Years of
effort to purchase the land as well as to design, engineer, and build
the Trail culminated in a dedication ceremony in November, 2005 at Sunset Beach. LCBO played a significant role in funding the
project.
• A lecture series, Ocian in View, consisting of speakers and.
panelists focused on history, cultural resource protection,.
Native American perspectives on Lewis & Clark, diplomacy.
and stewardship • Merry To The Fiddle, live music performances at the Liberty
Theater featuring the local talent of Brownsmead Flats and the
Beerman Creek String Band
• Corps of Discovery II opened November 7 and continued
through the Signature Event before moving to Seaside, Oregon,
to complete its visit to the Pacific Coast
Corps of Discovery II. ‘Corps II’, as it is commonly called, is
a traveling exhibit highlighting the tribes that Lewis and Clark
encountered along their journey. Sponsored by the National Park
Service, it’s composed of two tents: an exhibit space where visitors
use hand-held audio guides as they view pictures of the various
tribes the Corps of Discovery encountered 200 years ago; and The
Tent of Many Voices, a venue for artists, musicians, lecturers, etc. The Corps II tents are hosted along the Lewis & Clark Trail by
communities large and small and were scheduled in communities
roughly 200 years after the original Corps visited the areas. Corps
II’s final encampment will be at the last national signature event in
St. Louis, Missouri, in September 2006. • Dedication of the Fort To Sea Trail on November 14 that.
included an inaugural hike to Sunset Beach
• Re-Enactors at the Pacific gathered at Chinook County Park in
Washington, to pay homage to the Corps and their meeting of
the Chinook Tribe
• The Vote at the Pacific was commemorated on November 24 – where exactly 200 years ago the Corps, Sacagawea, and Clark’s
slave, York, voted to cross and examine the Columbia River for
winter quarters
• Additional events commemorating the Corps’ Wintering Over
took place each month starting in December and ending in
March 2006 with the gifting of a hand-carved paddle from
Destination: The Pacific to the Nez Perce
Destination: The Pacific. Destination: The Pacific is our region’s
only National Signature Event sanctioned by the National Lewis
31
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Lewis and Clark: The National Bicentennial Exhibition. The
Oregon Historical Society was the only museum on the west
coast to host the most comprehensive exhibit of Lewis & Clark
Expedition artifacts, artwork, and documents ever assembled. From November 11, 2005, when the exhibit opened, to its closure
four months later, over 125,000 people visited the exhibit.
Lewis & Clark Landscapes Project. The Trust for Public Land,
Friends of the Columbia Gorge, and the Sierra Club co-sponsored
a project to build public support for protecting Gorge open spaces
through federal land acquisition. Despite Congressional budget
restraints, they secured nearly $13 million to purchase 2,456 acres
of critical lands, including a likely Lewis & Clark campsite opposite
Memaloose Island. The project also advocated strict zoning for
land in the Gorge, resulting in less than 15 percent of 6,700 acres
being rezoned for greater development.
Children greeting the maiden run of the Lewis & Clark Explorer Train,
Astoria, Oregon.
Educational Programming at Lewis & Clark College. Yearly
symposia sponsored by Lewis & Clark College at various venues
in the Portland area, exploring the Expedition-related themes The
World of 1800, Encounters, Rivers, and Legacies. Lewis & Clark: Great Journey West. The Oregon Museum of
Science and Industry began airing this 45-minute IMAX film in
August, 2002, to great success. The show continues to be part of
the mix of programming for the IMAX Theater through 2006. Astoria Column Visitor’s Center. The Friends of Astoria
Column worked for several years to develop significant upgrades
to the Astoria Column and its grounds, as well as to construct a
visitor’s center on the site. Their goal, to have all the site upgrades
completed in 2005, was accomplished early with a community
dedication July 11, 2004.
