S U G G E STI O N S
to I N S T R U C T O R S
On
a
C o u r s e i n C i t i z e n s hi p a nd
Lang uag e Adapt ed to Adult s
Hav i ng Litt l e C o mm a n d o f
E ng li sh Who are Appl ic ant s
for C itiz en shi p
Bas ed
\
Na t ura liz a t ion Fo rm s,
’
S t u d e n t s T e x t b o o k , e t c , wit h
Lesso ns a dap t e d t o t he Ch ic ago
S tan dp o in t
on
.
P r ep
C H I CAG
O
a re d
B O AR D
fo
r
O F E D U C AT I
ON
S u g g e st io ns
to
on
I n s t r u c t o rs
d L ang u ag e
fl dap ted to A du lts H a v in g L ittl e
C om m an d of E n g l is h Who
a r e A pp l ic a n ts for
C it iz e n ship
a C ou r s e in C it iz e n ship
an
El
B as ed o n N a tu ra l iz a tio n Form s
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S tu den t s
T ex tb oo k
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w i th
L ess o ns Ada p ted to the C hic a go
S ta ndpo i n t
P r ep a r e d for C hic ag o B o a rd
C OPYRIG HT 1 92 1
RV
of
E duc at io n
S UM M ARY
P ages
P urpose
of the M emorandum
O bjec ts o f th Course
M ethods
M ethods Civics
5
6 7
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A D D IT ION A L LESS ON M A T E R IA L
9 l6
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9
Weather H eal th
9
M aterials tools operations occupations
IO
H ouse and lot parts arranged structurally
Il
H w to get around town
N ewspapers use o f in the class room
lI
ll
T distingui h certain words in civics
l2
A merican I nventions
Common phra es of comparison and contrast to build up a vocabulary l 2
M oney : Its purpose and use ; A merican money the soundest
l3 l4
Lines S urfaces S olids
P osition direction relation f m magni
tude S tudy o f a borg in relation theret
14 15
Interesting mechanical principles
l6
L E S S ON I
P reliminaries class work key based on U S N atural
i ti n Form N o 22 l 4
l6 l 7
L E S S ON 2
Where we live ; we li e in a City and in
S ame form
a Country that was laid out on one plan
19 2]
LE SS ON 3
O ccupations in same form
22 23
L ESS ON 4
S ame form
Further information required on applying
for naturalization
24
LE SS ON 5
C H ICA G O T O H E R N E W N E IG H BO R S FR O M
T H E O LD C O U N T R Y
25
A n address o f welcome
LE S S ON 6
O U R C IT Y
A PP L I E D C IV IC S
First L esson A Glass of Water
26 28
LA W : Written U nwritten
LE SS ON 7
A R ule
Z9
O U R C IT Y S tudy continued D R A I N A G E
30
30
A DVA N T A G ES O F G O V E R N M E N T
O U R C IT Y Continued
V arious D epartments T h
L E S S ON 8
C IT Y C H A R T E R
Board o f E ducation
A ppropriations
P arks Chicago a S eaport
3 1 33
CO U N T Y GOVE R N M E N T
LESS ON 9
34 35
S tate Courts in and for Cook County
35
T he S tat s A ttorney D U T Y O F C IT IZ E N S T O A SS IST
35
Forest P reserves
35
L ES S ON 1 0
S T A TE G O V E R N M E N T
36
LE SS O N I I
S tate Government Continued :
T h Capital S pringfield and Lincoln
37
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G OV E R N M E N T
38
Federal Government Continued
LES S ON 1 3
39
R easons for division of powers
M p S tudy O ur location and its importance in deter
LE SS ON 1 4
mining the development of this community
40
O ur H olidays O ur Flag and Flag E tiquette N ational A nthem
40
L E S S ON l 5
S uggestions for reading material
4]
'
A merica s strength springs from the good citizenship o f all classes and
origin s
4l
Completion o f th work ; u mg additional material on
LE SS ON l 6 2 0
pages 9 1 6
42 44
E xamination o f students ; preparing exam i nat i on lips in advance
LE SS ON
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FE D E R A L
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JUN
to
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P U R P O SE
THE
O F T H IS M E M O RA N D U M
gives appropriate material selected by the test that it
must relate to important needs or interests o f men Instructors have hereto fore
been seriously handicapped by l ack o f suitable material Much o f this material
should be o f permanent practical value to the student A discrimin ating use o f
this material according to th capacity of the class hould contribute much to th
use fulness and success of these classes
In the selection of Civics material a conscientious e ffort is m ade to refrain
from placing before these students in the name o f civics a large cold plate o f
unassimilable bones gleaned from our political anatomy or to hold up this skeleton
as an adequate demonstration o f the subst ance and spirit of our life as a people
M A T E R IA L
It
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to these special students
In Language
A pproved methods exemplified and emphasized
In Civics
R educes to a minimum lessons by rote and aims to preserve th
natural mental processes of these men ; that is
By proceeding from and ut ilizing what is already known or building up a
fund of information on th subject in the classroom practice by talk
ing about it b y inquiry and discussion
By giving opportunity for th principles in this material to crystallize out o f
it automatically so far a s possible and reveal themselves to the student
By giving opportunity for weighing these principles in order that approval
thereo f may be based upon the student s individual judgment By
this process these principles are more likely t become personal con
v i ti n
that will prompt the prospective citizen to action in the dis
charge o f civic duty T his is the return that this community h a
right to demand from these classes in exchange for their m aintenance
It is hoped that the student will take with him from these courses the
knowledge
T hat our government ( City County S tate N ation ) has been wisely
planned and e ffectively carried out ; it is a good system has stood every
test
T hat government gives much that is indispensable and convenient and o ffers
th only workable device to attain these objects
T hat all government ( i
th p ople ) is a silent partner in every life and
in almost every a ffair of life ; that citizens are all partners and sharers
o f each other s products or achievements and that th injury o f one is
an injury to all
T hat new i t i zens have the same ri ghts
nd the same obligations as other
citizens ( except that o f becoming P resident ) ; that it is the origi nal
co mpact o f the D eclaration o f life fortune and sacred honor
ME TH O DS
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A dapted
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I
O B J E C T S O F T H E C O U R SE
‘
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Knowledge of
Federal ;
benefits derived from government City County S tate and
the important functions o f government
2
Knowledge of the power of government the responsibilities of its o ffi cers nd
its citizens
E lementar y knowledge o f the machinery nd mechanics of gove rnment
3
nd pride in th honor ideals and
D evelopment of civic consciousness
4
progress o f our City S tate and N ation and o f A mericans
5
A bility to understand and speak the A merican language
6
A bility to read simple matter
7
A n applicant for citizenship m ust be able to write hi full
A bility to write
original name and any other name he may have assumed
8
A dvice concerning naturalization and assistance with naturalization forms
T h foregoing to quali fy th student for the diploma issued jointly by th
Bureau o f N aturalization o f the U nited S tates D epartment o f L a b or and th
Board o f E ducation upon examination by a represe ntative o f the U nit d S tates
N aturaliz ation S ervice
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II
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S P E C I A L C L A SS O F ST U D E N TS U S U A LL Y
R E A C H E D I N T H E SE C O U R SE S
S ome
of the characterist ics of student s in these classes must be continually
before the mind o f the instructor
U sually their principal mot ive i n attending the class is to secure the
I
educational qualifications for citizenship T his is what u ually draws and holds
them ; and failure to give this subj ect adequate attenti o n is usually reflected in
immediate loss of interest and o f attendanc A ssistance with naturalization for ms
and advice which can be obtained through th naturalization se rv i ce will be
appreciated by th students
2
T hey are volunte r student and can only be held by interest in the class
work by hope o f accomplishment through encouragement and confidence in
e fficiency o f A merican institutions will be partially formed by their experience in
these classes
3
T hey are persons w h to a large extent have failed to acquire use o f
our language or an understanding of our inst itutions even a fter long residence
here T hey there fore lack confidence in themselves and in the means o f in tru
tion T hey require much n u g em nt ; and to that end the method o f in t u
tion and its application should be so strikingly e ffective that th student will take
new hope and make real progress T h earnest mute appeal of these men for
instruction is pathetic It is a clear challenge to the community to th schools and
to the instructor
If you have a good country go od laws explain them to me ;
others tell me that your country and laws are bad and I can t fi gure it out myself
If you really have the skill to teach a grown man your language in the reasonable
length o f time I can devote to it show me I crave to understand what is going on
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T a greater degree than in most classes
about me and to do my part in it
these students expect and respond to leadership on the part of the instructor ; his
relation to the class is anything but perfunctory
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students are extremely di ffident T heir lack o f con fidence to use
our language or dread of being l aughed at has become more or less o f a fixed
idea T he fact that they were not ce rt ain they could say a thing correctly has
deterred them from making experiments in the use o f our language It is likely to
b e n o f th most use ful results o f th course that they will acquire a foundation
o f words and sentence forms memorized by diligent class practice that they will
know are correct and in which they will have su fficient confidence to venture to use
th m herea fter and which will form the basis for a more general knowledge and
use o f the language
4
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M ET H O D S
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Most o f these students have been here a number of years and have acquired
a considerable fund o f information T he aggregate information o f the class
covers a wide range It is therefore entirely practicable for the instructor to
draw from the class by appropriate questioning the particular idea in civics we
will say that he desires to present T h various steps will be about as follows
I
! uestioning by the instructor to elicit th desired idea including fur ther
questioning to cor rect erroneous statements th instructor acting as
and leader o f the discussion
b it
T he inst ructor to supplement what may be necessary , and make a clear
2
brief statement o f the proposition
T h instructor to write it on the blackboard ; the students to read it
3
and repeat it until it is practiced by all
T h students to copy the sentences at the end o f the session
4
5
T h work not to be hurried beyond the capacity o f the stu dents to
assimilate it
6
T h work o f the preceding session to be brie fly reviewed at the beginning
of each succeeding session
It is believed that the foregoing rep resents th best practice for most o f the
work with this particular class o f students and th at experience will show that it is
desirable to depart from it for exceptional reasons only Generosity with gestures
and simple sketches is recommended
T h success o f this plan appears to be based on some o f the following
n
siderations
T h student is given an opportunity to tell what he knows ; his judgment is
appealed to and consulted ; al though his individual fund of information is being
corrected and enlarged and his powers o f expression exercised it is not present d
to him in the form o f a lesson to be memorized and recited T h stu dent s atten
t ion di fficult to hold a fter a day s work is excited and stimulated by th actual
development o f ideas in whi c h he has a part and which are built up by the skill
o f the instructor nd th plan he has in mind into a perfect whole of real import
ance and significance T hese students are very quick to recognize and to show
their appreciation for well planned instruction skillfully applied U nder any other
conditions they be come listless discouraged and irregular in attendance
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most o f the class work were presented in the form o f a lecture by the
instructor even in th simplest t erms th att ntion o f these students would be
absorbed in the auditory problem o f distinguishing spoken words ; if t e matter
were presented in the form o f a text to be read their minds would be similarly
preoccupied with the mechanical di fficulty o f distinguishing words inst ead o f wi th
the idea to be conveyed O f course such ear and eye training is an essential part
of their course but it is bes t given in very short installments one sentence at a
time and accompanied by practice in oral expression th great aid to memory
in accordance with the plan above outlined
T hese class es must be dist inguished by continuous and active response
between student and instructor b y oral concer t work question and answer allotted
to di fferent tudents or rows o f students etc , to insure th active participation of
the class and to overcome th di ffi d nce of certain students Without this active
participation these students have di fficulty in k eping their mind on their work
A ny tendency to taper o ff class participation must be carefully controlled as it is
likely to lead to dissipation of class attention which will require undesirable
expenditure o f time and en rgy on the part of the instructor to restore ; i t must
be watched during reading and writing exercises
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C] V! C S T hese men are not accustomed to learn about things through
abstract ideas or by formula T h subject of civics is there fore to be presented
from the standpoint o f th concrete evidences of th bene fits it insures beginning
with the city government and proceeding by connected steps to the county state
and nation al government H owever in this progre ssive s tudy from local govern
ment to national Constitution it will increase interest and understanding if reference
is made from time to time to pertinent phrases o f the D eclaration o f Independence
and paragraphs of our N ational Constitution etc in the s tudent s textbook ; the
letters S T with page etc will indicate such reference and the instructor will no
doubt fi nd other appropriate occasions for such reference to our suprem laws for
the information o f th student as the work proceeds ; reference is also made to
quotations by number for th use o f student or instruct or if these are made
available It is hoped that the instructor will find timely allusion s to the principles
and sentiments of A mericans embodied in these documents a real stimulus to class
work
T h subject of government city county state and federal is therefore to
be presented entirely from the standpoint o f it p ro duc ts ; not from the standpoint
of its machinery or mechanics a method that has been all too prevalent T he
machinery and mechanics will complete the study of the di fferent political divisions
as the means by whi c h the will of th people is put into e ffect T h id s b a k of
ur g v rnm nt fi r t
th t it is nec s ry ; s o nd that it is de sir b l and con
ni nt ; third that it is the expression o f high p urp se and o f high ideals th wi ll
"
of th
p e p le ; f urth that it is a live or die sink or swim su rvive or pe rish
p rtn r hip o f all u people should develop and become convictions to these
students under the leadership o f the instructor
T he instructor o f these citizenship classes h an unparalleled opportunity to
light th understanding of these new citizens on these points to kindle their
enthusiastic support o f them N o such favorable opportu nity is likely to be again
presented ; it is an unescapable duty to utilize it to the fullest T h characteristic
feature o f class room practice suggested question a nd answer lends itsel f p u
li rly to this important part of the course to appeals to their judgment on these
points o f our basic principles ; it o ffers an opportunity for the students to express
their d o ubts or c ntrary ideas upon w hich the judgment of the class may be
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sa fely trusted on the theory that I may want something for mysel f you may want
something for yoursel f but the majority or all together we want only what is
best for all
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LIV E O R D IE S I N K O R S W I M
PA R T N E R S H I P o f all A mericans
S U R V IV E O R P E R IS H
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What is usually referred to as the D l r ti n of I nde p nde n is itsel f
simply entitled
the
unanimous
D ec l r ti n o f the thirteen U nited S tates o f
"
both in th heading and in the body o f that instrument and while
A merica
independence and due n tice to the world thereo f was a very important part of
that instrument it is the statement of truths that are self evident that has imm
Bu t this
t li d it and for which it deserves the title o f a new order among men
does not exhaust the instrument ; it is not complete it would have been a cipher
without th concluding pledge to each other o f their lives their fortunes and their
sacred honor T here is written th living pledge signed by all from John
H ancock to the last supplicant who writes his name on the rolls o f citizenship
T hese are the terms o f the contract o f partnership among citizens a nd with their
country from that moment to this whatever may inte vene to make the m at
times appear forgotten or obscured T h in t u t in these classes has a wonder
ful opportunity to assist students to realize that government local or national is
a silent but indispensable partner o f every individual to every family in every
transaction of life and in every business and industry ; that th employe is a
partner o f th employer and th employer a partner o f the employe ; that we are
all partners together under our supreme obligation expressed in the concluding
sentence o f th D eclaration It is the privilege o f th instructor to awaken in
these men the sentiment o f whole hearted p rtn r hip
