JABAL FARASAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, RABIGH – KSA
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1
CLASS VIII – HISTORYCHAPTER # 2. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANY
POWER (FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY)
KEY TERM
1. Mercantilism
2. Trade wars – race for trade with any country
3. Policy of neutrality
4. Aggressive policy
5. Subsidiary alliance
6. Maratha confederacy
7. Doctrine of lapse
IMPORTANT DATES
Battle of Plassey – 1757
Battle of Buxar – 1764
EXERCISEAnswer the following questions
1. What attracted European trading companies to India? (57 words)
a) There was a great demand for Indian spices in Europe.
b) Trade in spices like pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon brought big profits.
c) There was a great shortage of gold in Europe which was the only media of trade. They could find
gold in India in sufficient quantity.
Hence, European trading companies were attracted to India.
2. In your opinion what were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India
Company? (135 words)
After the death of Aurangzeb, the Bengal Nawabs became independent power.
The conflicts between Nawabs and the East India Company increased.
The Nawabs refused to grant the Company concessions, demanded large tributes, denied it the
right to mint coins, and stopped it from extending its fortifications.
They claimed that the Company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amounts of
revenue, and also undermining their authority by refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters,
and humiliating them and their officials.
The Company said that its trade was getting ruined because of the unfair demands of the local
officials. It thought that trade could only flourish if the duties were removed. To expand trade, it
wanted to enlarge its settlements, buy up villages, and rebuild its forts.
3. Throw some light on the results of the Battle of Buxar. How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East
India Company? (36 words + 58 words)
1. The English defeated three Indian princes and became the masters of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
2. Mir Qasim fled away.
3. Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam submitted
4. The war ended by the treaty of Allahabad 1765
The assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company
-
The East India Company acquired greater power and authority.
The Company could use the revenues from Bengal to finance its expenses like
o purchasing cotton and silk textiles in India,
o maintaining its troops, and
o building the Company fort and offices at Calcutta.
4. What is meant by the system of “subsidiary alliance”. Which states were annexed under this system?(120
words)
From 1757 to 1857, the East India Company used a variety of political, economic and diplomatic
methods to annex Indian kingdoms. The subsidiary alliance was one such method. According to the terms
of this allianceo Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces.
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o
o
o
They were to be protected by the Company, and had to pay for the “subsidiary forces” that the
Company had to maintain for the purpose of protecting them.
If Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty.
For example, in 1801, the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the
Company for failing to pay for the “subsidiary forces”.
Hyderabad, Awadh, Rohilkhand, Grakhpur, Travancore were annexed under this system.
5. What was the „Doctrine of lapse‟? Which Governor – General made the best use of it and how?
1. The doctrine of lapse meant that if any ruler of a dependent state should die without any heir (son),
his adopted son would not succeed him but that state would lapse or go back to the British
company.
2. Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie made best use of it.
3. Lord Dalhousie never wasted an opportunity. He annexed all such princely states whose ruler died
without an heir. The most famous were Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur.
6. Explain how was the system of administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers? (162
words)
Company’s administration
Indian rulers’ administration
 Administrative
units
divided
into
 Administrative units as District, Parganas and
presidencies
Tehsils.
 Three presidencies –Bengal, Madras and
 Four parts of each kingdom – District,
Bombay.
Paragana, Tehsil and Villages.
 Each presidency was ruled by governor.
 Ruled by zamindars and peasants.
 Governor- General was the supreme head.
 King was the supreme head.
7. What changes were introduced in the composition of the Company‟s army? (67 words)
Following changes were introduced in the composition of the Company’s army 1. It started recruiting peasants in army and began training them as professional soldiers (sepoy).
2. The company soldiers had to be armed with muskets and matchlock and Indian soldiers were given
archery and swords.
3. The infantry regiments became more important.
4. Soldiers were subjected to uniform military culture-European style training, drill and discipline.
8. Why the annexation of Sindh was considered unreasonable and unjust?
In 1833, Lord William Bentinck promised that English would never carry military or armed vessel
through Sindh
In 1839, during First Afghan War the English took their armed forces across Sindh to Afghanistan. The
Sindh kept quiet.
After Ranjit Singh died Sir Charles Napier forced Amirs of Sindh and annexed Sindh
9. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Fourth Maratha War.