Sacagawea Children’s Play. This original Oregon Children’s
Theater production kicked off Oregon’s bicentennial
commemoration in January, 2003, in Portland’s Keller Auditorium. Dignitaries, educators, parents, and children all concluded it a
complete hit. Accompanied by the Oregon Trail Band, this onehour production told of Sacagawea’s life along the trail to the
Pacific Ocean. The Confluence Project. This bi-state project involves placing
artist Maya Lin’s installations at the confluences of rivers the Corps
of Discovery traversed two hundred years ago. In Oregon and
Washington, those confluences include the Columbia and Sandy
Rivers, the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, and the Columbia
River and Pacific Ocean. The first art installation, a fish cleaning
station located at Cape Disappointment in Washington State,
was dedicated April 22, 2006. In Oregon, a bird blind and
wildlife viewing area is planned for the Sandy River Delta at the
confluence of the Sandy and Columbia Rivers. The bird blind will
be composed of evenly spaced planks inscribed chronologically
with the 122 species of birds and mammals classified by Lewis and
Clark. For more information, see www.confluenceproject.org.
Crew, Lewis & Clark Explorer Train.
32
Su m m a ry o f Si g ni f ica nt P ro g r a m mi n g for
Orego n ’ s L e wi s & Cla r k Bice nt e n n ia l C om m e m or atio n
Independent Events
LCBO helped to market a wide range of
Lewis and Clark-related events, programs,
and activities over the years. The following
list of programming is by no means
exhaustive:
The Literature of the Lewis and Clark
Expedition, Lewis & Clark College’s.
traveling exhibit at Tamástslikt Cultural
Institute, Pendleton and the Oregon
Historical Society.
The Troutdale Historical Society published
Q for Quicksand, a book for children about
the Corps of Discovery’s exploration of the
Sandy River area. The book accompanied
the Society’s Lewis & Clark Exhibit entitled
Quicksand & Condors, which opened In
July 2003.
Wildlife Tales: Rediscovering Wildlife along
the Lewis & Clark Trail, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service’s innovative exhibit focused
on delivering educational and provocative
interpretation of the fish and wildlife
encountered by Lewis and Clark, what
has happened to those species and their
habitats in the intervening 200 years, and
what USFW is doing today to conserve and
manage those species and their habitats. Housed in a 20 x 30 foot tent, this standalone traveling exhibit accompanied the
National Park Service’s Corps of Discovery II
traveling exhibit to observances in Idaho,
Oregon and Washington during 2005.
and 2006. Museum in Bend, Oregon. The exhibit
traces America’s ever-changing ambitions
and perspectives of the far west through a
collection of maps, instruments, specimens,
and voices of those who picked up where
Captains Lewis and Clark left off. The
exhibition explores themes of Manifest
Destiny, travel, making the west a home,.
and use of resources.
Creations: 13th Annual Tribal Member Art
Exhibit at Confederated Tribes of the Warm
Springs Museum, Warm Springs.
Native American Villages and the Corps of
Discovery: The Columbia-Willamette Rivers
Junction at Portland International Airport,
2003 to 2006. An interpretive exhibit
exploring the region’s Native American
communities and their interactions with
Lewis and Clark.
Oregon, My Oregon, new, permanent
exhibit, Oregon Historical Society. One area
is devoted to the Lewis & Clark Expedition.
Oregon Public Broadcasting’s 13-part radio
series New Voices on the Journey: The Lewis
& Clark Expedition. Unfinished Journey: The Lewis and Clark
Expedition, a nationally-aired 13-part radio
series and companion DVD produced by
Lewis & Clark College and Oregon Public
Broadcasting.
River mapping below Bonneville: Lower
Columbia River Estuary Partnership.
Mission Mill Museum in Salem themed
their 2005 Speaker Series on the bicentennial. Events included a kick-off concert
by the Trail Band, ‘Sacagawea’ living history
by Joyce Hunsaker, ‘Weapons of the Lewis
& Clark Expedition’ by Mike Carrick, and
a lecture on the expedition by historian
Stephen Dow Beckham.
Rivers and the American Experience: From
Lewis and Clark to the Bonneville Dam, an
institute for teachers conducted by Oregon
Humanities Council and Lewis & Clark
College.
Umatilla County Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Steering Committee’s ‘signature’
event at Hat Rock, including a flotilla
through the McNary Dam Locks, a
living history program, guided walks, and
the dedication of the Lewis and Clark
Commemorative Trail in the spring of 2005. Fort to Sea Trail Dedication, Sunset Beach
in November 2005, near Astoria, Oregon.