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assist the students to di ingu i h the functions o f City S tate and N ational
governments have him list five city ordinances fi e state laws and fi ve national
laws and an equal number o f Constitutional provisions at the end o f the course
if they are su ffi ciently advanced
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ADD ITI O N A L L E SS O N M A TE R I A L
order that th instructor may have at all times ample lesson material with
which to fill out each session the following is gi en at this point :
WE A T H E R T OP I C A ppropriate references to the prevailing weather
to be repeated by the students should not be omitted at th opening o f sessions
If an E nglish speaking neighbor gives a passing greeting it is usually accompanied
with a word as to th weather If the new citizen is unable to comprehend or
give response there is little prospect for further conversation or language practice
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H E A L T H T OP I C :
I nquiries
and good wishes as to health are proper
topics in this course from time to time so that the student may learn to respond
to such gre tings It may include the inquiry M y I ask about the health of
your
of
M A T E R IA L S ; T OOL S O P E R A T I ON S O CC UP A T I ON S T hese
u b j ects are introduced in L esson 3 on O ccupation and as stated in the note
therein it is belie ed th instructor will find this material of considerable interest
to the stud nt and that the subject hould b brought up from time to time as
there is opportunity until all the occupations o f the students have been covered
i nclud i ng th following as far as the interest therein continues
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house ( as far as the interest continues )
What repairs have you made ? Materials tools operations cost
What repairs
needed ? M aterials tools operations cost
What kind o f repairs do you know h w to m ake ? Cl ass to repeat
sente nce s
r ng d in S T RU C T U RA L O R D E R
P arts
H O U S E A N D LO T
‘
which it is hoped will help the student to the meaning o f these terms
and excite his interest to follow these chains o f related obj e c ts
t9 the
R E PA I R S
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width
feet long
feet wide S treet pave
ment curb parking sidewalk front fence side fences back fence
Water sewer ( drain ) gas Building line
A lley gate
Cellar ( excavation ) or basement cellar wall
FR A M E H O U SE :
( foundations ) division walls and p osts ; chimney ; water sewer and
gas connecti ons ; concrete ( cement ) floor
FR A M E : S ill scantling
corner po ts ( 4 x4 ) wall plate ra fters
ridge pole ; door openings window openings Floor j oists and brac
ing ; stairway steps railing ; upper fl oor beams ( ceiling ) FIR E
Walls partitions ; sheathing ( or rough boards ) building
S T OPS
paper siding ; la thing plaster coat putty coat sizing paint kalsomine
wall paper
P eak roo f Wall plate ra fters ridge pole rough boards shingles or roofing
Gutters a nd conductors
Flat roo f
Wall plate roo f beams sheathing ( matched boards ) roofing
felt tar and gravel
P lumbing
S oil pipe bath tub traps wash basin water closet ; kitchen
sink drain board drain pipe Galvanized water pipe shut o ff valve
and drain faucet and fuller ball
Gas pipe gas meter gas fixture gas cock gas stove gas mantle
M eter insulators conduit solder friction tape switch
E lectric wiring
fixture cord fuse socket light bulb
D oor frame door casing door sill door hinges lock key knob
Window frame window casing window sill window weights sash cord
and pulley ; window sash ( glazed ) glass points putty sash lock
Inside finish trim base board quarter round molding plate rail picture
molding R ough flooring matched hardwood flooring
P aint white lead or zinc linseed oil turpentine dry color color ground in
oil ; wood filler stain varnish wax
T he com
N A I LS : D esignated in size by the word penny written d
mon sizes are small 3 d medium 8 d slightly larger I 0d large
6 0 d ; they are o f the following leng ths :
3 and 6 inch
Common nails are heav ier than finish nails
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S e als o S p ec i l Vo b u l ri s furnished with the S tudent s T extbook and
the l sso n therein
T I TLE : L and Contract D eed ( R ecorded ) M ortgage A bstract Guar
antee P olicy T orrens T itle T axes special assessments A liens
not entitled to hold real estate in Illinois m o re than ix y ears under
the S tate law Insurance on buildings personal property Building
and Loan A sso c iations
LO T :
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L O CA T I O N O F P L A CE S O F I M P O R T A N C E
H O W T O G E T A BO U T :
OR
I N TE R E S T ;
County Building : Location what car to take O ffices : M arriage Licenses
Birth R ecords T axes County B oard o f Commissioners O ffices Clerks
o f Circuit and S uperior Courts ( N aturalization ) Circuit and S uperior
Courts County and P robate Courts S heri ff R ecorder
City H all Location M ayor Chief o f P olice Chief o f Fire D epartment
City T reasurer ( Licenses ) M unicipal Courts ( P olice Court Branches
at P olice S tations ) Board o f E ducation 6 5 0 S outh Clark S treet
P arks M unicipal P ier P laygrounds A t M useum Chicago P ublic L ibrary
R ailroad S tations
R eading o f time tables
Federal Building : P t ffi
and nearest branch Foreign M ails ( second
floor ) Customs S ervice Income T x ( Internal R evenue ) N aturaliza
tion S ervice R oom 7 76 ; U S Courts U S Commissioner U S
M arshal U S A ttorney U S Grand Jury
C irimin l Court M ichigan A venue and D earborn S treet ; County Jail
S tate s A ttorney
County H ospital M unicipal T uberculosis S anitarium Forest P reserve
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I M A G I N A R Y T R IPS T O S O M E O F T H E S E PLA C E S
N e wsp a p ers :
S windles :
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A ppropriate items o f news interest on the following topics :
D ue to credul ity greed ignorance o f the victim
B rave sel f
sa c rific ing conduct o f public o ffi cers ; successful work of public o fficials
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N ew laws for the benefit or a ffecting workmen
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H elp
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N ew opportunities
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wanted columns
A i t students to di ting u i h between th following terms
T he government ( alone usually th U nited S tates ) but
T he government o f the City th City government S tate government th
County government
T he Governor
‘ "
T h Coun ty ( a shorter word one less letter r and designates a ma ll r
subdivision than )
T h count ry ( th larger subdivision ) my country when i t re fers to U S A
T he Country as distinguished from the City ; Countr y roads the people in
the country as distinguished from the people in thi country T hi
country the U S A
L egislature ; legis law l tu : giver lawgiver
relation to th words l g l
and ill g l F many o f these students this work is a veritable
modern hibboleth di ffi cult for them to distinguish when heard
and di fficult to reproduce these liquid linguals frequently being under
stood and reproduced in a combination like reg is la tion
L egislation the product
T H E S T UD Y O F C O N S T I T U T I ON A L R I G H T S
A given in the diagram
H O W P UB LI C OP I N I ON C O N T R O LS T H E G O VE R N M E N T
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D E T E R MIN E S
WH A T
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S H A LL BE D ON E
:
Guaranteed under a free press free speech right to petition ; express d
ly in the ballot
c lu i
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s ve
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II
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con
A M E R I CA N S H A VE B E E N L E A D E R S I N T H E A R T S O F PE A CE
:
A M E R I CA N I N VE N T I ON S A N D A CC O M P L I S H ME N T S :
S ewing M achine
E lias H owe
,
H ow
.
much drudger y has be en saved to
women ?
Farm T ools D eere C ase
H arve ting M achines M c C m ic k D eering
etc
E lectric L ight Phonograph E dison
T elephon e Bell
T elegraph , M orse
First A tlantic Cable Field
T he A i brake Westinghouse
T he A irplane the Wright brothers
Increasin g crop yields and better varieties
Lu ther Burbank
T h U nited S tates has assisted agriculture by aiding special schools by
sending out valuable info rmation and introducing improved v arieties ( S e S T )
T h U nited S tates has encouraged inventions and useful knowledge by patents
and copyrights ( S S T p 3 2 par 2 Con titution and S T p 74 patent
o ffice )
T h following similes nd contrasted expressions containing many words in
common use form excellent material to build up an E nglish vocabulary ; they
may appear uninteresting and trite to th E nglish speaking person but they appear
fresh to those who are learning E nglish
big as an elephant
old as the hills
black as coal
proud as a peacock
A blind as a bat :
A quick as lightning
blue as the sky
A red as fire
bright as th sun
A round as a b ll
cold as ice
A sharp as a knife
slow
Christmas ( A S K
crooked s a path
a child how low )
A dark as night
A small as a pea
A dry as dust
dull as a stick
A so ft as mush
A straight as an arrow
early as the birds
fl t as a pancake
A strong as a horse
swift as an arrow
A good as gold
green as grass
A tough as leather
A tou gh as tripe
A hard as a ro c k
heavy as lead
A weak as a cat
high as a kite
A wet as a drowned rat
A white as chalk
A hollow as a barrel
hot as blazes
A thin as paper
A lig ht as a feather
A thick as an elephant s hide
A yellow as gold
A light as d y
A young as a kitten
A lazy as a cat
A mighty as the oak
play ful as a kitten
A naked as a new born babe
Write expressions a fter they have been studied leaving o u t either th
adj ective or th noun for the stu dent to supply
A lso have them give c ontrasting expressions A big A small ; A heavy
A light etc
A alike as two peas
A s di fferent as day and night
A de ep as a well
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12
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M ON E Y : IT S P U R P O S E A N D U S E
U
S
MON E Y T H E S O U N D E S T
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In Lesson l 2
we have studied coins What shape is this ? A ll rollers
all wheels ; everybody knows that they ll away so quickly T he only way
to make sure o f keeping it is to put it right to work for you and to do it on pay
day before it rolls away ; and when you see it working for you and raising a
whole family o f new little coins for you you will never want to see it idle again
M ake it turn around and work for you instead o f r ll away
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What shape did you say ? A roller or wheel ? N ow besides its nature
to roll away in what other way i it like the wheel ( see under A dditional
Le sson M aterial Interesting M echanical P rinciples Wheel ) ? Because like the
wheel money can move things without lifting them S ay I m a brickmaker I
don t have to carry brick with me to pay for things or move them ; this money
stands in place o f my bricks this money moves an exchange be tween the article
I need and these bricks
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Why does Congress take the trouble to buy silver and other metal and
to stamp it into money ? I it so pe ople will have something nice to look at ?
I it intended for a few to get hold of and keep ; is it for everybody to get hold
o f as mu c h as possible and keep idle ? N o It is made to serve
honest
citizens
"
as a measure of alue and to move things without lifting and the dollar
that is not on its job every day to help move things is a useless dollar and is not
doing what it was intended to do ; and a person who keeps the dollar o ff its right
j ob is to that extent not a good citizen If you know o f anybody who has a
lot o f these rollers rusting in tin cans in the base ment it is a good idea to advise
them to roll them out of there and get them a j ob rolling things H o w ? By
placing it in the postal savings bank or any o ther good bank into a building
and loan association
into
a
good
mo
rtgage or bond that you can buy at your
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bank T hat s the way to keep dollars on the job o f rolling things
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A lmost
any man you may work for has to borrow money at the bank to
buy material and pay wages in advance before he can get money out of a sale
and unless I and others keep our extra money in a bank or other place where
it can be used your employer may not be able to borrow at th bank or will
have to pay such high interest because money is scarce that he cannot a fford to
take a contract for more work and keep us on the job S we must keep the
w heels the money on the job ; on a use ful j ob and not leave it around for
thieves to get who would not know enough to put it to useful work
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What does th bank give you when you leave money ? A receipt ? A
promi e to give your money back ? Will they give anything more ? A per cent
you say ? Y e s N ow let s find out what per cent means What is this ? A
cent ? What does the word really mean ? A hundred ; it is the same word wi th
di fferent spellings in most lang uages cento in Italian sto in P olish sot in R ussian
it is all the same word hundred What relation does th word hundred have to
a penny ? It is l / I 0oth o f a dollar A nd when we say p r c ent we mean by the
hundred so many cents on the dollar so many dollars on a hundred dollars
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N ow if you put this dollar into a savings account how mu c h will you have
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at the end of a year ? I f you put it into war savings stamps how mu c h will you
have ? If you have enough to buy a bond or a mortgage ho w mu c h can you
expect to have at the end o f the ye ar ?
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13
money
sound
? T h whole world knows that it is sounder than any
'
o ther country s money It ha more value behind it and lies in a safe r position
than most money or the things that determi ne the value o f money We have fewer
neighbors who would try to take it away from us
H w much money do you and I earn ? Just what some one else produ ces ?
I f everybody produces su fficiently there will be enough things so you and I can
buy ; that helps to make our money good
I currency good ? A good as coin ?
In th last fi fty years since the
U nited S tates Government has taken control of the issuance o f currency untold bil
lions have been issued and there has been and there will be not a dollar lost on
currency because every cent o f it is secured by gold or silver lying in the strong box
of the U nited S tates or by other su fficient cr dits and the whole U nited S tates
stands behind it I t is the best money any nation ever made T he Federal
R eserve banks now have control o f issuing this c urrency for the national banks
N ational banks are under the inspection of U nited S tates o fficers ; S tate banks are
inspected by S tat o fficers
S ome students have heard that p eople are allowed to take out o f the country
only so much metal money T hat was a necessary wartime regulat ion
that
we would hav e an abundance o f metal with which to buy things we needed at the
best price It was not because th country was running out o f metal ; it never
had more
Is U S
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L I N E S S U R FA CE S S OLI D S
P O S IT ION D IR E C T I ON
T ION FO R M M A G N IT U D E C O M PA R IS ON
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R E LA
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With th materi al under this head the instructor is in a position to give
students who are unacquainted with such terms i n our language information that
will be o f immediate and permanent value
U naided th student would be a long discouraging time picking up wherever
he could these fundamental notions and terms th t may be required in his employ
ment T hese terms are to be used in class drill until the entire class is familiar
with them
A n oblong pasteboard b ox marked with
S T UD Y O F A T O OL BO !
handles on ends hinges ( strap ) keyhole and plate and a short line across corners
may be used ; or a blackboard sketch roughly made will serv e
T he o ther object th
R E L A TI ON O F O T H E R O B I E C T S T O I T
finger Indicat e and drill the class
A round the box
O n the box
O n all sides o f the box
U p from the box
Ov er the box
A gainst the box
U nder the box
O ver and under the box
N ear the box
A way from the box
In front of the box
from the box
F
B a ck o f the box
In front and back
O ut o f the box
A t one side o f the box
In the box
A t the right side o f the box
A t the other side o f th b x
A t the left side o f the box
A t each side of the box
A t both sides o f the box
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14
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S UPERFICIA L :
Sketch 6 loops or circles similarly graduated in size and drill class on :
Small etc large etc
Sketch 6 rectangles varying from a wide fi gure 2 inches higher than its
width each succeeding figure decreasing 2 inches in wid th and dril l
on wide etc narrow etc
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S O LID S
Large larger largest com p aring obj ects in the school room
Shallow shallower shallowest ; deep dee p er deepest ; demonstrate by
sketching graded pan sha p ed lines
Thin etc thick etc using small shaded horizontal rectangular fi gures
from 2 inches to 6 inches or so in length
D ouble si ngle triple
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D rill
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also on the ex p ressio ns : N o t long e nough long enou gh j ust right
0 K ; too long ; how much too long etc
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FO R M
Square triangle hexa g o n c irc le oval dia mond ; flat rounding corrugated
Cube ball ( s phere ) cylinder cone a tapering form
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IN T ERE S T ING E LEME N T A R Y ME C HA NIC A L PR INCIPLE S
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This forms excellent material for language instruction o f men
L E VER : Sketch A sk students to volunteer in formation What they have
been able to do with this de vice ; form sentences containing this use ful
information for class drill Could you move the E arth wi th the Lever ?