Causes and consequences of Fourth Marathas War
1. The Marathas were humiliated by Lord Wellesley during Second & Third War of Marathas
2. Peshwa Baji Rao II attacked the British Residency and reduced it to ashes
3. I this war the English won and by Treaty of Mandasore, kingdom of Peshwa and territories of Bhonsle
were annexed
10. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Fourth Mysore War.
Causes and consequences of the Fourth Mysore war
1. Tipu Sultan lost half of his territory in 3 wars
2. Lord Wellesley asked him to accept subsidiary alliance but Tipu refused
3. Tipu was attacked from three sides (Bombay, madras and Hyderabad
4. He died a martyr’s death on May 4, 1799 in his capital Seringapattnam
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PROJECT/ACTIVITY
QUIZ
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In the 1600s a factory was a mere trading centre.
The Battle of Buxar came to an end in 1765 after the signing of the Treaty of Allahabad.
Hyder Ali was the Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore army.
Tipu Sultan was killed in the Fourth Mysore War in the year 1799
Nana Fadnavis was an able Maratha leader.
Lord Cornwallis is regarded as the founder of the British Civil Service in India.
Tipu Sultan died fighting against the British in the Battle of Seringapattam.
Queen Elizabeth granted a charter on December 31, 1600 to a group of English merchants to
organise a company called East India Company which gave monopoly to trade with east.
Columbus sailed to discover India, instead discovered America in AD 1492
Vasco-da-Gama succeeded in discovering India in AD 1498
Portuguese, Dutch, British and French were the European countries which plunged into trade with
India
East Indies – land of South and South East Asia
Battle of Plassey was fought between English and Sirah-ud-Daulah in 1757
The Battle of Plassaey was followed by a “night of eternal gloom in India”.
The Battle of Plassaey laid the foundation of the British Empire in India and paved the way for the
British mastery over whole of India.
Hawkins, the ambassador of James I, visited the court of Jahangir in 1609
The English fought the Third Mysore War against Tipu Sultan
Governor- General is the title of an office-holder appointed to represent the monarch, in India it was
the British monarch
The first Portuguese viceroy Almeida took the island of Diu
IDENTIFY THE FACES/COLLECT PICTURES AND MAKE AN ALBUM
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Siraj-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Bengal)
Mir Jafar
Mir Qasim
Shah Alam
Nana Fadnavis
Hyder Ali
Tipu Sultan
Lord Clive
Lord Wellesley
Lord Cornwallis
Warren hastings
DRAW A SCENE OF BATTLE OF PLASSEY OR BATTLE OF BUXAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND INDIA
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Flow chart
Trade wars
TRADE BY THE PORTUGUESE IN INDIA
Impressed local ruler king Zamorin for setting up factories in Calicut, Cochin, Cannanore etc
First Portuguese viceroy Almeida took Diu in 1509
Next viceroy Albuquerque won Goa 1510
Later Bassein and Daman
Colonies in Hugli and Chittagong
Portuguese established monopoly in the eastern trade but declined
THE DUTCH AND THEIR TRADE IN INDIA
Dutch East India Company was set up AD 1602
They set up business centres in Chinsura, Surat, Patna, Cochin and Nagapattanam
British uprooted the Dutch in 1759
Portuguese were interest in East Indies where the Portuguese lived
They forced Portuguese out and settled in East Indies (South & South East Asia)
THE BRITISH TRADE IN INDIA
East India Company was set up in AD 1600 to trade with India taken by Hawkins from Queen Elizabeth I
Sir John Roe took permission from King Jahangir to set up business in Ahmadabad, Broach and Agra
In 1639 a fort was constructed in madras (Chennai) named Fort St. George
King Charles II got Bombay as dowry after he married Portuguese princess Catherine
Aurangzeb allowed setting trade in Bengal
In 1690 a fort was built in Calcutta (Kolkata) called Fort William
In 1717 king Siyar allowed free trade in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa in lieu of Rs. 3,000 pa
They succeeded in driving first Portuguese then Dutch and finally French from India
THE FRENCH TRADE IN INDIA
In Ad 1664 French set up trade in India
First factory was set up in Masaulipatnam and Pondicherry
After that in Chandernagar, Qassim Bazaar, Balasore, Mahe and Karaikal
They fought against British but lost
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Map Work
On the map of India, Locate Calcutta (Kolkata), Buxar, Plassey and Mysore
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