Re-enactors at the Pacific. Chinook
County Park, Chinook, Washington. They Still Speak to Us and Yesterday, Today
and Tomorrow at The Museum at Warm
Springs.
Pútimt uymitat putáaptit ku paxáptit, Treaty
of 1855 Exhibit at the Tamástslikt Cultural
Institute.
River mapping above Bonneville: Army
Corps of Engineers, Portland Office. The Discovery Expedition of St. Charles.
reenactor’s from Missouri, performed at
several venues along the Columbia River in
2005 an 2006. Salmon, Horses & Hospitality: The Corps of
Discovery in Our Camp events at Tamástslikt
Cultural Institute. Jack Daniel Distillery presents the Lewis &
Clark Bicentennial Special Blend and Bottling
at Blue Lake Regional Park, Portland. From Lewis & Clark to the Treaty Council at
Tamástslikt Cultural Institute. The Mark O. Hatfield Distinguished
Historians Forum at Oregon Historical
Society in Portland featuring James Ronda
on Lewis & Clark. Official Handover to the Nez Perces.
Tamástslikt Cultural Institute. The Con-.
federated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian
Reservation officially handed over custody
of the Corps of Discovery II in April 2006
to the Nez Perce Tribes, who were the next
American Indian hosts for the Park.
Service exhibit. The Summer Ranger Program at Fort Clatsop
begins at the new Fort. Astoria, Oregon. 1855 Walla Walla Treaty Council
Sesquicentennial commemorative events. The Eternal Thread (Maori textiles and
feather work exhibit) at the Confederated
Tribes of the Warm Springs Museum, .
Warm Springs. They Still Speak to Us at The Museum at
Warm Springs. ‘Snuggly fixed in their huts’ A Bicentennial
Christmas living history program at.
Fort Clatsop.
Encounter at Nichaqwli – a one-day
event at Blue Lake Park sponsored by the
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde. Lewis & Clark New Year’s Eve Costume Ball
at the Oregon Historical Society. Exploring the Far West 1806-2006: The
Legacy of Lewis and Clark at the High Desert
33
“The Current of the Multnomar
is as jentle as that of the
Columbia glides Smoothly with
an eavin surface, and appears
to be Sufficiently deep for
the largest Ship”
William Clark describing the St. Johns Bridge
area on the Willamette River, then called
the Multnomah River, April 2, 1806
34
concl u sio n
What is it about the Lewis and Clark story that has inspired countless
movies, books, symposia, paintings, music, living interpreters, cookbooks, clothing,
hunting gear, jewelry, stage plays, proclamations, commemorative events, and even
operas? Two hundred years after the Corps’ historic trek to the Pacific Ocean, why
is 21st-century America captivated by the story? More the point, what has Lewis and
Clark come to mean to Oregonians?
The preceding report scrutinizes the various national and regional organizers, their goals,
and their accomplishments, but leaves these questions to be examined in the years to
come. But several important stories were told to give us a more realistic understanding
of the politics of our nation under Jefferson—his motivation to undertake this mission,
the Corps’ day-to-day life (and hardships) in 1805-1806, and, most importantly,
a better understanding of the cultures they encountered in their journey and their
subsequent dissemination as the United States expanded westward.
The bicentennial in Oregon spanned eight years, countless planning meetings, millions
of dollars, and hundreds of events and products in the hopes of educating, entertaining,
and stimulating the imaginations of its citizens. Thousands of school children in Oregon
were touched through Explorer Trunk visits to their schools by the Oregon National
Guard, participated in on-line learning sessions through the Oregon Historical Society,
or had the opportunity to tour Fort Clatsop or the Lewis & Clark National Exhibit
at the Historical Society. Newspapers and magazines ran countless articles recounting
events and parsing the historical (and current) politics of the commemoration.
Many Oregonians may remember our commemoration as “Lewis & Clark’s Excellent
Adventure” but the LCBO Board of Directors, partners, and volunteers should be
incredibly proud to have produced historically accurate, meaningful events and lasting
legacies which gave a fresh perspective on the story of the Corps journey, the tribes they
encountered, and the momentous results that followed as we continue to reconcile the
past and plan for the future of our state and nation.