P ULLE Y : Sketch A form o f lever Proceed with similar methods
WED G E : Sketch M any members o f the class have p robably used this
device and know what p ower it ha s
SC RE W: A form o f wedge ; to p ull things together tight or to pu sh
them apart
D E M O N S T R A T E th at th e screw is a Wedge by roll
ing a right angled triangle o f pa p er on a p encil
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R O LL ER ( C Y LINDER ) O R
devices used universally
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It
WH EE L
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Some o f its
O ne o f the most wonder ful
p owers
:
can mo v e obj ects wi t ho u t lift ing them ; it leaves the weight re st
u p on the ground or the track
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2
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Takes up stores and gives out p ower as needed
,
Transmits motion
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Changes direction of motion Turns
motion into
circular motion or many d i fferent mot i ons or the reverse
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4
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M akes changes o f speed and intensity o f motion easy and sure ; acts
a s a lever
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5
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6
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R educes
friction ( roller bearings )
Circular motion is almost universal B irds use wings with a circular
motion ; animals and men walk with a circular motion the feet
go th rough part o f a circle o f which the hip is the center
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Hub
PA R T S O F A W H E E L :
A Crank is a lever it is a section o f a
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16
disc or s p okes felloes rim tire
wheel H ave students figure this
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IV
LESS O N 1
.
P re lim ina ri es
l
.
E nrollment
.
A ssistance
.
in enrollment is usually given to the instructor
operating agency which has a ssembled the students for
where there is a c o
instruction
Classification o f Students
I f the number j ustifies divide the cla ss
2
into a beginner s ( non E nglish s p eaking ) a nd an advanced group not using these
terms in the cla ssroom however
I f any ex p lanation is made o f the division it
should be tha t it is desired to give some who need it special attention and assist
ance
It is o f course undesirable to make a statement that such a division is
made in order not to hold back those who have the advanta ge o f some p reliminary
education Some o f the enrollment cards filled in by c o operating agencies give
sufficient in formation concerning the a pp lica nt s educational needs to enable the
instructor to make a division directly from these cards
3
D etermine from their own choice so far a s fea sible how many nights
a week ( not ove r four ) they desire instruction and which nights Where there
are two classes a t one p lace it is o ften convenient to arrange two successive nights
or alternate nights for each grou p A lso determine the hours usually
to
p m
O utline the course briefly in a statement to the class Speak in an
4
encouraging manner E mphasiz e the p oint that the work is all laid out something
s p ecial for each session and consequent nece ssity for regula r attendance ; also for
full p a rtici p ation in class work in order to make the course a success and tha t the
instructor may not be taxed beyond his physical strength in gett ing a response
Tha t the instructor is not interested in coming merely to draw the pay ; that this
cannot re p ay him fully ; that he has worked all day and ca n b e fully re p aid only
by a feeling o f satis faction in th e success o f this additional work and o f the stu
dents and for this their diligent attention and full co operation and res p onse are
essential Such a p reliminary statement is o f th e greatest im p ortance and in order
to have it fully understood the outline o f it should be given by some c om p etent
person in the p redominant la nguage or langua ges o f the students In return the
instructor can sa fely promise progress and results that they have not hereto fore
ho p ed to attain This will constitute the contract between instructor and student
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C la ss
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W rk
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E stablish the desired class
from the start
patio u o f the very last student in the back row
1
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p ractice
Secure the partici
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.
Be gin with N aturalization Form N o 22 1 4
This em
M a t e ria l
bodies matters in which the student is immediately interested i f it is explained that
this in formation he is required to be able to give when applying for c itizenship
M ost o f the information called for in this form is o ften asked o f him elsewhere
in securing em p loyment etc I t is believed to be very suitable material wi th which
to begin to build up a vocabulary
It introduces subj ects in which he is most
interested his home his work his wi fe and family the old country and this
country and will be more suitable to his tempe r than drilling into him sentences
containing fa r less vital subj ects
2
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KE Y :
I
indicates Instructor
S indicates a single Student
C indicates the entire Cla ss
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17
3
R epeat
I
I
C
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I ( indicating ) live at
!
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Street Chicago Illinois
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S
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I live at
Street Chicago Illinois ; where do you
"
live p lease ?
M ake a similar drill o f this full sentence individually
Then
alternate the first sentence M y name
and the second I live at
throughout the class
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I am a
( following the next item in Form 22 I 4 O ccupation )
teacher ; that is what I know how to do ; that is how I make a living ; that is my
work my j ob I am a teacher
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What do you do p lease ?
The instructor to proceed through
the entire class the instructor writing the occupations on the blackboard
Alternate these three sentences going once through the cl ass
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The session to close with students writing these three sent ences as nearly
as they can from models on the blackboard with an e ncouraging statement to
those who are unable to do so that they will be able to write by the end o f th e
course
Good night gentlemen until
evening at
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18
LESS O N 2
R eview briefly the three sentences in Lesson l
C o nt inuing t o pic : Where I live Ca rdinal p oints M y street city county
state built on the lines o f the plan o f Jefferson in the land ordinance o f I 7S 5
two years a f ter we had gained our independence A striking illustration a daily
reminder o f the faith ful execution and convenience o f a great simple law That
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this is a country built on a pla n on a time and e ffort saving system ; th at our
cities townships counties states roads streets our fa rms and city lots all crystal
R elation o f city residents to their country
liz ed on the lines o f Je fferson s plan
nei ghbors geographically and economically M ost o f these students having come
from rural sections in the old country will appreciate these re ferences and the
suggested interpretation o f their present city life in relation to their rural neighbors
will be favorably received The essential relation o f pa rt ne rship to be emphasized
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NO T E
cap acity of most of th s stud nts to gras p p rinci p l s i f th y
wis ly cut
in p rop r p i c s is sur p rising v n though th r may b littl pow r of x p r ssion T h follow
ing l sson is not b yond th ca p acity of most of th s clas s I n fact Succ ss with th s
stud nts d mands that th y b tr at d as m
ag r to consid r and und rstand p rinci p l s F
br vity som of th mat rial is p t in th form of stat m nt wh r in class p ractic it w ill b
in th form of qu stion and answ r I f th instructor d ms b st L sson 2 may b d f rr d
until aft r L sson 3 or lat r in th cours
T he
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I live on a N orth ( indicating sel f and direction ) and South ( indi
cating direction ) street My street runs N orth and South ( indicating )
From
the N orth Sta r ( indicating ) to the sun at noon ( indicating )
I live on a N orth
and South street
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A re there other streets in Chicago that run N orth and South ? D o
any o f you students live on a N orth and South street ? How many o f you live on
a N orth and South stree t ? Plea se raise your a rm A bout hal f o f you ? Plea se
say : I live o n a N or th and South street A bout how many streets o f Chicago
run N orth and South ? Y o u think about ha l f o f them ?
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N o w we will see what
a N or th a nd South street my
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th ree guesses :
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good guessers you a re When I a sked who
friend over here did not lif t a finger N o w
Which way does our frien d s street run ? E ast and West
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Is that right ? Y o u are good guessers ; you guessed right the very
N o w all who live on E a st and West streets ( indicating )
first time
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please hold u p your a rm Good N o w will you all says : I live on an E ast and
We street ? A re the re many streets in Chicago that run E ast and West ? Hal f
o f i em ?
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Are there any students who live on neither a N orth and South ( indicating )
street nor an E ast and West street ? N o w three good guesses how do those
streets run ? A nybody ? N orthwest and Southeast or N orthea st and Southwest
Plenty o f good guessers here
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I t was not tha t way in your old country wa s it that the streets and roads
ran straight N orth and South or E ast and West ?
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W H O M A DE T H IS R U L E A N D WH O D R E W TH E S E
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LI N E S N orth and South E ast a nd West , for the streets ?
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B ut did you ever notice tha t our
Y o u sa y the City ? Y e s ; some o f them
princi p al N orth and South and E ast and West stree ts a mile or 8 00 numbers
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a p art like State Hal sted A shland Western or M adison Chicago A venue
R U N R IGHT ST RA IGH T I N T O C O U N T R Y
N o rth A v e nue etc
R O A D S ( T H E FA R M B O U L E VA R DS ) WH E R E T H E C I T Y O F
CH ICA G O E N D S ?
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N o w the fact is that these
city streets are only old country
roads that once did not have a fence or a bottom but are now all dresse d u p in
city style with sidewalks white lights white wings and all Those old country
roads put on this city style only where they go throu gh the city and they run
straight out beyond the city N orth and South and West p ast farm buildings
and fields and wo o ds ; and when y o u live on such a princi p al street in Chicago
you are really living on a country road H ow many o f you live on such a n old
country road ?
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And where do the r est o f you live ? In corn fields and in woods
that have been cut to p ieces into city lots ; stra ight out N orth or South or West
o f you you would be out in a forty acre lot R emembe r that and remember
your farm neighb o rs out there on the country roads or growing food in the fields
straight N orth or South or West o f you are waiting for the things that you are
making for them here in town H ow many o f you lived on a farm in the old
country ? Well you know how it goe s on the fa rm and that when you need a
thing you need it bad and it s hard to have to wait for it j ust because someone
in town w a s p erhaps lo a fing a little on the j ob
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BU T A B O U T T H E N O R TH A N D S O U T H ST R E E TS
A N D T H E E A ST A N D W E ST ST R E E TS th at run straight into the coun
try roads D id the farmers bui ld their c o untry roads to fit into the city streets
or did the c ity folk s fi t their streets into the c o u ntry roads ? O r did someone else
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do it ?
Let s try to find out
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S H O WI N G WA LL M A P O F T H E U S ( or S T p
anyone tell me what this is ? Can a nyone tell me which way is always north
That is the
m a p ? At the to p ? The N orth Star at the top ( indicating )
I remember it Then which way which side would be South ( the bottom )
E ast ( right ) the west ( left ) toward the setting sun weak like the left
that s the way I remember it D rill class on cardinal points o f the m ap
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N otice
these different spaces Come on the good guessers who will
tell what these are ? States ? Correct See these State lines ( indicating dir c e
tions N orth and South E ast a nd West ) ?
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Wha t is the name o f o ur State ? Please all re p eat : Illinois is
N o w who can show us which is Illinois on the map ? A ll try to find
o ur State
it Which is the E astern line o f Illinois ? Which way does the E astern line
run ? N orth and South j ust like Chica go streets ( State Halsted Western
N o w which is the N orthern line o f Illinois ? Which way does
A venue etc )
the N orthern line o f Illinois run ? E ast and West ? Just like what streets o f
Chicago ? The good old country roads M adison Street Chica go A venue N orth
A venue 6 3 rd Street etc the proude st streets o f our gre at City o f Chicago How
old is our State ? Please all say : Illinois our State wa s born in I 8 1 8 Then
these lines on the E ast and N or th the lines o f State Street and M adison Street
are older than that ?
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Let me tell you Thoma s Jefferson one o f the best A mericans the
man who wrote into the D eclaration o f Inde p endence tha t all men are created
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equal made this plan which wa s ado p ted by Congress be fore Washington was
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President ; so that my street and your street my lot and your lot our city county
and state and other sta tes are laid along th ose lines ; we build our houses and walk
a nd ride along Jefferson s lines every day ; the lines were run by U nited States
engineers when this wa s a wilderness so tha t the farmers who came could mark out
the farms they bought or received from the U nited States ; our old country roads
State Street and Western A venue and M adison Street and Chica go A venue and
others sim p ly followed those lines and tha t is why they fit right into the country
roads at the edge o f town
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Is this a good plan a good law ? The farmers could tell where
their fence lines were and did not have to fi ght over them
They say that in
some p laces where the land wa s bought be fore this p lan be fore I 78 5 they are
still a t it fighting over crooked fence lines with long straight rifles
Which is
the better way ? Which is the shortest distance between two points a straight
line or a crooked line ? A long which line does it cost less to build a fence or a
road ; how much has that saved the people ?
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This is a country tha t from the beginning was built on a time and
trouble saving system p lanned by some o f the best minds the world has known
D oes it not look that way ? It wa s not le ft to accident ignorance or conceit but
has always claimed the highest intelligence and good will Too bad E uro p e did
not have a J E FFE R S O N to draw p eaceabl e national fence lines W A R D S
In view o f the p ros p ective chang e from 3 5 to 5 0 wa rds no further statement than
tha t o f the p ro p osed change need be made at the present time
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LESS O N 3
bla ckb o ard in advance for
s tudents to read and write as a resum e o f preced i ng lesson :
the
T he following sentences to be written on
I live on an E ast and West street
I live on a N orth and Sou th street
A map shows N o rt h at the t o p South at the bottom E ast at the
right West at the le ft
Illinois is a State since I 8 1 8
O ur greatest stre e ts are old country roads
O ur count ry is built on a good plan
We are all partners
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We have been finding out something about where we live Y o u
in order to understand it
Later we
se e there I S quite a lot to l earn about it
will read more about it
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B ut we will now go on t o the next point we must tel l about when
we ask to b e citizens It is w hat we do our work I hav e kep t a list of the
diffe ren t kinds of wo rk t ha t y o u men do a nd I a m sure all o f us w ill learn some
thing use ful i f each o f you will explain j ust what you do ; some today some other
days We will learn the names o f many things
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N OT E
th r is any subj ct about which th stud nt should b abl to x p r ss him
s lf it is his work in which h tak s som p rid T h us fuln ss of his work should b com
I t will giv th instructor th b st id a of what languag training h r quir s
m
t d u p on
I f th stud nt who is s p aking is unabl to xp lain about a tool or obj ct m mb rs of th class
should b ask d to h l p out with th x planation T h n th instructor mak s a simpl sk tch
of th obj ct if possibl in ord r that th ntir class may comp r h nd T h ntir class
should r p at th nam and p arts of such obj cts I t wi l l b found that many stud nts do not
know th English quival nts of th simp l st things that h may r quir for his n xt j ob or for
of his ap artm nt or building Op rations
mad quit cl ar with
th r p air and maint nanc
simp l g stur s T h instructor will fi d this good languag mat rial and of clos r int r st and
app al arising as it do s out of th class than any t xt how v r laborat ly illustrat d A
d vot d to h aring about and consid r
p ortion of ach succ ding s ssion can v ry us fully b
ing th work of
or two stud nts writing out th nam s of obj cts for th stud nts to co py
T h subj ct is too l arg to occu p y full s ssions ; th stud nts would f l th y w r d voting too
much tim on it although that would b a mistak n vi w as th y
acquiring valuabl i f
mation and languag training
T h instructor will fi d much int r st in d v lo p ing this subj ct
N o two class s will b
alik but th following r p ort of actual class work will b sugg stiv T h work should b
tak n p for a portion of ach s sion until l l th occup ations list d hav b n discuss d and
ch ck d off th list O th r int r sting occup ations not list d should b discuss d not omitting
th building trad s at l ast giving an
xplanation of th structur of a hous p articularly of
th lumb r and hardwar
I f h do s not
p arts that th s tud nt may wish to ord r for r p airs
know th English quival nts for th s things how is h to acquir contract with th r st of our
community L anguag training of this kind should b of r al valu to him
If
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Wha t is your business p lease ? S
I am a sheet metal worker
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This gentleman is a sheet metal worker What is this ( li fting a sheet o f
A sh eet o f p a p er
pa p er ) ? S
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A ll together please
A sheet
N o w will you tell the class what is sheet metal ? S
o f paper I S
Sheet
iron brass
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N ow
I will write down the word metal and let us pu t under it all
the metals we know
Will someone name a metal ? I ron ? A ll right we will
write it down ( Showing kni fe blade ) what is this metal is it iron ? Then wha t
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LE SS O N 4
3 rd 4 th
Subj ect :
Form 22 1 4
and 9th assertions on an ap p lication for citizenship
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I wa s born on the 4 th day o f July 1 890 ; I am 3 0 years old
When were you born p lease ?
