NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
PRACTICAL MANUAL GUIDE (BIOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY COURSES)
SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
First
Semester
STB 111
Plant and
Animal
Taxonomy
S/N
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
PRACTICAL TITLE
Identify the major groups of the plant kingdom
viz:- Phycophyoralgue; mycophytafungi;
bryophyta; tracheophyta; pteridophyta;
mahaphyta. Examine the external and internal
structures of least two examples from each
(using a microscopes or a hand lens where
necessary.
Identify the plants examined above using the
binomial system of nomenclature
Differentiate between algae and the fungi.
Identify the 5 basic classes of fungi by using
staining and microscopic examination
Differentiate visually between the bryophytes
and tracheophytes (ptedidophyte and
spermatophytes).
Introduction of basic Herbarium Technique
Display monocotyledonous and
dicotyledenous plants.
Identify and distinguish between the common
families of flowering plants viz:
monocotyledonous s plants by making the
specimens available to students:
1. Graminease e.g. Grass, Bamboo
2. Palmae e.g. Palms
3. Liliaceae e.g. onions, Dico-tyledenous
plants:4. Leguminosae e.g. Crotolaria, cassia
5. Combretaceae e.g combretum
6. Sterculiaceae e.g. cola
7. Malvaceae e.g. Hibiscus
8. Bombacaceae e.g. Bombax
9. Rutaceae e.g. citrus
10. Anacardiaceae e.g. mango; cashew nuts
11.Maliaceae e.g. mahogamy
12. Compositae e.g. Tridax
Identify the important species of each of the
families listed above by using the binomial
nomenclature (students should be encouraged
to
know local names of the species whenever
possible)
Collect common flora by applying the
appropriate technique and Classify
appropriately the flora collected
Identify the two major groups of animal
kingdom (Vertebrates and Invertebrates) and
describe their characteristics
Identify the following major classes of
1
NUMBER OF
PRACTICALS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
STB 112
Morphology
and
Physiology of
Living
Things
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
vertebrates: Pisces (fish) Amphibia
(Amphibians) Raptila Aves (Birds) ammalian
(Mammals)
Identify Examples from each phylum in 6.2.
above
Describe the external structure of some
common examples from each phylum in 6.2
above.
Identify, draw and label examples from 6.4
above.
Identify, draw and label examples from 7.1
above.
Identify the protochorodates as a link between
invertebrates and vertebrates
Collect, identify and preserve common
examples of vertebrates and invertebrates.
TOTAL
Collect samples of each group in 1.1. to 1.22
above for classification and preservation and
conduct practical grades drawing
Continue to collect samples of each group in
1.1. to 1.22 above for classification and
preservation and conduct practical grades
drawing
Continue to collect samples of each group in
1.1. to 1.22 above for classification and
preservation and conduct practical grades
drawing
Continue to collect samples of each group in
1.1. to 1.22 above for classification and
preservation and conduct practical grades
drawing
Compare and contrast the characteristics of
mosses.
Continue to collect samples of each group in
1.1. to 1.22 above for classification and
preservation and conduct practical grades
drawing
Identify the morphological differences
between monocotyledons and dicotyledoms
Prepare cultures of protozoan e.g. amoeba,
hydra and examine by using hanging drop
method.
Identify by using microscope the differences
of the species
Identify by using microscope the differences
of the species mentioned in 2.1
Identify by using microscope the differences
of the species
Collect samples of each group 2.1 to 2.28 for
identification and classification
Conduct field trips and collect samples to
identify, classify and preserve.
2
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
13.
14.
15.
16.
Second
Semester
STB 121
Cell Biology
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Examine protochordate e.g. amphioxus and
identify different features of evolutionary
interest.
Draw and label the various organs and systems
mentioned in 4.2 above.
Dissect and identify the internal organs of (i)
bony fish (ii) toad/frog, a small mammal.
Draw and label the dissections in 4.9 above.
TOTAL
Examine and draw single celled animal and
plants under the microscope; Amoeba,
paramecium, plasmodium, chlamydomonas,
chlorella,
spyrohyra.
Laboratory examination of different cells and
cell inclusions
Observation of effect of hypertonic isotonic
and hypertonic solution on cell plasma
Observe and draw samples of plant and animal
cells from appropriate sources, under the
microscope viz, cheek cells, blood cells,
epidermis of Allium virginiana leaf.
Observe and draw different stages of mitotic
shown by root apart and root top of onion
Allium cepa under the microscope.
Observe and draw different stages of meiosis
under the microscopes
Investigate effects of different pH values on
solubility of proteins
Measure enzyme activity at different pH
values
Extract DNA from split peas or any other plant
or animal source
Prepare and examine slides of plants and
animals tissue under the microscope
Identify the location of the above cells in the
body.
Separate pigments using chromatographic
methods
Show that plants will grow in an atmosphere
that has been depleted of oxygen
Show experimentally that germinating seeds
producing heat.