35
. . . ”the only desireable situation
for a settlement which I have
seen on the West side of the
Rocky mountains.”
Meriwether Lewis, along the Columbia
in the Portland area, March 30, 1806
36
App e n dice s
Project Contributors
Individuals, Groups, Organizations, Companies, and Foundations
Hundreds of individuals, groups, organizations, companies, and foundations have
contributed their resources to make the bicentennial possible. This list does not include
contributions made to bicentennial programming sponsored by other organizations. 40-Mile Loop Land Trust
AAA of Oregon-Idaho
Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians
Alder Creek Kayak & Canoe
Amaryllis Clothing
American Rivers
American Youth Hostels
Artists Repertory Theatre
Astoria-Warrenton Area Chamber of .
Commerce
Astoria-Warrenton Chamber of Commerce
Autzen Foundation
Bank of America
Bank of Astoria
Bank of the West
Barney & Worth
Barry & Vickie Barrett
Charlotte Beeman
Les Bergeron
Bonneville Power Administration
Bowpicker Fish & Chips LLC
Brand Oregon
Rich Brown
Bryant, Lovlien & Jarvis
Neil Bryant
Burger King #6047
CFSWW/Nierenberg Fund
Cathlapotle Plankhouse Project
Celilo Group
Chinook Tribal Nation
Circle of State Advisors
Circle of Tribal Advisors
City of Astoria
City of Irrigon
City of Vancouver
Bud Clark
Clatskanie
Clatsop County
Clatsop County Genealogical Society
Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes
Clef d’Or
Columbia County Historical Society
Columbia Gorge Discovery Center
Columbia Inn
Columbia Memorial Hospital
Columbia Plateau Museum Association
Columbia River Bar Pilots
Columbia River Gorge National.
Scenic Area
Columbia River Maritime Museum
Columbia Riverkeepers
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde
Indian Reservation
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs.
Indian Reservation
Confluence Project
Conservation Fund
Crest Motel
Cycle Oregon
David Evans & Associates
Kim Duncan
Eastern Oregon Visitors Association
Fifteen Mile Corporation
Finn Ware
Fishhawk Fisherier of Alaska, Inc.
Fort Stevens State Park
Friends of Astoria Column, Inc.
Friends of the Columbia Gorge
Friends of Vista House
Garibaldi Museum
Georgia Pacific Consumer Products
Gilmore Fund of the Oregon.
Community Foundation
Gorge Trust
Gregory & Rita Hamann
Keith Hay
37
Hermiston Convention and Visitors.
Bureau
High Desert Museum
Historic Trails Fund of the Oregon.
Community Foundation
Hood River County Chamber of.
Commerce and Visitors Council
Hood River County Historical Museum
Hood River Hotel
Jack Daniel Distillery
James F. & Marion L. Miller Foundation
Jeld-Wen Foundation
Robert & Lilian Johnson
Jonathon’s Ltd.
Jubitz Fund of the Oregon Community
Foundation
Kinsman Foundation
Kiss the Cook LLC
Gary Lewin
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association
Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Committee.
– Clark County, Washington
Lewis & Clark College
Lewis & Clark Congressional Caucus
Lewis & Clark National Historic Park
Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation,.
National & Oregon Chapters
Robert Liberty
Link’s Outdoor, Inc.
Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership
Lower Columbia Tourism Council
M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust
Maryhill Museum of Art
Les McNary
Merrill Lynch
METRO
Meyer Memorial Trust
Milton-Freewater Chamber of Commerce
Morrow County Lewis & Clark.
Bicentennial Committee
Multnomah County
National Assembly of State Arts.
Associations
National Coast Trail Association
National Historic Oregon Trail.
Interpretive Center, Baker City
App e n dice s
National Lewis & Clark Bicentennial
Council
Roger Nelson
New Northwest Broadcasters
Nike Foundation
Northwest Discovery Water Trail
Northwest Habitat Institute
Northwest Natural Gas
Northwest Oregon Economic Alliance
Northwest Regional Education Laboratory
NW Oregon Economic Alliance
Office of Coastal Zone Management
Old Town Framing
Oregon Army National Guard
Oregon Bankers Association
Oregon Children’s Theater
Oregon Chorale
Oregon Council for the Humanities
Oregon Cultural Trust
Oregon Department of Administrative.