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( Write July 4 1 8 9 0 30 y ears )
( R equire full sentence I was b orn on etc ) How many years old are you
p lease ?
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Let us write down the names o f the months o f the year What is
the first month please etc ? D rill the class i n concert on all the months N ext
have each student state in fu ll when he wa s born ;
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I wa s bo rn in Genoa Italy ; where were you born
( Through the class ) have each state the t o wn pro v inc e and c o unt ry
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I came to the U nited States from Genoa Italy Se p tember I
Where did you take the boat to come to the U nited States and when did
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you land ? ( R equire a full sentence ) A t what port did you land ?
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I came right to Chicago and have lived here always D id you
come right to Chicago ? I have never gone back to the old c o untry D id you
ev er go back to the old c o untry ? Since w hat year and month do you live in
Illinois ? In Chicago ?
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I will always stay in this country D o you intend to stay in this
country ? How many have no citizen p a p ers ? How many have first pa p ers ?
How many have already a sked for second p a p ers p aid the
I will help
you fill out your papers Everybody bring their papers next time
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A ssertion 6 Form 22 I 4
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I am married M y wi fe s ( husband s ) name is ( Johanna John )
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you married ? ( R equire full sentence ) Y our wi fe s name please ?
( Through the class as fa r as necessary I am married ; I am not married )
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I have two children
How ma ny children have you ?
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Where were your children born ? What day month yea r ? ( U ntil all can
res p ond ) D istinguish one c hild two c hildren Study relationshi p s ( ST LE S
SO N ! I page
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Students to write names o f months names o f family relationshi p s
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LESS O N 5
N OTE
following is not int nd d as a r ading x rcis in th s l m ntary class s
I t is hop d how v r that th instructor w ill fi d th way to conv y mo t of its substanc v n
to l m ntary class s through th class room p ractic h r tofor am p ly outlin d I n s p it of
our mod rnity g is imp r ssiv ; and whil A m rica p r s rv s th charm and gor of youth
h is v n rabl
and it is b li v d that th s w citi ns may b instruct d by that as p ct of
th ir w country
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C H IC A G O
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H ER N E W N E IG HB O R S FR O M
O LD C O U N T R Y
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Is this to you a new country not so old as the old country ? It
is a country wi th a new ho p e and promise but the substance o f this place is old as
Time ; this rounded hemis phere was molded into sha p e with the fi rst turning o f
the spinning earth
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J ust to show this cannot be a new country there are trees here that have
been gr owing up nicely these past
to
years since be fore the
b eginnings o f Greece and R ome I f the seed from which these trees sta rted came
from trees j ust as old then they show us the green s p routing li fe o f
years
a go be fore any other happening in history we know o f So your new country
is q uite res p ectably old older and wiser th an enthroned S e lfishne ss and all kinds
o f kings and their tools and fool s Y e s A merica is a s ol d a s Creation and wa s
very patient awaiting our coming
The Chica go country to o is a good old
country There is a n oak t ree over in O ak Park tha t can t deny it is at lea st a
thousand years old
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These trees have l ived through a good deal o f world history they have li v ed
on in p eace through the folly and destruction o f many proud cities and govern
ments and peoples B ut they have never witnessed the failure o f our government
o f our p eo p le o f the p eo p le o f Chica go ; and we wish for these O ld Citizens
long life to a good old a ge into the Golden A ge of j ustice and o f peace among
men for which we stand and ho p e and labor
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you feel that this is a far country ? M y dea r N ew Chicagoa ns
the waters o f Chica go are all j oined in one wi th the broad sea s that bore you all
the way to A merica ; these very waters a re in direct fl ow with every swinging
wave in the farthest arm o f ocean a nd with every stream that winds p ast cities
y o u know or that threads its way to the peaks of the A l p s the frozen roo f o f the
world or to the icy p i v ots o f the poles I t is one shining face o f water from the
smiling mouth o f the great river o f Chica go th rough the two broad valleys into
the sea and beyond In coming here you have merely moved u p stream a few
miles more or less and we welcome you and wish you and yours a ha ppy home
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among us and every prosperity under our standard I Will
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I s this to y e u a new government ? I ts s p irit reaches back to the first
family and the fi rst nei ghbor to sim p le j ustice and fair dealing ; that is the best
we can give and ask
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LESS O N 6
FI R ST
government
L E SS O N IN A PP LI ED C I V ICS
Introduc tion to C IT Y
Through obj ects with Which the student is in daily contact
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we are now ready to begin a study o f our H o me City
home city ? ( Secure correct pronunciation : Chicago
Will you all plea se repe at : Chicago is my
home city ? What is home ?
There s no p lace like home
( I f phonograph
and record o f the song is available introduce it here ) M usic makes a unive rsal
a pp eal these students will understand it
Gentlemen
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What is the name o f our
not T c hic a g g o nor
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gentlemen what is it that we all need many times a day
that the City o f Chica go brings into our ho fne every minute o f the day night
s torm or shine
winter or summer week days and holidays ? ( N o response )
Then
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Wh
will bring me a glass o f cold water p lease ? ( Presenting
glass or the idea may be as effectively conveyed by a simple blackboard sketch )
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Thank you for the glass o f water Where do you get a glass o f
cold water ? ( D raw a simp le sketch o f a faucet a curved line cr ossed by a T
the lever ) B uild up the re sponse from individual students into the sentence :
We ge t a gla ss o f cold water from the faucet Let us all say tha t I will write
it
When written showing the word : H ow do we spell the word faucet ?
What is in the faucet to keep back the water ? A rubber fuller ball We will
write that down How many hav e ev e r p u t in a new fu ller bal l in the faucet ?
What do we have t o do first ? Turn off the water
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How do you get a glass o f cold water ? I turn on the faucet ; I
draw the water I C
What do you do next ? I turn o ff the faucet ; I shut
off the water
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we will see where this wa ter comes from Where does the
water come from into the faucet ? To what is the faucet connected ( continuing
sketch from the faucet already drawn ) ? The faucet is connected to the water
We will write down water pi p e
To what is the wate r
R ep eat please
p ipe
pi p e connected ( continuing sketch )
The water pipe is connected to the street
water mains ( writing those three words ) Where do the water mains go to ?
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The water ma ins go to the pumping station ( write last two words and indicating
by a rectangle and tall stack the pumping station in the sketch )
What is done
there ? The water is purified and is driven by great pump s into the mains and
Will you see those great
p i p es u p a hundred feet and h e re it is ; have some ?
pumps ? Where is your pumping station ?
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H ow does the water reach the p um p ing station ? To what is the
pumping sta tion c onnected ? The p um p ing stations are connected to great brick
or concrete water tu nnels that lead to the lake and out under the lake bottom
a s far a s the Cribs which stand out there in the lake some two miles and others
four miles from shore The water is not taken from the to p o f the lake but from
the cool clean and sand botto m Where is the water cooler ? A t the to p or
bottom
NO T E T h wat r syst m is such an imp ortant munici p al s rvic and it is associat d
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with so much int r st that it forms
to th xt nt that tim cap acity and
such d v lop m n t follow
e e
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the
the
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most t m p ting mat rial for instruction in th s class s
int r st of th stud nt p rmit T h r for subj cts for
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C o urse of wa t e r from the lake to faucet reversing the order above given :
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N o w let us form a chain o f students each student going with this
gl ass o f water through only o ne step o f its j ourney from la ke to tip A ll ready
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( set )
Who will start the
?
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It s cold out here in the lake Here s a building I ll dive in
N ice round tank
Pulled by the leg into a dark hole ? Good night !
B umped and scraped along M iles and miles It s a tunnel ; no light
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no end
( Successive steps a re numbered )
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B ig noise j ust ahead D octor R obe rtson ha s closed me ! U gh !
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Picked straight up and shot into a 4 foot ir o n pi p e no give Awful
Like the elevated at Christmas
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Crowded into a smaller main H ave a heart
Squeezed into a small pipe is it possible ? I f I could only crowd by
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this rubber ball ; will they never let me out ?
O ut ! I nto a nice glass Thanks for light and air !
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C o urse o f wa t e r hurrying from lake to a fi re
C o urse o f wa t er parting at the river s mou th choosing path to the N orth
A tlantic or to the wa rm Gul f and beyond
Course o f water from lak e through a steam boiler engine t urbine whistle
C hic a go is wedded to the romance o f waters and owes to them her very
being The waters o f a great water shed assemble here in order that they may
find their voice in the friendly bellow o f the fog horn in the stirring p i p e to
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quarters o f industry and whir o f countless wheels and tools ; to find a more than
tro p ic wa rmth over white fi res ; and there to feel the glow o f their resistless p ower
a nd to measure it triumphantly a ga inst all the combined tasks o f a world center
that can be p itted a gainst it We speak see move a nd our arms are fortified by
the p ower o f these waters ; they he a r our burdens ; we are cooled re freshed and
ins p ired by their p resence
Whatever part o f this romance th e instructor can
bring be fore these students will serve to interpret p art o f their daily labor and life
The very waters are im p ortant p artners to these new A mericans a s well a s to
the rest o f us who have come here a few boa t leads ahead o f them
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What world city ha s the largest and best supply o f p ure fresh
O ur own City o f Chica go I t is a well 3 5 0 miles long and 8 00 feet dee p
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How much water is su pp lied from this well for every man woman
and babe every twenty four hours ? Over 25 0 gallons A t 1 0 pounds a gallon
p ounds to a ton a ton and a
p ounds ;
( students to fi gure it )
q uarte r for each person A nd still the well never goes dry a s many wells do ;
it never freezes the kee p ers a t the Crib watch tha t How would you like to p um p
that much and carry it u p stairs even when the pump wa s working ? That means
a good many baths p lenty o f clean clothes clean streets fresh lawns and p a rks
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good water hel p to make a city heal thy ? What large city
lowest dea th rate in the world ? A gain our own City o f Chicago
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Why is Chica go the healthiest large c i ty in the world ? S Pure
water and p lenty o f it ; p ure milk because Chica go is so near to the cows that
produce it ; the good work o f our city Health D e p artment a nd other de p artments
and Chicago p eo p le receive and gladly acce p t and obey good heal th rules
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Who owns the whole water system from the Cribs out in the lake
to the mains in front o f your house ? S The City the Peo p le o f Chicago
Who kee p s it running and plans its ne eds twenty fiv e years ahead o f time ? The
Peo p le through their chosen officers
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Was it always so ? N o A t first the water was furnished by a
So the
p rivate company which delivered little water and that was very bad
people o f Chicago took it out o f thei r hands and take pride in ke eping this great
fountain o f water p laying its millions o f streams for every emergency
What
would ha pp en to the steam boiler without a constant sup p ly o f water ? It would
blow up What would ha p pen to our house s and sanitary arrangements ? A nd
what about great fires ? We can not p repare a meal without water N o t a wheel
in this city excep t a few o f the gasoline cars would turn without it The City o f
Chicago is a p artn er that furnished this necessity fai th fully to every man woman
and child whatever he does wherever he goes ; it is re ady for him be fore he comes
ready e ve ry minute while here and will be ready for others to come j ust a s
i mp artially and e fficiently Chica go keeps u p with the p rocession
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Who decides and writes the ordinances that order this work done
and that arrange for payment o f the ex p ense ? The City Council
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Who app roves the ordinances ? The M ayor Who sees that the
work is done ? The M ayor through his department assistants
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Who p ays for the water ?
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The owner o f a building pays a wate r
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D ra ina ge S y s t e m :
I have no further use for this water
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Will someone please
p our
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into the sink
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the window ?
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With what i s the sink connected ; what becomes o f all
water from the bathroom kitchen from rains and snow ?
can about it and we will talk it over a t another session
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waste
Please find out all you
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the
LESS O N 7
R eview
LA W:
D efi nit io n
S y st em
a er
E xa mples
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N OT E
Wt
last lesson on the
briefly
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Th r is n d for x p lanation of this fundam ntal word in civics
lowing is a mor comp act form than its class p r s ntation would b
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In the last lesson who did you say makes the ordinances the la ws
about the water system ? The City Council
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What is law ? ( Showing one foot rule or sketch thereo f ) Wh at
is this ? A rule A law is a rule A rule to measure things or what we do our
acts Please re p eat : A Law is a rule
That is a law a
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Y o u do not talk or make a noise while I s p eak
rul e o f C O M M O N S E N S E I f you made a noise you could not hear ; that
would be your P U N ISH M E N T for breaking that rule I f you made a noise
I would have to talk very loud you obey a law o f Humanity and po lite nss and
are quiet I f you made a noise I would talk so loud I would ge t a sore throat
that would be a p uni shment to me So there are laws o f c o mm o n sense and o f
huma nit y that make life e a sie r
I hold this obj ect I let go o f it What happens ? I t falls ( suit
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ing action to word ) That is a law It is a ru le o f a c t io n that always works
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A man walks on his feet
A ma n does not walk on his hands
That is a law o f c o nv e nienc e and o f his na t u re
We brea the That is a law o f our li fe To brea k that law means
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death That is the punishment the p enalty The same is true o f the law that
we must take food
There are thousands o f such laws tha t we obey every day that w e
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never need think about so they do not need to be written down There is no
written law saying I must take so many brea ths today I don t want anyone to
write a law and set a p unishment about that because I shall take just a s man y
or as few brea th s a s I need a nd no one else knows how many that will be nor
do I ! I ca n t take the trouble to keep count I don t bel ieve I could count tha t
fa r I would be all out o f brea th j ust counting
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B ut there a re some o f these rules that must be written down so
tha t we will know how we stand and to save arguments and fights
T ake this
I f there were no law what would ha pp en ? The buyer woul d
ru le ( ruler )
have a very long rule a nd the seller a very sho rt one
N o trade or maybe
fights or arguing over a trade for days as in some countries you know Clear
honest rules make quick trades and good business and a good living for everybody
The same rule a pp lies to the time clock and the work on the j ob ; everybody must
know the rule and stick by it honestly Then business knows what the figur es
will be and ca n set a price because it knows wha t things cost
Who makes the rule the law about this measure ? ( ST p 1
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Sec 8 Constitution ) Turn to p 3 1 o f S T Sec 8 Look at p 29 and tell
us what tha t is ? That is the highest law o f the U S and we w ill re fer to it
o ften
H ave a student read :
Sec 8
The Congre ss shall have po wer to
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fix the standard o f weights and me a sure s
Who ? Can anyone else
change this ? N o This is the highest law ( S T p 8 7 B ureau o f Standard s)
There are rules measures weights in that o ffi ce in Wa shington from which all
other rules in this country are made ; our City B ureau o f Weights and M ea sure s
ha s copies o f many o f them and i ns pects weights and measures in Chicago
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T he U N IT E D S TA T E S also furnishe s
the
right time ev e ry
da y by telegraph through every railroad station in the country and also by wire
less This time is taken from the sun and stars every clock in the country cor
re c te d to the t ime o f our N avy
( S T p 7 3 U S N aval O bser v atory )
The hands o f that clock point the time for ev ery train t o start ; our street cars ;
our factories s c hools churches our banks and business keep naval time Time
is a rule fixed by written Ia n) and measured by the march of the sta rs
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DR A INA G E :
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What did we do with the gl ass o f water last session ? Poured it
in the sink
And I asked you to be able to say where it went With what is the
sink connect ed ? D rain p ipe A nd next ? T ra p ( sketching ) What is that for ?
