Chemistry C1 Foundation and Higher Questions
Q1.
The table shows how much carbon dioxide is produced when you transfer the same
amount of energy by burning coal, gas and oil.
(a)
Use the information from the table to complete the bar-chart.
(3)
(b)
The second bar-chart shows how much sulphur dioxide is produced by burning the
same three fuels.
Compare the amount of sulphur produced by burning gas with the amount
produced by burning coal.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
(i)
Coal and oil produce carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide when they burn.
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What elements must they contain?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Burning fuels also produce nitrogen oxides, even though the fuels contain no
nitrogen. Explain why this happens.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
##
The table gives some information about a family of molecules in crude oil.
NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS
IN MOLECULE
MASS OF MOLECULE
(atomic units)
1
16
2
30
4
58
(a)
Show information from the table in the most appropriate way on the grid.
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(3)
(b)
What is the mass of a molecule with three carbon atoms?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The other atoms in each molecule are all hydrogen atoms.
What family of substances do all the molecules belong to?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
The mass of a carbon atom is 12 atomic units.
The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 atomic unit.
So the molecule with one carbon atom has four hydrogen atoms.
Its formula is CH4.
Write down the formula:
(i)
of the molecule with two carbon atoms
(ii)
of a molecule from the same family with five carbon atoms
......................
......................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
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Q3.
(a)
The hydrocarbon C16H34 was heated strongly in the absence of air.
This is one of the reactions which took place:
C16H34
C6H14
+
C6H12
+
2C2H4
This type of reaction is carried out because there is a greater demand for the
products than for the original hydrocarbon.
Suggest two reasons for this.
1 .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
A molecule of the compound methane, CH4, can be shown like this:
Draw a molecule of the compound ethene, C2H4.
(2)
(c)
Small molecules of substances called monomers can be joined together in
polymerisation, eg. ethene poly
(ethene).
(i)
complete the equation below to show formation of the polymer from the
monomer propene.
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(1)
(ii)
Suggest the name of the polymer formed.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q4.
Cassiterite is an ore of the metal tin.
(a)
What is an ore?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Some metals are obtained by removing oxygen from the metal oxide.
What name do we give to this chemical reaction?
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Name one metal which must be extracted from its melted ore by electrolysis
rather than by using carbon.
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.
A student is using a spirit burner to heat some water.
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(a)
Complete these sentences.
Substances like methylated spirit which we burn to give out energy, are called
.................................... . The energy is given out as .................................... energy.
(2)
(b)
Choose a word from this list to complete the sentence below.
gases
liquids
solids
The methylated spirit seems to disappear as it burns.
The new substances produced during burning are mainly .........................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q6.
The formula for the compound hydrogen peroxide is H2O2.
Write down everything that the formula tells you about each molecule of
hydrogen peroxide.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
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(Total 4 marks)
Q7.
Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction.
magnesium
+
zinc oxide
→
magnesium oxide
+
zinc
Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
Q8.
Choose gases from this list to complete the word equations below.
(a)
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
oxygen
sulphur dioxide
sodium + water → sodium hydroxide
nitrogen
+ ............................................. .
(1)
(b)
magnesium + ............................................................→ magnesium oxide.
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q9.
The structural formulae of two saturated hydrocarbons are shown below.
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Describe two ways in which they will differ in their physical properties.
1 .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)
Q10.
The following information suggests that South America and Africa were once
attached and then moved apart.
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Suggest when South America and Africa began to move apart.
[Make use of dates in your answer, where possible.]
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
Q11.
Copper metal can be extracted from a solution of copper(II) chloride.
Copper chloride is an ionic compound.
State where the copper would collect and explain your answer fully.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)
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Q12.
A student was trying to extract the metals from lead oxide and aluminium oxide.
She heated each oxide with carbon in a fume cupboard as shown below.
She was able to extract lead from lead oxide but not aluminium from aluminium oxide.
(i)
Explain the results of these experiments.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(ii)
Complete this word equation for the reaction between lead oxide and carbon.
lead oxide + carbon → .................................... + .......................................
(Total 5 marks)
Q13.
Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction.
methane + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide
Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
Q14.
This experiment shows a candle burning then going out.
(a)
Choose words from this list to complete the sentences in parts (i) and (ii) below.
air
(i)
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
When the candle wax is burning it is reacting with ......................................
from
the ................................................... .
(2)
(ii)
One product of the reaction is .........................................................................
(1)
(b)
Complete the following sentence.
In another experiment a 200 cm3 beaker is used. The candle will then burn
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for about ........................................... seconds.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q15.
Lime (calcium oxide) is used in agriculture to reduce the acidity of soils.
Describe, as fully as you can, the reaction by which lime is made.
Name any other product(s).
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
Q16.