Services
Oregon Department of Education
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
Oregon Department of Parks & Recreation
Oregon Department of Transportation,.
Rail Division
Oregon Economic and Community
Development Department
Oregon Forest Resources Institute
Oregon Heritage Commission
Oregon Historical Society
Oregon Jewish Community Foundation.
- Nierenberg Fund
Oregon Museum of Science and Industry
Oregon Public Broadcasting
Oregon State Capitol
Oregon State Fair
Oregon State Historic Preservation Office
Oregon State Marine Board
Oregon State University
Oregon Tourism Commission
Oregon Trail Coordinating Council
Oregon Trails State Volkswalk Association
Oregon Travel Information Council
Oregon Zoo
Chet Orloff
P & L Johnson Mechanical
Pacific Rim Gallery
PacifiCorp Foundation for Learning
Pendleton Chamber of Commerce
Cheryl Perrin
Pier 11
Pig N Pancake
Polk Riley’s Printing
Port of Portland
Portland Art Museum
Portland Garden Club
Portland Opera
Portland Oregon Visitors Association
Portland Parks and Recreation
Portland Rotary
Portland State University
Portland Street Car
Michael Powell
Red Lion Hotel
Regence Blue Cross Blue Shield
James & Sharon Richards
Thron Riggs
Rose E. Tucker Charitable Trust
Rural Development Initiatives, Inc.
Salem World Beat Festival
SCAT Transportation
Sealanes, LLC
Secretary of State, State of Oregon
Silver Salmon Grille
Snow Family Foundation
Sokol-Blosser Winery
SOLV
Wayne & Kim Stolz
Sundial Travel
Sustainable Northwest
The Bite of Portland
The Coca-Cola Company
The Collins Foundation
The Daily Astorian
The Dalles Area Chamber of Commerce
38
The Elliott Hotel
The Oregon Garden
The Samuel S. Johnson Foundation
The Ship Inn
B.G. James Thayer
John & Mary Torjusen
Davis Wright Tremaine
TriMet
Troutdale Area Chamber of Commerce
Troutdale Historical Society
Trust Management Services LLC
Tuality Health Alliance
Unversity of Portland
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
U. S. Bureau of Land Management
U. S. Department of Transportation
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U. S. Forest Service
U. S. National Park Service
Umatilla County Lewis & Clark.
Bicentennial Committee
Umatilla County Museum
US Bank
Vancouver-Clark Parks and Recreation
George Waer
Walker Family Foundation.
Tom Walsh
Washington County Historical Society
Wells Fargo
Roger Wendlick
WestCoast Hospitality Corporation
Wet Dog Café
White Bird
Valerie White
Wildhorse Resort
Wild West Gallery
Willamette Riverkeepers
Willis Van Dusen
Wisdom of the Elders
World Forestry Center
Youell Fund of the Oregon.
Community Foundation
App e n d ice s
L C B O B O ARD OF DI RE C T ORS
Honorary Chair
The Honorable Ted Kulongoski, Governor
President
The Honorable Betsy Johnson, Oregon State Senate
Officers
Keith Hay, Oregon Chapter LCTHF, First Vice-President
Dick Basch, Clatsop-Nehalem Tribes, Second Vice President
Chet Orloff, History Works, Secretary
Tom Walsh, Tom Walsh & Co. Treasurer
Board Members
Les Bergeron
Gert Boyle, Columbia Sportswear
Bud Clark
Bobbie Conner, Tamastslikt Cultural Center
Joe D’Alessandro, Portland Oregon Visitors Association
Kim Duncan, Tri-Met
George Forbes
Steve Forrester, Daily Astorian
Gerry Frank
Bill Hansell, Umatilla County
Ken Karsmizki, Columbia Gorge Discovery Center
Debby Kennedy, Brand Oregon
Tim Martinez, Oregon Bankers Association
Les McNary, Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association
Jan Mitchell, Destination: The Pacific
Warne Nunn, Meyer Memorial Trust
John Pierce, Oregon Historical Society
Louie Pitt Jr., Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs
John Porter, AAA Oregon-Idaho
Nancy Steuber, OMSI
BG James Thayer, Sr., Civilian Liaison to Secretary of the Army
Ex-Officios
The Honorable Victor Atiyeh
The Honorable Earl Blumenauer
The Honorable Bill Bradbury, Secretary of State
The Honorable Peter DeFazio
The Honorable Mark Hatfield
The Honorable Darlene Hooley
Supt. Chip Jenkins, Lewis & Clark National Historic Park
The Honorable John Kitzhaber Adj. Gen. R. F. Rees, Oregon National Guard
The Honorable Barbara Roberts
The Honorable Gordon Smith
The Honorable Greg Walden
Tim Wood, Oregon Parks & Recreation Department
The Honorable David Wu The Honorable Ron Wyden
LCBO Staff
Barbara Allen, Executive Director
Angela Sanders, Rivers Project Manager & Development Staff
Deborah Kafoury, Development Director
Cathy Peterson, Development Staff
Susan Trabucco, Explorer Train Operations & Marketing Manager
Charles Barker, Explorer Train Concessioneer
Whatever Endeavor, Merchandiser
Michele Neary, Barney & Worth, Webmaster
Former LCBO Board Members
Neil Bryant, Bryant, Lovlien & Jarvis
Adj. Gen. Raymond Byrne, Oregon National Guard
Michael Carrier, Oregon Parks & Recreation Department
Julie Curtis, Oregon Tourism Commission
Peter Gray
LaRee Johnson, Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association
Michael Mooney, Lewis & Clark College
Nolee Olson, Affiliated Tribes of the Northwest Indians
Norma Paulus, Oregon Historical Society
Jay Rasmussen, Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
39
Rock Fort Campsite The Corps established a defensive position
42
here on both the outbound and return journeys. Interpretive signs.
The Dalles Murals At several locations in the downtown area,
43
large murals depict Lewis & Clark's arrival and the Indian trading
center at Celilo.
Horsethief Lake State Park Here the Corps camped, after
44
running the "Narrows", and visited an Indian village where Clark
counted 20 wooden houses. Interpretive signs and tours of many
Indian petroglyphs (by appointment), including "She Who Watches".
Hood River County Historical Museum Displays of Indian
39
from the Plains to the Pacific. Visitor center and guided tour train.
Memaloose State Park Named for the offshore island used by
40
41
under water. Interpretive signs.
Columbia Gorge Discovery Center Includes the
hi
Wasco County Historical Museum. Lewis & Clark
exhibits and outdoor trail.
GOLDENDALE
teS
97
a l m o n R.
HOOD
39
RIVER
30
l
21 Oct.
LYLE
WISHRAM
24 Oct.
28 Oct.
41
19-20
Apr.
Browns
Island
44
45
42 THE 43
The Dalles
Dam
47
Miller
Island
BIGGS
46
97
schute
25-27 Oct.
15-18 Apr.
21 Apr.
22-23 Oct.
14
Memaloose
Island
48
John Day
Dam
De
Continued on
other side
40
K
ROOSEVE
197
DALLES
TENINO
s
R.
WASCOPUM
LEGEND
Dam
I-84
30
14
5 Nov.
26 Mar.
YAKAMA
Interstate Highway
U.S., State Highway
Route and Campsites -Eastward 1806
Clark's search for the Willamette -April 1806
Route and Campsites Westward 1805
Native Homelands
Mapping by Cartographer-at-Large, Art by Roger Cooke, Text by Ted Kaye. January 2001 Edition.
Published with the support of the National Park Service and the Oregon Heritage Commission.
© 2001 Lewis & Clark Bicentennial in Oregon 1200 SW Park, Portland, OR 97205
20 Oct.
24 Apr.
14
ic
.
Ck e
n
eri
14 Apr.
I-84
22 Apr.
kit
r
Cath
ck
C k.
M
ajo
at
Ro
WHITE
SALMON
35
Celilo Park The Corps portaged around these great falls, now
46
early Indians as a burial ground and described by Lewis & Clark, who
called it "the Sepulchar Island". Interpretive wayside on I-84.
W
The Dalles Dam This area was the center of trade for tribes
45
artifacts including Klickitat baskets.
23 Apr.
Columbia
I-84
30