It traps things that might clog the pi p e lower down ; it tra p s out the air below ; it
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is a water seal t o keep out bad air ; it acts as a water tight cork or plug or
door From the tra p where does the drain go ? To the Soil p i p e Where does
the Soil pip e go ? Straight to the ground to meet the d rain pi p e that leads to the
sewer in the street ( some apartments ha ve a s ediment tank for sur face and roo f
drainage )
I S
Where do the street sewers go ? D o they empty into the lake ?
They do not empty i nto the lake ; they empty into the river or into c ana ls whi c h
do not empty into Lake M ichigan That the Chicago R iver until 1 9 0 0 flowed
into Lake M ichigan and necessarily carried with it all the draina ge into the lake
spoiling the water Th at in order to s ave th e p urity o f the water and the lives
o f the people o f Chicago the S a nita y or
hea l th canal was dug or blasted out of
the rock for thirty miles so t hat the Chica go R iver has now turned around and
no w runs away fr o m the lake and instead o f flowing E ast it flows West and
South and now find s its way to the Illinois R iver and to the M issis sipp i ( Father
of
and into the warm Gul f ; t hat the wat ers at the mouth o f the
Chicago R iver p art company the other stream going N orth and E ast into the icy
waters o f the N orth A tlant ic ; they reach the sea by tw o channels ; that which
goe s to the Gul f hel p s to form the warm Gul f stream which crosses the A tlantic
and makes life in E urope possible and a greeable through the warm th it brings
D id any o f you trav e lers from E urope notice the Gul f stream any
I C
difference o f color or tem p erature when y o u crossed the stre am on your way to
A merica ? They say it has a different color from the sea
NO T E Bring to th class as far as p ossibl th fact that no n man could hav giv n
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us th boon of good p otabl wat r ; that many diff r nt tal nts and class s of skill w r
r quir d to bring it about ; th physician w h kn w its r lation to h al th th sci nti t th
to sup port
p olitical g nius with th w lfar of th city at h art who could p rsuad th p o p l
and who had th int grity to hav it carri d out ; th skillful ngin rs as w ll as th
th pl
craftsman and th str ngth and good will of th labor r ; that non of th s could hav mad
his p art ff ctiv without th harmonious working tog th r of all ach doing his p lain duty ; th
b st that was in him I n th s days of fr n i d discussion of C lass consciousn ss it is a good
tim to mphasi at v ry pp ortunity th id as of int rd p nd nc and th solidarity of all
class s and not th solidarity of a singl class ; that w
all p t ; that w must all
hang tog th r or w will hang s p arat ly is as tru of us mod rns as it was for thos who
fi x d th conditions for citi nshi p u p on a p l dg to ach th
of lif fortun and sacr d
honor
e
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an
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ze
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ee
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a r n e rs
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H
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A dv a nt a g es
derived from Government
A nother thought that should be
brought home to these students i f possible is the b e ne fic e nt intervention o f govern
ment in this case the City government which can through its authority taxing
power and o ther penalties a nd through the courts compel the selfish or unprogressive
citizen to go along with the rest o f his neighbors to su pp ort and help pay for needed
im p rovements ; he cannot block them a fter they are decided upon and accepted
by the maj ority o f those interested
He must kee p up with the procession
This help s to make our streets our City a desirable place to live in
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inj ured O f
millions o f property r eported stolen they rec overed
mil
lions They hel p ed in prosecution o f criminals The department was given
a ye ar for each man woman and child The
m illions to do this work
depa rtment o f course rendered much other se rvice reporting complaint s on
d e fective streets sidewalks hydrants sewers e lectric wires street lamps nuisances
defective buildings etc regulating traffi c etc
To call the Police D epartment call M a in 1 3 which for people who do not
do right is an unlucky number
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B O A RD O F ED U C A T I O N :
Location N o 6 5 0 South Clark Street ; Tele phone Wabash 2 for all
in formation
E nrollment 1 9 1 9
teachers
E lementary schools high schools technical training
E vening schools citizenship classes
A fte rnoon classes for women
Community centers
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M UNICIPA L C O UR T S
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City H all La Salle Street between R andolph and Washin gton
b ranches ( Police Courts ) at Police Stations
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Criminal
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A PP R O PR IA T I O N S
Chica go s necessary expe nses for use ful obj ects in 1 9 1 9 were about 1 00 mil
lion dollars ; with 5 0 aldermen the p er capita resp o nsibility on this item will be
two million dollars each A ldermen are very im p ortant officers The City govern
ment has to look a fter p ro p erty wor th 225 million dollars
That is a great
resp onsibility This is only our home branch o f the p eo p le s business and
we all have the greatest interest in wanting to see this business p rosp er as it gives
to us such a very great p art o f what makes life worth living
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FR A NC HIS E S :
A mong the most important powers o f th e Council is the right to make con
tracts called franchises giving the right to do business to cor p orations giving
such important service a s trans p ortation gas electr icity telephones etc That
also is a great responsibility
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CI T Y C HA R T ER : The constitution s highest law o f the City govern
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ment is not made by the peo p le o f the City but is gi v en by the State Le gislature
This City cannot make laws unles s the State Legi slature chooses to give it the
right to do so The City o f Chicago is de p endent u p on the State Legislature
for any enlargement o f its powers tha t may be necessary ; and so the p eople o f
Chicago have a very sp ecial interest in the men w ho represent us in the State
Legisla ture who can hel p us to secure these rights
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PA R KS :
Lincoln Park B oard a pp ointed by the Governor o f Illinois
West Park B oard a p pointed by the Governor
Sou th Park B oard a pp ointed by j udges o f the Circuit Court
Small parks and p laygrounds ba thing beaches etc are o p erated by the City
government
H ave you been to the M unicipal Pier ? Where is it ; what are the
ad v anta g es and the entertainment ?
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C HIC A G O
A
S EA P O R T :
D o you know tha t Ch ica go is one o f the great world ports ; that its com
merce is equal to many o f th e large world ports ?
That Chica go not only receives a nd sends out large quantities o f goods but
improves and trans forms them into articles o f use
I t converts cattle into pre
served meats leather and other valuable products ; Chicago cleans the grain ;
turns rock into iron and steel and these into ingenious and power ful machinery
These a re some o f the use ful tasks that these
t o hel p do the work o f the world
a s p art o f the people o f Chicago are doing They are partners to each
s tudents
o ther and to the p eo p le who need these a rticles
R e fer to ! uotation N o s 1 to 7
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LESS O N 9
C O UN T R Y G O VER NME N T :
T HE
A fter
the foregoing outline o f the City and its government it will be nec e s
sary to do more than indicate the seq uence o f ideas to be p resented to these stu
dents following similar methods This sequence is intended to form a natural
growth out o f what has preceded ; it is ho p ed tha t a logical connection o f ideas
between City and County County and State State and N ational will enable the
student to see tha t th ese subdiv isions form necessary parts each in i ts sphere o f
himsel f o f his business that is administered b y o fficers he helps to choose and to
whom he should give his support in the conscientious carrying out o f their duties
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C c nnec ting I de
T a xes
to pay for what the City gives us
We have j ust learned something about our City and its government and
tha t it takes a lot o f m o ney to pay for this necessary and desirable work some o f
which is raised from lice nses to do different things but the larger part comes from
Taxes N o w can any student tell us who looks a fter that part o f our business
to lay and collect taxes ?
It is the County government :
The B oard o f A ssessors five members figure the value o f p ro p erty
The B oard o f R eview three members review ( look over ) this valuation
The County Clerk knows what the State County City etc need in money
for the next year and charges it against each p iece o f p roperty in the county
according to its value The County Treasurer kee p s the county s money
The B oard o f County Commissioner s which makes the laws for Cook
County decide how much the County s business will need and advise the County
Clerk This is for the County Hospital and other hos p itals the farm a t O ak
Forest for the poor for M other s Pensions to run the Courts o f Cook County
etc The President o f the County B oard in his rep ort for D ecember 1 1 9 1 9
said that the County during that year housed fed and gave medical aid and
treatment to about
sick p ersons it p aid out
in M othe rs Pen
sions involving
ca ses and near
children
It looked a fter
delinquent and dependent children and housed fed
and cared for
children
I t received
victims o f insanity
It com p elled
de fendants to support their wives children or near
relatives
It aided in maintaining order in riots
It took care o f
prisoners in the County J ail ; most o f them required
medical attention
It su p ervised the elections
The R ecorder o f D eeds made a record o f
trans fers etc a ffecting p roperty
The county had
em p loyes The County collected and distributed
in taxe s
The County bills amount to
a yea r There are ten members
o f the B oard o f Commissioners from the City o f Chicago a nd there a re five from
the rest o f the county making fi fteen members ; this makes a p e r capita appro
These a re important o ffi cers
p ria tio n per member o f nearly one million dolla rs
and have grea t responsibilities They look a fter
worth o f County
p ro p erty
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The Sheriff : Custodian o f the J ail County B uilding and Crimina l Court
B uilding the County Courts Public E xecutioner He ca n require any citizen to
serve a s a deputy
County Court : Su p ervises E lections
S p ecial a ssessme nt cases etc
Probate Court : Distribution o f p ro p erty o f decea sed persons ; a p p oints
guardians for minors etc
STA T E C O U R T held in a nd for C OO K C O U N
T
Y:
'
Circuit Courts 20 j udges elected by p eople 6 years ( N a turalization
Court )
Superior Court 20 j udges elected by p eople 6 yea rs ( N a turalization
Court )
Criminal Court : Criminal cases j udges taken from Circuit and Su p erior
Courts This court held in the Criminal Court building West A ustin A venue
and N or th D earborn Street the Circuit and Su p erior Courts in the County
B uilding ; N aturalization clerks Circuit and Superior Courts in R ooms 4 1 2 and
The State s A ttorney ha s offices in both
4 3 7 res p ectively both on 4 th fl oor
the County and Criminal Court B uildings The Sheriff s office is on the 4 th fl oor
County B uilding
NO T E T h p r ntation of th i m p ortant functions of th C ourts to th s stud nts
is of cours through concr t instanc s of w hat th y giv i
( P robat C ourt ) A man
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about
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I s th r a way in which I can coll ct a just d bt i f h had p rop rty I f som on s i s
H w
any way th y g justic
p s th p ro p rty from widow and childr n is th r
orphans ( C riminal C ourt ) A man burglari s my hous or commits som oth r
against m D I hav to punish him hir a lawy r t
( C ircuit and S u p rior C ourts ) A man I do busin ss with buys a hous from t
do s not liv p to his contract C an I g t som on who W ll comp l him to do so or mak
him p y for th loss to m v n i f h is bigg r physicall y or rich r D w l ct m who
will giv a squar d al to rich and p oor al k
I f th r is no such arrang m nt it will
m an a lot of bad f ling and viol nc and a v ry uns ttl d and dang rous and x p nsiv
and wast ful condition
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The State s A ttorney is the p rosecutor o f State cases ; tha t is criminal cases
brought a gainst p eople in the name o f the State o f Illinois He is elected b y the
peo p le o f the County
U nless we have a n honest energetic fearle ss State s
A t torney in this County es p ecially in our great City where it is so easy for crimi
na ls to hide and where there are bound to be so many tha t they can combine and
can a fford to raise la rge sums o f money to esca pe p unishment it would not be
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sa fe to live here The State s A ttorney is one o f the most im p ortant p rotectors
o f the peo p le o f the County
It is the duty o f the citizen to give the City Police D e p artment or to the
State s A ttorney and the Grand Jury informa tion he may have concerning any
crime that ha s been committed To fail to do so is not only to undermine his own
sa fety and to assist in the success o f crime but his silence makes him a pa rt ne r
enemy to all good citizens and to good order He
o f the c rim ina l and a real
is a traitor to his promise in the O ath o f A llegiance ( ST 4 3 4 5 ) to su pp ort and
de fend the laws against all enemies
I t is a gainst the laws and a ga inst the Constitutional ri ghts o f citizens for any
p erson to take the law into his own hands to p uni sh a p erson who has com
The p eo p le o f the U nited States declare in their
mitte d an offense against him
ha ll be by j ury ( ST 3 4 )
highest law that The trial o f all crimes
and t hat no one shall be de p rived o f life liberty or p ro p erty without due
process o f law ( ST
This is to p rotect us from mistakes a nd fals e accu
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F O RE S T PRE S ER VE S : A bout
acres
Literature may be
secured from the President o f the County B oard o f Commissioners
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35
LESS O N 1 0
S TA TE O F
ILLIN O IS
C o nne c t ing Ide a : The laws o f the State applied by the State Courts in
Cook County and by the County Courts already listed
There are 1 02 counties in the State of Illinois ( Show map ) Some o f the
laws we have been studying under the County government are the same in every
other County That means they were p as sed by one set o f men ; where do they
meet ? What are some o f these laws that the State gives ?
The laws that protect you from criminals S windlers and get rich quick cor
They make the laws to su p e rvise State B anks
p o ra tio ns
State laws requir e sa fe and health ful conditions for workmen and p rovid e
for com p ensation in case o f inj ury
They fix the election laws ; the laws concerning marriage etc and descent
o f pr operty They provide for a M o ther s Pension
They require all children t o receive a good common school education a nd
for th at purp ose regulate employment o f children
The state gives to Chicago its charter which gives and limits the ri ght to
control our own local a ffairs
A ll o f these laws which are o f such importance to the citizen are given b y
the State o f Illino i s
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M A P S T UD Y :
South line o f the E a stern
the square sha p e excep t
considered in Lesson 2
2 1 stars why ?
