Overview about Iraq
Ali Al-Jumaili & Kawther Ahmed
PhD students
The University of Iowa
College of Pharmacy
Location of Iraq
• Is a country in Western Asia(Middle east),
borders
Turkey to the north,
Iran to the east,
Kuwait to the south,
Saudi Arabia to the southwest,
Jordan and Syria to the west
Iraqi new Flag(since 2003)
Iraqi governorates
Current Demographic Information of
Iraq
• Area: 168,754 sq miles (437,072 km²)
• Population: little more than 32 million as of
2012
• Capitol: Baghdad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Current Demographic Information of
Iraq
• Ethnic groups: Arabs, Kurds, Yazidis, Turkmen,
Assyrians, Persians, Armenians, Shabaks,
Mandaeans.
• Religions: Islam, Christianity, Mandaeism and
other.
• Languages: Arabic, Kurdish, and few other
spoken by minorities.
•
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
History of Iraq
• Iraq was known as Mesopotamia, was home
to the oldest civilizations in the world with a
cultural history of over 10,000 years.
• Iraq had adjective of the Cradle of Civilization.
• Iraq was home for the Sumerian, Akkadian,
Babylonian, Assyrian, and other old
civilizations
Mesopotamia (Iraq) civilizations
• The Sumerians : 5300 – 2334 BC
• Uruk period: 4100 – 2900 BC
• 2800–2600 BC (Gilgamesh)
Ziggurat of Ur (south of Iraq)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg
2800–2600 BC (Gilgamesh)
in Berlin museum
Akkadian Empire period: 2334–2218 BC (Sargon)
the British Museum in London, Musée du Louvre in Paris, National Museum of Iraq
Assyrian Empire
(911-612)B.C., Nineveh was capital in 706 BC
Human-headed winged bull and winged lion (lamassu)
The great Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883–859 B.C.)
Musée du Louvre in Paris,and National Museum of Iraq
Human-headed winged bull and winged lion (lamassu)
in the British Museum in London
Babylonians (1894-536) BC
Hammurabi (1792-1750) BC
The Hammurabi Code of law, about 1772 BC on Hammurabi stela
(in Louvre museum)
Nebuchadnezzar II (605 BC – 562 BC)
https://www.google.com/search?q=nebuchadnezzar&rlz=1C1KMZB_enUS549US552&oq=nebuk&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l5.5449j0j7&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF8#q=nebuchadnezzar+II
Hanging Gardens were one of the Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
Ishtar Gate (575 BC)
by King Nebuchadnezzar II
now in Pergamon museum , Berlin
Lion of Babylon, Iraq
Islamic Empire (Calipha)
Prophet Muhammad,(may the mercy and blessings of God be
upon him),(570-632) A.D
Rashidun Caliphate(632-661) A.D
Liberation of Iraq from Persian(Sasanian)Empire by 636 A.D
During caliph Umar (Commander of the Faithful) period
Rashidun Caliphate(661) A.D.
Abbasid Caliphate(750-1258) A.D
Islamic Golden Age
Caliph Al-Mansur founded Baghdad in
762 A.D.
Baghdad was Capital of Abbasid Empire
for 500 years
Al Mustansiriya university was founded in 1227 A.D
by caliph Abbasid Al-Mustansir
Islamic currency
The House of Wisdom was a library, translation institute and academy
established in Abbasid-era Baghdad(9th-13th)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom
Abbas Abu Al-Qasim Ibn Firnas (810-887) A.D.
an inventor, physician, engineer, Andalusian musician, and
Arabic-language poet
Astrolabe used by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. It could be used for
locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, and stars, determining local
time (http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/isaslabe.html)
Avicenna(Ibn Sina)(980-1037)A.D.
The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine, which was a standard
medical text at many medieval universities. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna)
Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288) was an Arab physician who contributed to the
early knowledge of the pulmonary circulation.
Ibn al-Nafis
Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) A.D. Muslim polymath: a chemist and alchemist,
astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and
pharmacist and physician
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaber_ibn_Hayan
Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) A.D
The spiral minaret in Samarra
is a 9th-century mosque in Samarra, Iraq. The mosque was completed in 851 A.D. by
the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Samarra
Saladin(1137-1193) A.D.
Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb
Mongol Invasion of Baghdad
1258 A.D.
British invasion of Baghdad in 1917
King Faisal-I(1921-1933)
Faisal bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi, king of Iraq
Iraq independent in 1932
(joined League of Nations)
Kingdom of Iraq Flag(1921-1958)
Republic of Iraq 1958
Abd al-Karim Qasim (1958-1963)
Baghdad in 1960s
Baghdad in 1960s
Baghdad Sculpture of freedom
Iraqi universities in 1970s
Baghdad in 1970s
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0xOLWY
5mLQ
Iraqi Flag (1963-1991)
Iraq flag(1991-2003)
Iraqi flags(1921-2003)
Iraqi-Iranian War (1980-1988)
Iraq won the war on 8-8-1988
Al-Shaheed Monument,Baghdad
(A war memorial)
Victory monument (1988),Baghdad
GUlf War(Operation Desert Storm)
“Liberation of Kuwait” Big defeat for Iraqi army
January 17-February 28,1991
U.N. economic sanctions (1991-2003)
Photo from Basrah, Iraq in 1996
2003 invasion of Iraq(changing regime)
(March 20,2003 to December 2011)
New Iraqi Government with new
constitution since 2005
• Baghdad
University of Baghdad
• Basrah(south of Iraq)
• Babylon
• Imam Ali (prophet cousin) shrine, Najaf
• Kurdistan region,Iraq
Habbaniyah Lake, Anbar (west of Iraq)
Marshes in the south
University graduation,Baghdad
University Graduation party
Graduation party , baghdad
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=512rwlvO
grk
Iraqi marrages
Traditional Baghdad music
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4o21_dA
Ogw
Iraqi architecture in Europe
• food
Iraqi sweets and desserts
Bakeries and desserts
Chai (Black tea)
Warning : The following slides contain
Graphic images
Daily Violence
Daily struggling
Questions?