Show experimentally that carbon dioxide is
produced by green plants during respiration
Measure rate of transpiration in plants by
using a potometer
Investigate translocation by using dyes
Grow plants in the presence and absence of
essential ions
Collect classify and preserve selected
examples of Algae(e.g. Spirogyra), Fungi
3
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20.
Third
Semester
STB 211
Pest and Pests
Control
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
STM 211 Microbiology
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
STB 212
Pathology
1.
2.
(Mucor & Pythium), Mosses (e.g. Funaria) &
Ferns (e.g. Pteris spp, Dryopteris etc
Collect, classify and Preserve selected samples
of Crymnosperms (e.g. Cylas revolute),
monocotyledoras (e.g. Guinea grass, maize,
palms etc) and Dicotyledons (e.g. Hibiscus,
crotolaria, citrus, triad, mangoes, cashews etc).
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL (ND I)
Identify the animals in the lab.
Identify the animals in situ
Examine dry mount of mouthparts of insects in
3.2 and draw
Apply a biological technique to control a pest
in the greenhouse
Demonstrate the use of pheromones in the
control of pests
Prepare and apply pesticides to control insect
pests and rodents.
TOTAL
Examine a drop of pond water under the light
and compound microscope and identify microorganisms
Identify and distinguish microorganism By
using staining Techniques
Differentiate between Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes.
Serological tests, oxidase test, catalase test etc.
Cultivate and observe and measure growth of
microorganisms (e.g. Rhizopod, penicillium,
e.coli, etc)
Prepare, sterilise and preserve microbial
growth cultures.
Pour and preserve growth on petri dishes and
on agar slants.
Prepare pure culture from a mixed culture.
Inoculate bacteria aerobically and
anaerobically using incubator and jars.
Apply Softy precautions involved in
Microbiological works
Sterilise various laboratory objects using the
autoclave.
Grow microorganisms (e.g.mucor, aspergillas
) under aseptic conditions
TOTAL
Examine blood, stool for living specimens of
Rhizopoda-Entamoeba histolytica,
Mastigophora- Trypanosoma gambienze T
rhodisence of T.brucei, Sporozoa e.g
Plasmodium.
Draw from prepared slides of specimens
above.
4
10
29
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fourth
Semester
STB 221
Genetics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
STB 222
Ecology
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Collect urine and stool specimens to detect
presence of Trematodes e.g. Fasciola hepatica
or T gigantica, Schist soma mansoni and S.
haematobium, Taenia saginata and I solium
Draw specimens of adult parasites and eggs
from prepared slides
Examine infected stool for eggs of parasite and
also blood or tissue fluid for larvae of Ascaris
lumbricoides, the hookworms of man
Ancylostoma and Necator,, the filarial worms
– Wuchereria bancrafti, Onchocera volvolus
and or Loa loa and Guinea worm, Dracunculus
medinensis.
Make prepared slide from infected plant.
Collect and examine macroscopically and
microscopically infected plant specimens and
identified the pathogens causing diseases in
them.
TOTAL
Identify chromosomes in prepared slide of
mitosis.
Identify the various degrees of dominance:complete no dominance and partial
dominance.
Identify the characteristics that qualify an
organism for use in genetic experiments with
references to Drosophila and Neurospora.
Separate individual characteristics
Insert plasmid pAMP into e.coli
TOTAL
Measure temperature, light intensity, wind,
evaporation rate, relative humidity and
saturation deficit in terrestrial habitats.
Measure temperature, turbidity (light
penetration depth), pH, salinity in aquatic
habitats.
Examine and describe an arboreal habitat, for
example the trunk of a palm tree which usually
carries specialised fauna and flora like ferns,
mosses and orchids and insects with their
larvae.
Examine and describe stratification in a forest,
a savannah and aquatic communities
Examine and describe an epiphyte and its
responses to light, temperature, humidity and
gravity.
Measure environmental factors applying the
instruments identified above e.g. psychometer
for measuring humidity, rain gauge for
measuring rain fall, light meter for
determining light intensity, Secchi disk for
determining depth of light penetration into a
pond:
5
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
anemometer for estimating wind speed;
thermometer for measuring temperature; Ph
meter of pH paper for determining acidity or
alkalinity of pond water or soil.
Exemplify the study of succession by regular
observation of a cleared area
Provide relevant preserved specimens for
proper explanation
Observe closely laboratory culture of lemna
fruit fly (Drosophila) or stored product insect
such as Sitophilus over a period of time and
describe their population growth
Isolate fungi and bacteria from soil sample.
Identify the different kinds of soil and state
their properties.
Determine the fertility or otherwise of the soil
types above.
Visit industrial estates to assess the effect of
effluents on their immediate environment.
Visit drilling locations and assess and describe
the damage done by oil spillage to the lives
and economy of the inhabitants.
Visit a few filthy places in a nearby city or
town to assess and describe the health
condition of the local inhabitants
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL (ND II)
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
31