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Have students explain the origin o f the N orth a nd
border the E ast and West line o f the N orthern border
for river boundaries o f counties o f their own streets
Illinois a State since 1 8 1 8
Cook County Seal ha s
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LESS O N 1 1
ILLIN O IS ( C o nt inue d)
S T A TE o r
:
In the la st lesson we learned about some o f the im p ortant things the State
gives or the things tha t the pe o p le o f this C o unty and the p eo p le o f the o ther
counties g i v e a nd insure to each other T hey do this under their c o nt ra c t with
each other the S t a t e C o nst it u t io n approved by vote o f the p eo p le
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That Constituti o n says the laws o f Illinois shall be made by a G e ne ra l
To a ssemble
A sse m b ly made u p o f a senate and a house o f representatives
means to get together to come together However the U nited States C o nstitu
tion s p eaks of the general assembly a s the legislature ; so both names are used
General A ssembly and Legislature The word senate means the older men a s
they must be a t lea st 2 5 years while re p resentatives need be only 2 1
A ll State
officers take an oath to support the Constitution and laws
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The State Constitution says there shall b e 5 1 state senatorial districts from
each o f which one senator shall be elected for four years and also three re p re
How many state senators ? State re p resentatives ?
se nta tiv e s for two years each
Full number in both house s ? The Lieutenant Governor is President o f the
Senate These state senatori al districts are numbered I n what state senatorial
district do you live ? Fo r how many State Senators can you vote ? R e p resenta
tiv e s ?
What very im p ortant th ings what s p ecial law j ust for Chica go does the
State legislature give ? The City Charter
The legislature must meet on the
Wednesday next a fter the first M onday in January a fter the election o f members
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T he G o v erno r
commande r in chie f
To en force laws A pp oints many officers to a ssist him
Is
o f the State militia R ep orts to the legislature and rec o m
mends laws he thinks should be made ; can veto laws but they may be re p a ssed
ove r his obj ection
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C o urt The highest law o f the State ; seven justices elected
by the people for terms o f nine yea rs
T he S upre me
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The State Capital where the Governor resides and the legis
meets and the Supreme Court holds its sessions
S pringfi e ld
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la tu re
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S p ringfield was the home o f A braham Lincoln when he was elected to be
President ; he is buried there A braham Lincoln wa s nomina ted to be President
in the Wigwam at Chicago in 1 8 6 0 H is house and many o f his things may be
seen in Springfield M any o f his letters and other interesting things may be seen
a t the Chica go Historical Society and in the M emorial R o om in the Chica go
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Public Library There is a ca st o f the President s hand in the A rt Institute
It is holding a p iece o f a broom handle which he sawe d off in his wo odshed and
whittled smooth for the Chica go a rt ist who was in Springfield when he wa s
nominated
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The last census showed that Illinois has a po p ulation o f
which
very nea r hal f live in Cook County and o f these
live in the City o f Chica go
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LESS O N 1 2
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FEDER A L G O VER NM E N T
G overnment Chart )
THE
( See Student s Textbook and
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C o nne c t ing I dea :
We have learned in our study o f Illinois about the State Constitution and
that the State Constitution must agree with th e U nited State s Constitution in
imp ortant respects B ut be fore we study the Constitution let us see i f we can
find things that the U nited States gives us right here in Chicago and right in our
ha nds
Has any studen t anything with him here that he received from the
U nited States Government ? I mean besides the Textbook ?
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Someone will finally suggest that it is money
Who ha s the right to
H ave student
m ake money that is coins or currency ?
( S T p 3 1 Sec
t o coin money
The Congress shall have power
What
read :
are coins ? What is currency ? Have students examine both E veryone bears
the full name U nited States o f A meric a not merely U nited States as there are
other U nited states What is the full name o f our country ?
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Is it good money ? D o you find many bad pieces ? A s many as you did
in the old country ? Who sees that our money is kept clean ? When you get
bad money re p ort to the Secret Service Post O ffice B uilding from whom and
w hen you got it
Wha t country ha s the best money in the world especially now
( ST p 3 1 , last 2 lines )
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What dep artment o f the U S government has many men working in this City
busily engaged every hour o f the twenty four ? What rep resentat ive o f the U nited
States goes by your door every day several times or comes to your house ? The
mail car rier or collector Wha t is the greatest best and cheapest delivery service
in the U nited States ? The U nited States mail H as any one the right to delay
No
o r hinder the trans p ort a tion or delivery o f the mails ?
I t is U nited States
M ail A ny such offense is punished severely in the U nited States Courts Parcels
Post
Postal Savings B anks
M oney O rder Service
( S T 70 7 1 U S
Postal Savings System ; ST 32 I st line )
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What other dep artment offi cers o f the U nited States in Chicago ? Where
do you receive assistance to become a citizen ? ( S T 3 1 Sec 8 4 th para
gra p h ) The o ffice o f the Chie f N aturalization E xaminer is a t: R oom 776
Federal B uilding ( Post O ffice ) Clark A dams and D earborn Streets ; tele phone
H arrison 6 1 6 0 A ll information free
( See Government Cha rt )
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The Immigration Service 5 4 2 South D earborn Street
The U nited State s A ttorney the prosecutor o f o ffenses against the U nited
S tates and the U nited States M arshal who ha s a position similar to the sheriff in
the Cou nty government on the 8 th fl oor Post O ffic e B uilding
U nited States D istrict Courts 6 th floor Post O ffice B uilding ; Clerk o f
U nited States D istrict Court R oom 6 00 Post O ffice B uilding where naturaliza
tion p‘a p ers may also be filed
Who protects a State from fore i gn invasion ? The U nited States through
its A rmy a nd N avy
( See Powers o f Congress p 3 2 ST ) Who ha s the
Who is the Commander in Chie f o f the military and
p ower to declare War ?
naval forces o f the U nited States ?
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LESS O N 1 4
Point out the City County State ; that
M A P S T UD Y
live in Chica go ;
7 live in Cook County o f the p opulat ion o f
in I llinois Why do one hal f o f the peo p le o f Illinois l ive here ? It is the center
o f the richest a gricultural section in the world ( p oint out ) and is the natural
trans p ortation p oint ( p oint out ) it is hal f way between the iron and copp er ore
that is the section where your underground
( p o int out ) a nd the coal ( p oint out )
partners dig out your heat and p ower for you
tons o f it a year
for your use ; it is the y and your employers that give to your arms the s t rength
o f a thou sand horses i f you have the skill to use it This City is alive with
power wi th the p ower o f coal and steam and electricity ; wi th the p ower o f
money ; with the p ower o f good will and the s p irit o f I Will
Wha t is that
I Will ?
What is the device of our City ? O f our County ? O f our State ?
O f our Country ?
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Point
O ur
the Forest Pres e rves
o ut
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( See Student s Textbook ; also ! uotations ) Will one o f the
students undertake to memorize and recite R iley s lines ? O r others ? Saluting
the fl ag What are the fl ag days ? H ave you a fla g at home ?
O ur Holidays ( See Student s Textbook )
O ur N ational Hymn We rise a nd stand at attention during its rendition
Illinois our State song
Flag
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LE SS O N 1 5
See A dditional Lesson M aterial :
o ther subjects
M oney Its Pur p ose
,
and
U se
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etc
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and
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R eading
o f inex p ensive p am phlets on Washington Lincoln etc
those p ublished by Hall
M c C rea ry Chicago
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similar to
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A dvert to the fact tha t
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A merica
owes much o f its strength and desirability
to the fact that it takes its strength from all classes so far as they ca n exist in a
republic ; its strength come s out o f every household the cabin o f the Lincolns or
the m anor o f the W ashington s ; that all give their service and good will u nre
se rv e dly to our country
( See ! uotation N o 20 E xtract o f Washington s
Letter R e fusing Pay for Services as Commander in chie f ) That the well to do
man Wa shington gave his time and service at the continual danger o f his li fe
W ITH O U T P A Y to the government and also advanced a la rge p art o f his
fortune to the government in ex p enses ; that other patriots gave their fortunes
all risked their necks liberty and p ro p erty ; that p oorer men have always b ee n
j ust a s eager to do their duty like Lincoln and every soldier who had to face
death
That men O F A LL O R IGI N S have been inspired by what A merica
stands for to forget their differences and to stand toge ther in united su pp ort a s
pa rt ne rs o f the greatest and best government that human brain and hea rt have
been able to b ring forth the U N IT E D ST A T E S O F A M E R ICA
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41
LESS O N 1 7
S P E CIA L L E SS O NS
C O UR T S
O N O UR
.
In the foregoing pages the o p eration o f some o f the civil departments
has been sufficiently ex p lained but the Cou rts have only been touched upon
They dea l wi th matters o f absorbing human interes t The presentation o f case s
to the Court is material o f great dramatic value ; and these facts naturally suggest
a dramatic presentation to these students o f court procedure A ny dramatization
by the students or othe rs should be in accordance with the best practic e and
t ra ditions
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The students should take such part in these dramatizations as their
knowledge o f our language wil l allow Generally it will be confined to j ury
service and to ho lding the positions o f marshal or sheriff and clerk o f court The
j udge district or state s attorney and one other p erson to re p resent opposing
counsel must usually be secured outside the student body
I f the instructor is
p repared to take one o f these p ositions it leaves only two othe r p ositions t o be
s u pp lied
It is hoped that suitable p ersons can be found to make care ful p re p ara
t ion for a dramatic presentation o f cha racteristic scenes and situation s in our
courts This is a matter that should be taken u p with the A ssistant Superintendent
in charge in due time The re st o f the class will be s p ectators
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The cases p resented should touch such laws and situations a s a re likely
to concern these new citizens or their families ; this p re sentation will then be o f
direct educational value to the stude nt
Constitutional rights and guarantees
should be illustrated by suitable situations in the proceedings
3
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1
2
3
4
5
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schedule o f matters to be dramatized follows :
O ath o f office o f a j udge
Ceremony o f o p ening a term o f Court
A dmission o f an attorney : His oa th
Impaneling o f a grand j ury Instructions o f the Court
Hearing o f two cases by a grand j ury ; one on which N o B ill i s
voted the other A True B ill Taking a student into custody
A rraignment
D rawing a j ury and trial o f one com p le te criminal case
D rawing a j ury and trial o f o ne civil case
In these cases the
necessary degrees o f p roo f beyond a reasonable doubt and
greater weight to be ex p lained by the court to show the
sa feguards to the liberty o f the citizen
Hearing on a p etition for citizenshi p
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5
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A s this work will require s p ecial prepa ration ada p ted to the particular
,
ases selected for dramatization no further details are here given It is p robable
th at this work will occu p y about three sessions ; one for items 1 to 5 one session
fo r number 6 and one for numbers 7 and 8
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42
LESS O N 1 6 20
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C OS T
OF
G O VER N ME N T
.
Com p arative cost o f the City County State and N ati onal government
That the national government received between 4 0 0 and 5 00 millions the p as t
yea r The responsibilitie s o f our offi cers
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See Additional Lesson M aterial
R eview and whatever is necessary to com p lete the course
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1
E ! A M I N AT I O N O F
ST U DE N TS FO R ST U D E N T S D I PL O MA
BY N A T U RA LI Z A T I O N E ! A M I N E R S
.
To be a rranged by instructors through the A ssistant Superintendent
B lank examination slip should be obtained one or two sessions in advance
a nd should be distributed and filled out by s tudents rating and attendance marked
by instructor and slip then presented by each student as he is examined Thes e
examination sli p s may be secured from the Chie f N aturalization E xaminer 776
Post O ffice B uilding H arrison 6 1 6 0
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ST U D E N T S T E ! T B OO KS government cha rts
may be se cured from the A ssistant Su p erintendent
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p enmanshi p
hee ts
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N aturalization forms and
Ch i e f N aturalization E xamine r
information thereon may be secured from the
.
43
T H E N E W C I T I Z E N IS A N E W B U SI N E SS MA N A N D
M U S T A T T EN D T O H I S B U SI N E SS
C AN N O T
—
LE A VE I T A LL T O H I S P A R T N E R S
'
ctio n is no t o nl y to p u t t he b e s t m e n in b u t i t is j u s t a s
m uc h to k ee p a ll ot h er s out Y o u a r e to h el p r un t he g r ea t e st b usi
n e ss in t h e w o r l d t h e U n it e d S t a t e s G ov e r nm e n t y ou r S t a t e a n d
Y o u ar e to b e a full pa r t n er i n t hi s g r e a t b us i n e ss a nd
y ou r C i t y
a s a b us i n e ss m an y o u c an no l o ng er g e t a w a y fr om a b u s i ne ss m a n s
c are s ho ne st ly o r l ea v e i t al l to y ou r p a r t ne r s A b us ine ss ma n ha s
t o w o rk j ust as ha r d to k e e p s e co n d cl a ss h el p er s out a s t o g e t fi rs t
cl a ss h el p e r s in a nd i t is t he s a m e in t he e le ct io ns T h e p e o p le s
b us in e ss must b e r u n o n b usi ne ss p ri n c i pl es o r i t w ill su ffer a n d
i n j u r e n o t o nl y y o u , w ho m a y ha v e n eg l e ct e d y ou r dut y b u t y our
T ha t is n o t fa i r to y ou r pa r t n er s
p ar t ne r s w ho did t h ei r dut y
An
el e
,
.
,
,
.
,
’
.
,
-
’
.
,
,
‘
.
.
t he s e el e ct io n s t he r e a re m a ny t hin g s to b e de ci de d a b out
i m pr ov e m e n ts t ha t m a y b e n e e de d o r h o w m u ch mo n e y w e s hou l d
N o t t o stu dy a nd h e l p de ci de t h e s e q u e st i o n s
S p e nd o r b o r r o w
t ha t w ill b e p u t u p to y o u co r r e ctly is a n i nj u s t i c e to y ou r p a r t ne r s
a n d fel l o w c it i z en s a nd to t h os e w h o a r e s el e ct e d t o c a r r y o n y ou r
b us in e ss
In
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
E v er y p ri va t e ci t iz en in t h e U ni t e d S t a t e s h as a t l e a st t w o b us i
n e ss e s to a tt e nd to , hi s P R I VA T E b us ine ss , b y w hic h h e m ak e s a
liv i ng ,
fr u its
ru n
his P U B L I C b us in e ss , b y w hi ch h is r i g h ts to e n j o y t he
T he s e b usi n e ss e s w il l n o t
o f his pr i va t e b us in e ss a r e a ssu r e d
a nd
.
t he ms e lv e s
S o , l e t us
We must a tt e nd to b ot h
.
.
to o u r p a r t ner s a n d l iv e u p to t h e pl e dg e o f
fr om t h e fi r st ci ti z e n to t he l a st t h e p l e dg e o f l ife
a ll c i t i z e n s
fo r tu n e a n d s a c re d h o n o r
b e fa i r
all
,
!
,
,
!
.
,
to S T
s ecret ballot etc )
( R e fer
,
.
pp 4 0 4 1
—
.
,
.
for definition o f primary and general election ;
UO
I O II S
for U s e
l z e ns
.
a sse s
1
C o m piled w i th
F
in
a
F o rew o rd
W WE BE R
.
N O VE M BE R
1 920
B OA R D O F E D UC AT I O N
C H I C AG O
,
I LL
.
