Fort Pembina the first permanent non-­‐Indian settlement in North Dakota. Pemmican a healthful food made of dried meat mixed with fat and dried fruit. Corps of Discovery The Lewis and Clark expedition St. Louis, Missouri May 21, 1804 The Corps of Discovery left on their expedition from what city and in what year? keelboat a 55 foot flat-­‐bottom boat with a sail, oars, or long poles. Fort Mandan Where did the Corps of Discovery spent the first winter of their journey. It was built near the Mandan and Hidatsa village. Sakakawea became part of the Corps of Discovery when her husband was hired as an interpreter. Born Shoshone captured by Hidatsa at 11 years old St. Louis, Missouri September 23, 1806 . The Corps of Discovery returned from their expedition to what city and in what year? Many traders traveled up the Missouri River to trade with the Indians. Positive effect of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Indians lost their land, died from diseases, and most of bison were killed. Negative effect of the Lewis and Clark Expedition American Fur Company The largest and most successful fur company in the United States. It started in ND. “The Greatest Adventure of American History” What was the journey that President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on was called? Fort Lisa The first American trading post in North Dakota Fort Union the most important and longest lasting fur trading post on the Upper Missouri Fort Abercrombie the first military fort built in North Dakota on the Red River Fort Rice the first military fort on the Missouri River in North Dakota to protect settlers, gold seekers, and those building the railroads In the 1860’s what was the purpose of the military built forts in this area? General Sibley and General Sully two army leaders sent to North Dakota to fight against the American Indians Infantry soldiers on foot Cavalry soldiers on horseback laundress a woman who washed clothes for the soldiers. “Suds Row” What was the part of the fort called where the women lived that did the laundry for the soldiers? Euro-­‐Americans travelling on steamboats brought diseases such as small pox. Many American Indians died because they had no immunity to these diseases. The fur traders and steamboats brought tragedy to the American Indians. What was this tragedy? Battle of the Little Bighorn What battle was a total disaster for the U.S. Army. Lt. Colonel George Custer and his entire 7th Cavalry was wiped out by Lakota Indians. Toussaint Charbonneau Thomas Jefferson Jean Baptiste Pierre La Verendrye David Thompson Metis Northern Pacific Railroad It was a 6 foot high wall of sod around a circle of wagons. an interpreter and Sakakawea’s husband U.S. President that sent Lewis and Clark on the expedition Sakakawea’s son first non-­‐Indian to set foot in North Dakota located the exact location of the 49th parallel people who were half French and half Chippewa The Frontier Era ended when what entered North Dakota in 1872? Fort Dilts was built to hold off an Indian attack while they waited for help from General Sully. What was unusual about this fort? ver Red Ri
A Red River cart was a high, two-­‐wheeled wagon built entirely of wood. The wheels were about 5 feet in diameter. They were very strong, but lighter weight than wagons. A wagon needed at least 2 horses to pull it, but a Red River cart was often pulled by one ox. Fort Garry Around 1860, Red River carts carried goods from St. Paul to Fort Abercrombie where the goods were loaded onto steamboats that traveled on the Red River to Fort Garry. St. Paul Fort A
bercrombie Know two goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition. 1. to explore Louisiana 2. to persuade the Indian tribes to become trading partners with the United States 3. to find a trade route to the Pacific Ocean 4. to claim the area west of Louisiana for the United States List two ways Sakakawea was valuable to the Lewis and Clark expedition. -­‐She saved valuable records and equipment when the boat overturned . -­‐She translated Shoshone to Hidatsa. -­‐Her brother was the Shoshone chief so she was able to get horses for the expedition to use when crossing the Rocky Mountains. -­‐The men were having health problems, and she helped the men improve their diets because she knew which wild plants were edible and nourishing. -­‐Since warring parties never brought women or children with them, her presence showed that this expedition was peaceful. . List two ways Sakakawea has been honored for her contributions to the expedition. -­‐Her picture is on a United States golden dollar coin. -­‐A US Navy ship was named in her honor. -­‐There is a statue in Washington, D.C. and another one at the capital in North Dakota. -­‐The largest lake in North Dakota is named after her – Lake Sakakawea. . List two reasons the Missouri River steamboat replaced the keelboat. -­‐It could carry more cargo. -­‐It could go upstream faster. -­‐It could travel longer distances. By the 1860’s the fur trade business was decreasing for several reasons. List two reasons. -­‐The old fur trading forts were no longer needed because the U.S. Army built forts. -­‐There were fewer animals to trap. -­‐Steamboats made more profit carrying other types of cargo. The army at military forts spent little time fighting battles. They had other jobs and time for entertainment. List two other jobs they did at the forts. They built forts, roads, and bridges. They chopped wood, cleaned building, dug ditches, cleaned the stables, and acted as police officers. List two ways they spent their free time. They spent their free time playing games, having contests, making music, and reading books.