F O R E WO R D T O
! U O T AT I ON S
To the Instructor in Citizenshi p :
In the generous warmth o f sim p ler and fairer conce p tions o f huma n rela
tions and through tireless labors to clear the ground to plant and to cultivate thes e
p rinci p les men o f A merica have voiced a new s p irit and ideal in living words
that for all time will be the insp iration o f citizens o f our republic a nd o f freemen
everywhere
Forged in the furnace o f passionate devotion a nd endeavor and
under the pressure o f desperate situations in an e p och alive with the thought o f a
broader freedom and equality these words will always have a vitality and p ower
to stir and to ins p ire that no p a ra p hrase can equal
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
These words disclose such unvarnished tru th and direct rea soning a nd they
light so candidly the lessons o f ex perience and history unsh aded by conceit o f
or selfish interest that at the earliest
a ccidental or fancied su p eriority hy p ro c risy
o pp ortunity they should be brought forward by the instructor to hel p light the
pa thway o f our new citizens a nd to illuminate for them as they do for us the
ideals o f truth and j ustice towa rd which the efforts of our citizens must ever be
directed
It is ho p ed that instructor and student in citizenshi p cla sses will find
frequent re fere nce to these selections an interesting feature o f their study The
selections are numbered to facilitate such re ference
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
It would b e desirable to include p ithy sayings o f A mericans who have
devoted themselves more exclusively to p ractical a ffairs ; but in general their
material works and p erformance speak clearly for the lightening o f heavy burdens
for multi p lying obj ects o f necessity and com fort as the ex p ression o f their desire
to serve the commonwealth That the daily labor o f these adult students and the
products o f their toil and industry sp ea k to us the same message o f dignity and
equality o f labor and service a s the stirring words and deeds o f other p atriots is
a tru th they should take wi th them from their studies to su pp ort th em and ins p ire
them and to hel p remind them tha t all em p loyer and em p loye p roducer and con
sumer however they may be se p arated by modern conditions a re still fellow
citizens who a re working toge ther for each other ; and that the best gua ranty o f
domestic wel fa re and external sa fety lies in a s p irit o f j ustice and in fair deal ing
a mong all citizens
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
C HI C A G O
I
:
O U R H O M E T O WN
.
B e it ever so humble
There s no place like home
Howard Payne
,
.
’
.
—
2
.
Will you seek a far o ff ? Y o u surely come
In things best known to you finding the best
In folks nearest to you finding the sweetest
Happiness knowledge not in another place
N o t for ano ther hour but this hour
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
3
.
.
back at last
or a s good a s the best
strongest lov ing e st
but this place
Walt Whitman
,
,
,
,
,
—
.
To own a bit o f ground to scratch it with a hoe to p lant seed and
watch their renewal o f li fe this is the commonest delight o f the race the
most satis factory thing one can do
Ch arles D udley Warner
,
,
—
,
—
.
4
.
.
A great city is that which ha s the greatest men and women
,
I f it be a few ragged huts it is still the greatest city in the whole world
Walt Whitman
.
—
.
Prophecy o f the G rea t C ity o f the L a kes by R o bert Chevalie r de La
Salle in the year 1 6 82 to a friend in France :
A fter many toils I came to the hea d o f a great l ake and rested
for some days on the b ank o f a river o f feeble current now flowing
into the lake but which occupies the course that formerly the waters
o f these great lakes took as they flowed southward to the M issis sippi
This is the lowest point on the divide between the two great
R iver
valleys o f the St Lawrence and the M ississippi
The boundless
regions o f the West must send their products to the E ast through this
TH IS W I LL B E T H E G A T E O F E M P I R E TH IS
p oint
E verything invites to action
T H E S E A T O F C O MM E R C E
The typical man who will grow up here must be an enterprising
man
E ach day a s he rises there will be spre ad be fore
him a boundles s horizon an illimitable field o f activity
5
,
,
,
!
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
!
,
6
.
She stands the living embodiment o f her motto
M ayor William Hale Thompson
‘
I W ILL
!
.
,
’
.
.
7
.
1 6 73
1 6 79
1 804
.
First visited by white men M arquette and Jo ile t
V isited by La Salle in The Griffin
Fort D earborn ( named a fter Gen Henry D earborn then Secre
,
.
!
.
.
!
.
.
,
tary o f War under President Thomas Jefferson ) the reserva
tion extending from the present Washington Street to the
R iver and West to the middle o f State Street
City organized popula tion
Galena ( now Chica go 8: N orthwestern )
First railroad Chica go
,
.
1 8 35
1 84 8
.
1 86 0
.
.
,
l
,
.
A braham Lincoln nominated for President in the Wigwam at
Chica go
Then a city o f
furnished
soldiers for
l 8 6 l l 86 5
Lincoln s armies a nd navies to preserve the U nion
Great Chica go Fire ( Chicago D a y O ctober 9th) loss in prop
1871
e rty
business etc
out o f a total estimated
value o f
be fore the fire nearly one hal f
The H ayma rket R iot The end o f A narchists in this town
1 8 86
.
~
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’
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
—
-
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6
1 893
The World
.
Columbian E xposition in J ackson Park ; 4 00th
A nniversary o f the D iscovery o f A merica by Columbus
Furnishe d four militia regiments and thousands o f other v o lun
teers to the regular army in the Spanish American War
Sanitary D istrict Canal opened and lake water turned in
Great A eronautical meet in Grant Pa rk
1 918
C hic a go in the Wo rld Wa r :
’
s
.
1 8 98
.
—
.
1 90 0
.
191 1
.
.
.
191 7
-
.
N umber o f men furnished for military service
o f ca sualties ( in France )
Wa r charities
Subscriptions to wa r bonds
N umber
1 920
C E N SU S :
C H ICA G O
"C OO K C O U N T Y
I LLI N O IS
"
P o p ulat on of th WH O L E U nit d S tat s at
3’
o f which
w r slav s and
now in C ook C ounty alon
e
e
e
e
e
i
the
w r fr
e e
e
ee
irst C nsus in 1 790 was
th r
n arly that many
F
;
e
e
a re
e
e
pe
rsons
e.
!
C O M M ON SE N S E
8
.
9
.
!
.
Knavery and fl atte ry a re blood relation s
A
—
.
Lincoln
.
I f you once forfeit the confidence o f your fellow citizens you can
never regain their res p ect and esteem
I T IS T R U E T HA T Y O U
M A Y FOO L A LL T H E P E O PL E S O M E O F T H E T I M E ; Y O U
C A N E V E N FOO L S O M E O F T H E P E O PL E A LL T H E T I M E ;
'
BU T YO U C A N T FOO L A LL O F T H E P E O PL E A LL T H E
T I ME
A Lincoln
-
,
.
—
.
10
.
.
M y reliance is u p on the unso phisticated good sense and noble spirit
o f the A merican p eople
William Pinkney
—
.
1 1
.
.
I s it not the glory o f the people o f A merica that while they have
paid a decent res p ect to the o p inions o f former times and other nations
they have not su ffered a blind veneration for that antiquity fo r custom or
for names to overrule the suggestions o f their own good sense the knowledge
o f their own situation and the lessons o f their own ex p eriences ? J ames
M adison
,
,
,
,
,
—
,
.
We will walk on our own feet ; we will work with our own hands ;
we will s p ea k our own mind s R W E merson
—
.
12
.
13
.
E nergy
.
-
.
and persistence conquer all thing s
D ost
—
B Franklin
.
.
thou love li fe ? Then do not squander time for that is the stu ff
li fe is made o f B Franklin
,
—
.
14
.
and I were never intended to wea r these things I f they were
stronger they might do well enough to kee p out the cold but they are a
failure to shake hands with between old friends like u s A Lincoln try
ing to e t on a p air o f kid glove s to please f w ( friend wi fe ) addressing
a frieng
!
.
.
Yo u
.
,
—
.
.
:7
.
.
,
,
C O U N TR Y :
D U T Y A N D SE R VI CE T O O UR
’
I love my country s good with a resp ect more tender more holy
and p ro found than my whole lif e
Shakespeare the U niversal
!
,
,
—
15
.
,
,
The only princi p les o f public conduct that are worthy of a gentle
ma n or a man are to sacrifice estate ease heal th and a pp lause and even
li fe to the sacred cause o f his country
J ames O tis
.
,
,
,
,
,
—
,
16
.
17
.
.
.
We must all hang together or we will hang sep arately
,
B Franklin
—
.
.
.
B urn B oston ! and make J ohn Hancock a beggar i f the public good
requires it
John Hancock
—
.
.
18
A ll I have to say is that I regret I h ave but one li fe to lose for my
country
N a than H ale
.
—
.
.
19
I will take the lead and be the first to advance Y o u that are willing
to follow p oise your fire lo c ks l E than A llen at Fort Ticonderoga
.
,
.
—
.
,
20
A s to
sir I beg leave to a ssure the Congress that as no pecuniary
consideration could have tem p ted me to accept this a rduous emp loyment a t
the expense o f my domestic ease and ha pp iness I DO N O T W IS H T O
I will kee p an exact account o f
M A K E A N Y P R O FIT FR O M I T
my expenses These I do not doub t they will discharge and that is all I
desire
George Wa shington to the President o f Congress refusing pay
for serv i ce when a pp ointed C o mm a nder in C hie f o f the A merican A rmy
.
p ay ,
,
,
.
.
,
,
—
,
.
,
~
~
,
21
.
22
.
.
U nited
we stand divided we fall
,
—
.
M otto o f Kentucky
The struggle o f today is not altogether for today
future also
A Lincoln
.
I t is for a vast
.
—
,
23
.
.
.
I a p peal to you again to constantly bear in mind that with you ( the
p eo p le ) and not with politicians not with p residents not with o ffi ce seekers
but with you is the question shall the U nion and shall the liber ties o f the
country be p reserved to the last generatio n A Lincoln
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
—
.
,
24
.
25
.
I have faith in the peo p le
—
.
A
.
Lincoln
.
.
H ere without contemp lating consequences be fore Heaven and in
the face o f the world I swear eternal fi delity to the j ust cause of the land
o f my li fe my liberty and my love
A Lincoln
,
,
,
,
~—
,
26
.
.
,
.
,
when I may I want it said o f me by those who know me that I
always plucked a thistle and planted a flower where I thought a flower
would grow
A Lincoln
D ie
,
,
'
—
.
27
.
The
Lincoln
.
.
p erpetuity o f our institutions depends upon ourselves
—
.
A
.
.
28
.
I will be as harsh as tru th and a s uncompromising as j ustice
William Lloyd Garrison
.
.
29
It s faith in somethin g an enthus iasm for something that makes a li fe
O W Holmes
worth looking a t
’
.
,
—
.
30
31
.
.
.
.
.
Citizenship has its duties a s well as its pr iv ilege s
There they are boys !
w idow
Gen John Sta rk
,
—
.
.
—
B enj amin Harris on
'
.
We beat them today or M ollie Sta rk s a
,
.
8
32
I will face the enemy until I die
.
H old the fort I a m comin g
.
.
Gen W T Sherman
—
,
34
Gen N ichola s Herkimer
—
.
.
.
.
.
E very man must be for th e U nited States or a gainst it
no neutrals in this wa r
Stephen A D ouglas 1 8 6 1
There ca n be
.
—
.
35
.
,
’
I f I can t be President I a t least can hold his ha t
Ste phen A
D ougla s Lincoln s o p posing candidate a t the inauguration o f Presiden t
Lincoln
—
.
,
.
’
,
,
.
36
.
Y o u a re the navy you are the a rmy you are the State
John D Long
the Citize n
,
,
for you
,
a re
—
.
37
.
The A merica n patriot ha s a different obj ect
from any
other kind o f patriot who ever lived be fore our government was founded
These other p atriots defended themselves and their own children ; they
fought to hold their own power and the privileges o f their own class
The A merican p atriot lives for the great commonwealth
He do es
not defend merely his own rights ; he does not vote for his own rights or his
own interest Show him what is best for all the people
He stands to
de fend and serve them
Charles F D ole
.
.
.
.
.
—
.
38
.
39
.
.
.
E very voter exercises a public trus t
Grover Cleveland
‘
The the ft is to the th ie f and comes back most to him
The gi ft is to the giver and comes back most to him
A nd no man understands any greatness or goodness but his own or the
indication o f his own
Walt Whitman
—
.
,
,
,
,
,
—
.
40
.
.
There are many qualities which we need alike in p rivate citizen and in
public man but three above all three for the lack o f which no brilliancy
and no genius can atone and those three are coura ge honesty and common
sense
Theodore R oosevelt
,
,
,
,
,
—
.
.
E D U CA T I ON
41
Were hal f the p ower tha t fi lls the world with terror
Were hal f the wealth bestowed o n camps and courts
Given to redeem the human mind from error
There were no need o f a rsenals and forts
H W Longfellow
.
,
,
,
.
—
.
42
.
.
.
Let us by all wise and constitutional mea sures p romote intelligence
among the pe o p le a s the best means o f preserving our libertie s
James
M onroe
—
.
43
.
R eligion
and the
morality and knowledge being necessary to good govern
ment
ha p piness o f mankind schools and the means o f education
shall forever be encourage d Article 3 O rdinance o f 1 7 8 7 for the gov
e rnme nt o f the t erritory o f the U nited States N orthwest o f the R iver Ohio
,
,
,
—
,
,
.
44
O n the diffusion of education among
.
and perpetuation o f our free institutions
45
.
—
.
the
people rests the p reservation
D Webster
.
,
.
I t was in making education not only common to all but in some sense
compulsory on all that the destiny o f A merica wa s practically settled
J R Lowell
,
.
,
.
.
.
9
46
.
There is one thing that I have learned
word through
A Lincoln
It is only
.
o ne
!
!
—
.
.
47
.
The true p rosperity and greatness o f a nation is to be found in the
elevation and education o f its laborer s U S Grant
.
—
.
48
.
.
It is the high p rivile ge and sacred duty o f those now li v ing to educate
their successors for the inheritance which awaits them School houses a re
N ext in importa nce to freedom and
t he R e p ublic s line o f fortifications
j ustice is popular education without which neither j ustice nor freedom can
be permanently maintained J ames A Garfield
.
.
’
.
,
—
.
.
E ! UA LI T Y :
49
.
God must like the common people or he would not have made so
many o f the m A Lincoln
,
—
.
50
.
.
I never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the senti
ments embodied in the D ecla ration o f Independence I t w a s that which gave
p romise that in due time the weights would be li fted from the shoulders of
all men and that all should have an equal chance
A Lincoln
,
,
.
—
.
.
,
The cause o f the least o f Americans is the cause o f all A merica
Henry George
.
.
We know
-
FLA C
53
.
T H E S T A R S P A N G LE D B A N N E R
—
:
I ts
Its
Its
Its
masters ; we acknowledge no dictator s
no
—
D
Webster
.
.
:
strip es o f red eternal dyed with heart streams o f all lands ;
white the snow capped hills that hide in storm the i r upraised hands ;
blue the oce an waves that beat round freedom s circled shore ;
stars the print o f angel s feet that burn forevermore
J ames Whitcomb R iley
-
,
-
,
,
’
,
’
.
,
-
.
Keep the fl ag flying !
55
.
D on
t give up the ship l
’
The R e p ublic never re treats
known de fea t A
B everidge
James Lawrence
—
.
I ts flag is the only fla g that ha s never
.
—
.
56
.
T he A merican fla g older than fl ags o f other countries :
American flag ado p ted June 1 4 1 7 77
French tricolor a dopte d 1 794
Grea t B ritain s present banner ado p ted 1 8 0 1
German E mpire 1 8 70
.
,
.
.
’
.
,
O ur fla g is the banner o f dawn
I t means Liberty : the galley slave
the p oor o pp ressed conscri p t the down trodden creature of foreign des p ot
ism sees in the A merica n fla g th at very promise a nd prediction o f God
The p eo p le which sat in darkness saw a grea t light a nd to the m which
"
sat in the region and shadow o f death li ght is s p rung u p
D Webster
.
,
~
,
,
,
!
,
—
,
.
.
.
The fairest vision on which these eyes ever rested was the fla g o f my
country in a foreign port
B eautiful a s a flower to those who love it
terrible as a meteor to those who hate it it is the symbol of the p ower and
George
the glory and the honor o f a hundred millio n o f A merican s
Frisb ie Hoa r
.
,
,
—
.
10
to tyrants is obedience to G o d
R esistance
liberty only
Wi nthrop
A
to
t
hat which is good
B enj amin Franklin
—
,
j ust and hones t
—
.
John
.
Liberty and union one and inseparable now and forever
Webster
,
,
D ani el
'
—
.
.
70
.
O ur fathers repudiated
the
whole doctrine o f the legal superior ity o f
families or races and proclaimed an equality of men be fore the law U pon
Thaddeus Stevens
that they crea ted a rev olution and built a re p ublic
.
—
.
71
.
72
.
I am for freedom everywher e
A
—
Lincoln
.
.
.
This na tion under God shall have a new birth o f freedom TH A T
G O V ER N M E N T O F T H E P E O PL E BY T H E P E O P L E A N D
FO R T H E P E O PL E S H A LL N O T P E R IS H FR O M T H E
EA R T H
A braham Lincoln
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
—
.
.
73
.
Golden shackles by whomsoever or by whatsoever p retense impo sed
are as fatal to our country as are the iron bands o f despotism
William
Henry Harrison
,
,
—
.
_
.
74
.
D espots
are made p ossible by slavish minds and venal souls What
does it avail to be the citizen o f a power ful and free State if we ourselves
‘
are weak and the slav e s o f gree d John Lancaster S p alding
.
,
—
.
75 ;
Commerce is born o f freedom
Charles Sumner
'
—
.
O ur p eople are free in eve y sense
free in the sense o f M agna Charta
Henry A Wise
r
and beyond M agna Charta
.
—
.
—
.
.
H I S T O R Y A N D R EFE R E N C E S T O T H E D E C LA R A T I O N O F
I N DE PE N D E N C E T H E C O N S T I T U T I O N G R O WT H A N D
M E A N I N G O F O UR R E P U B LI C :
,
,
C OL U MB U S
77
.
The good maid said :
N o w must we p ray
Fo r 10 ! the very stars are gone
B rave A dmiral speak : what shall I say ?
‘
Why say Sail on ! sail on ! and on !
Joaquin M iller
A ll p arts away for the p rogress o f souls
I announce s p lendors and maj esties to make a ll the previous p olitics o f the
earth insignificant
I announce a life that shall be co p ious vehement spiritual bold
Walt Whitman
!
.
,
.
!
,
!
’
,
.
78
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
79
.
The world is a battlefield strewn with the wrecks o f government and
institutions o f theories and o f fa i ths that h ave g one down in the ravage o f
year s
H enry W Grady
,
—
.
.
12
80
In the fullness o f time a R epublic rose up in the wilderness o f
America Thousands o f years had pa ssed away be fore this child o f the
a ges could be born From whatever there was o f good in th e systems o f
former centuries she drew her nourishment ; the wrecks o f the past were her
wa rnings
She washed the gold o f political wisdom from the
sands wherever it wa s found ; she cle ft it from the rocks ; she gleaned it
among the ruins
She entrusted the guardianshi p o f establishe d
rights to law ; the movements o f re form to the s p irit o f the p eo p le a nd drew
her force from the happy reconciliation o f both George B ancroft
.
.
.
.
.
—
.
81
Here the free spirit o f mankind a t length
Throws its la st fetters o ff; a nd who shall place
A limit to the giant s unchained strength
O r curb his swi ftness in the forward race ?
William Cullen B ryant
.
’
,
—
82
.
The pla n o f this Government was laid on the shores of the lake o f
Galilee when the Savior o f mankind taught that in the sight o f God all
men a re equal
B ourke Cockran
.
,
—
.
83
.
Humanity has won its suit in A merica so that liberty will never mor e
be without a re fug e
M arquis de La fayette
.
,
—
.
84
I t wa s not only the inde p ende nce o f A merica which was the n
decla red ; it was the dignity o f human natur e
George Frisb ie H oar
.
—
.
85
O ur political creed is
that the will o f the p eo p le is the
source and the ha pp iness o f the peo p le the end o f all legitimate governmen t
u p on ea rth John ! uincy A dams
.
,
,
—
.
86
The great obj ect o f a free peo p le must be so to frame their government
and laws and so to administer them as to create a confidence in a nd
respect for the laws
R ichard Henry Lee
.
,
,
.
—
.
87
.
Freedom
o f rel igion freedom o f the p ress freedom o f p erson unde r
the p rotection o f habea s cor p us and trial by j uries im p a rtially selected
these princi p les for the bright constellation which has gone be fore us a nd
guided our ste p s through an a ge o f revolution and re formatio n
Thoma s
Je fferson
.
,
,
,
—
.
88
A merica
will be the broad and solid foundation o f other stupendou s
fabrics reared on the ba sis o f liberty and not less ma gnificen t A lexande r
Hamilton
.
—
,
.
89
.
M e n may die but the fabrics o f our free institutions remain unshaken
Chester A A rthur
,
—
.
90
.
.
The civilized world is tending to re p ublicanism and our own grea t R epublic
i s destined to be the guiding star to all nation s U S Grant
.
,
—
.
91
.
.
Thou too sail on O Shi p o f State !
Sail on O U N I O N strong and great !
Huma nity wi th all its fears
With all the ho pe s o f future years
Is hanging breathless on thy fate !
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
—
H W Longfellow
.
92
.
.
.
The success o f our re p ublic has changed the whole t rend o f huma n
though t
B ourke Cochran
—
.
13
93
.
O urs is the one great nation o f the
ican R e p ublic s
94
.
John M Thurston
—
.
N ew
World the M other o f A mer
,
.
T he A mer i can R e p ublic was established by the un ited valor and
wisdom o f the lovers o f liberty from all land s D aniel W V oorhees
—
.
95
.
Pessimists and cynics cannot develo p this country
.
Charles E
—
.
.
fi u ghe s
96
O ur government has trodden down no man s liberties ; it has crushed
’
.
no State Its daily res p iration is liberty and patriotism ; its yet youth ful
veins are full o f enterprise and courage and honorable lo v e o f glory and
renown
D aniel Webster
.
,
—
.
97
N othing from man s h ands nor l aw nor constitution can be final
T ruth alone is fina l Charles Sumner
’
.
,
,
,
.
—
.
.
98
.
The principle o f free government a dheres to the A merican soil
bedded in it immutable as the mo unta ms
D aniel Webster
It
.
_
is
—
,
99
.
1 00
.
.
.
.
A merica means the freedom o f the rac e
There
S p alding
IS
John Henry B arrows
—
inspiration in the a i r o f A merica
.
John Lancaster
—
.
.
101
.
They fou nded institutions which have withstood the test o f foreign
inva sion o f political passions o f p arty stri fes of individual ambition and
the shock o f the mightiest civil war the world has ever seen The influ
ence o f their success ful ex p eriment
has rev o lutionized and
l iberalized the government s o f the gl o be
Chauncey M D epew
,
,
,
.
—
.
.
1 02
.
.
The future what w ill it be ?
There will be inequalities
among me n and passions will disturb the p eace o f soul s ; but I do bel ieve
there will be more mercy in the world more j ustice more righteousne ss
There will be m ore respect for manhood
B rute force will
more and more yield to reason ; mind will more and more assert itsel f
over matter and over passion
Which will be Providence s chosen nation to guide now th e
d estinies of mankind ?
The N ation o f the future ? N eed I name it ?
Y our hearts quive r lov i ng i t :
M y country tis o f thee
Sweet land o f Liberty
O f thee I sing
John Ireland
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
’
,
’
,
,
,
.
.
1 03
’
.
I know that E urope s wonderful yet something see ms to lack ;
The p ast is too much with her and the people looking back
B ut the glory o f the Present is to make the future free
We love the land for wha t she is to be
Oh it s home a gain and home a gain A merica for me !
I want a ship that s westward bound to p lough the rolling sea
To the blessed Land o f R oom E nough beyond the ocean bars
Where the air is full o f sunlight and the flag is full o f stars
Henry Va n Dyke
,
,
.
,
.
’
,
,
,
’
,
,
.
,
—
1 04
.
What I am I owe to my country
14
—
.
U S Grant
.
.
.
.
L AB O R :
1 05
I wa s a hired laborer Free l abor ha s the inspira tion o f hope th e
power o f hope upon huma n exertion and happiness is wonder ful
A bra ham Lincoln
.
.
,
.
.
1 06
.
The one grea t lesson which sums up the teaching o f A merican his
tory is the dignity o f labor
George Frisb ie Hoar
—
.
1 07
.
Ah l ittle recks the laborer
How near his work is holding him to God
The loving Laborer th rough space and time
Walt Whitman
,
,
.
M I LI T A R Y P O WE R A N D
WA R
,
.
:
War is hell
Gen William Tecumseh Sherm an
Force is all conquering but its victories a re short live d
Lincoln
—
.
1 08
.
.
—
.
A braham
—
,
.
1 09
.
To p re p are for wa r is one o f the most effectual means o f
serving peace
George Washington
p re
—
.
1 10
.
M illions for de fense
S Pinkney
.
111
.
.
sir but not one cent for tribut e
—
,
,
Charles
.
In my o p inion there never was a good war or a bad
B enj amin Franklin
p eace
.
.
1 12
.
Let us have faith that right ma kes mi ght a nd in that faith let us
to the end da re to do our duty as we understand it A braham Lincoln
,
,
—
.
,
1 13
Let us have
!
.
p eace
"
( Gen Grant stretching his hand to Gen
.
.
,
.
.
Lee )
.
14
.
A lth o u g h a
oldier by education a nd p ro fession I have never felt
any sort o f fondne ss for wa r and have never advocated it exce p t as a
means o f p eace
T he truth is I am more o f a farmer than a soldier ; I take little
interest in military a ffairs ; and although I entered the army thirty five
years a go and have been in two wars I never went into the army
without regret and never retired without p leasure
General U S
Grant
s
,
.
,
-
,
,
,
—
,
.
.
.
.
1 15
.
The government o f the U nited States wa s not calculated to wa ge
offensive foreign wa r ; it wa s established for the common wel fare and
de fens e
John R andol ph
—
.
1 16
.
The ha pp iness pros p erity and advancement o f our country have
been the o ffs p ring o f freedom and not o f p owe r
James K Polk
,
—
.
,
117
.
.
.
The U nited States cannot act u p on the ancient heresy that might
makes righ t
Carl Schurz
—
.
1 18
.
T H E M I LIT A RY S H A LL BE I N ST R ICT S U BO R D I
Section 1 5 A rticle I I
N A T I O N T O T H E C I V I L P OW E R
Illinois Constitution o f 1 8 70
—
.
.
15
,
.
P O L I TI CA L P R E C E P T S
1 19
.
With malice toward none ; with charity for all ; with fi rmness in the
righ t A braham Lincoln
—
.
1 20
.
Politics is but the common pulse beat o f which revolution is the fever
spa sm
Wendell Phillips
-
—
.
.
There is no R epublican no D emocrat on the Fourth o f July
all are A mericans A ll feel that their country is greater than party
James G B laine
!
1 21
.
!
!
!
,
.
.
.
1 22
.
1 23
.
.
.
Sir I would rather be right than to be Presiden t
Henry Clay
—
,
D ear
is my country dea rer still is Liberty ; dearest o f all is truth
Francis Lieber
,
.
.
.
1 24
.
1 25
.
B e fore men made us citizens grea t N ature made us men
,
Lowell
—
.
He that does good for goo d s s ake seeks neither praise nor reward
though sure o f both at las t Willi am Penn
,
.
,
—
.
1 26
.
The w aste o f
Cleveland
p ublic money i s a cr i me a gainst the citize n
Gro v er
—
.
1 27
.
The public money
Franklin
raised from all
,
,
belongs to all
—
.
B enj amin
.
1 28
.
There is no such thing as a small inj ustice A ll inj ustices strike at
the root o f human wel fare
Thoma s E Watson
.
—
.
R E LA T I O N S
1 29
1 30
.
.
WI T H O T H E R
N A T I ON S :
M ankind are all o f a family
"
A br aham Lincoln said
"
!
,
.
.
No
B enj amin Franklin
—
.
.
man was ever created good enough to
own another
nation wa s ever created good enough to own another
George F Hoa r
,
No
.
—
.
1 31
.
.
Foster
a s p irit o f inde p endence too j ust t o invade the right s of
o thers
too proud to surrender our own too liberal to indulge unworthy
p rej udices ourselves and too eleva ted not to look down upon them in
other s
James M adison
,
,
,
—
.
1 32
.
O ur country !
M ay she always be in the righ t ; but our country right
or wrong l Ste phen D ecatur
O ur country ! When right to be kep t right ; when wrong to be pu t
right
Ca rl Schurz
O bse rve good faith and j ustice towards all nations ; cultivate peace
and ha rmony with all
A gainst the insidious wiles o f foreign influence ( 1 conj ure you to
believe me fellow citizens ) the j ealousy o f a free people ought to be
constantly awake since history and ex p erience prove that foreign influence
is o ne o f the most bane ful foes o f republican government It is folly in
one nation to look for disinterested factors from a nother
There can be no greater error than to ex p ect or calc ulate up on real favors
from nation to nation
It is an illusion which ex p erience must cure
which a j ust p ride ought to discard George Washington
,
—
.
—
.
1 33
.
.
'
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
’
—
.
16
WOM E N
1 34
A S PA T R I O T S :
A ll
.
Lincoln
1 35
.
ha t I am or hope to be I owe to my aged mother
t
,
,
—
.
A braham
.
I f all that has been said by orators and poets since the creation o f
the world in p raise o f women were a p plied to the women o f A merica it
would not do them j ustice for their conduct during the war
A braham
Lincoln
,
—
.
.
1 36
.
Patriotic men cannot be p roduced in homes where
M ay Wright Sewall
do not exist
p atriotic
women
—
.
.
The best o f teachers a good mother
1 37
,
Louise B arnum R obbins
—
.
.
VO T I N C
1 38
.
A t one time questions were settled by fi ghting them out with clubs
,
until some genius suggested that about as fair a decision might be reached
with less trouble by counting noses instead o f broken heads The side
with the greatest number won That was a victory o f a maj ority over
military government
,
.
,
.
.
I n a R e p ublic it is necessary for all citizens to vote in order that
decisions shall be made by a fair maj ority and not by a better organized
or sel fish minority This is the only way to insure that the maj ority shall
be satis fied to u phold the laws and the government
To fail to vote
should there fore be considered a crime against other citizens and a gainst
the State a nd a s a failure to live up to the contract in the oath to support
and de fend our constitution and laws which ca n be ke p t in force only
through p o p ular elections
:
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
17
,