In a car engine petrol burns in oxygen from the air. Two of the gases in the exhaust
fumes are carbon dioxide and water vapour.
This indicates that petrol contains the elements ............................. and
...............................
(Total 2 marks)
Q17.
Petrol burns in oxygen from the air in a car engine.
Two of the gases in the exhaust fumes are carbon dioxide and water vapour.
This indicates that petrol contains the elements ............................................ and
........................................................ .
(Total 2 marks)
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Q18.
(a)
Sulphur is a yellow element. It is a non-metal.
(i)
Complete the sentence.
In an element, all the atoms .............................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Give two properties you would expect sulphur to have because it is a
non-metal.
1. ......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
copper
Use the names of metals from the box to complete the table.
iron
magnesium
manganese
zinc
Use
Name of metal
for electric wiring in a house
.......................................................
for manhole covers
.......................................................
to galvanise iron
.......................................................
(3)
(c)
Copper is used to make hot water pipes. Both iron and steel are cheaper.
Suggest two reasons why copper is used rather than iron or steel.
1. .................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
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2. .................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
The drawing shows a container of a compound called sodium chloride.
(i)
Which other element has combined with sodium to form this compound?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
For every atom of sodium, how many atoms of the other element have
combined with it?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q19.
The table shows some of the products which are obtained from the fractional
distillation of crude oil.
Fraction
Nature of products
A
a mixture of gases
B
a mixture of low boiling point liquids
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C
(a)
a mixture of high boiling point, yellow liquids
For each of the fractions A–C give the name of an organic substance which could
be part of the fraction and state a use for it.
A .....................................................................
Use ..............................................................................................................................
(2)
B .....................................................................
Use ..............................................................................................................................
(2)
C .....................................................................
Use ..............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
When burned in excess air, all the substances in fractions A–C form the same two
compounds.
Give the formulae of these two compounds.
........................................................... and .................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q20.
Use the Periodic Table of Elements on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this
question.
(a)
Describe, in as much detail as you can, the structure of a fluorine atom.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
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(b)
Complete the diagram to show the electronic structure of a magnesium atom.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q21.
Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow
diagram shows how cement is made.
(a)
(i)
Name the raw material X used to make cement.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
In the kiln the raw materials are heated to about 1500°C.
The limestone (calcium carbonate) is broken down at this temperature.
Complete the word equation for this reaction.
calcium carbonate → ........................................ + carbon dioxide
(1)
(iii)
Suggest one major cost of this process other than the cost of the raw
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materials.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Cement can be used to make concrete.
Name two substances that must be mixed with cement to make concrete.
1 .....................................................................
2 .....................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q22.
Crude oil contains many different hydrocarbons.
(i)
Which formula in the list represents a hydrocarbon?
Draw a ring around the correct formula.
CO2
C6H12O6
C8H18
H2O
(1)
(ii)
Which word from the list below best describes crude oil?
Draw a ring around the correct word.
alloy compound element
mixture
(1)
(iii)
Choose, from the list below, words to complete the passage about the separation of
the hydrocarbons in crude oil by fractional distillation.
atoms
fractions
burned
condensed
ions
evaporated
molecules
filtered
neutralised
During fractional distillation the many hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated
into ................................. each of which contains ................................ with a
similar number of carbon .................................... .
To do this the oil is first .................................... and then ....................................
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at a number of different temperatures.
(5)
(Total 7 marks)
Q23.
(a)
Burning fuels changes the Earth‟s atmosphere. The new substances
produced are mainly gases.
The following is a list of types of reaction.
combustion
cracking
electrolysis
fermentation
neutralisation
reduction
Choose, from the list, the word which has the same meaning as burning.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
FUEL
The table shows the gases formed when four fuels, A to D, are completely burned
in air.
GAS FORMED ON BURNING
CARBON DIOXIDE
CO2
WATER VAPOUR
H2O
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
SO2
A
B
C
D
Which fuel, A to D, is hydrogen, H2? ...............................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q24.
Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow
diagram shows how cement is made.
Page 18
(a)
What are the two raw materials used to make cement?
1 .....................................................................
2 .....................................................................
(1)
(b)
Cement is mixed with three substances to make concrete.
Choose from the list the three substances used.
crushed rock
slag
iron ore
soda
quicklime
sand
water
1 .....................................................................
2 .....................................................................
3 .....................................................................
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Q25.
The diagram represents a section through the Earth showing the layers which are
labelled A, B, C and D.
Page 19
(a)
Give the name of:
(i)
layer A .............................................................................................................
(ii)
layer B .............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Give one difference between layer C and layer D.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q26.
One definition of an element is:
“A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods”
The table below shows some of the „substances‟ which Antoine Lavoisier thought were
elements. He divided the „substances‟ into four groups. He published these groups in
1789.
The modern names of some of the „substances‟ are given in brackets.
ACID-MAKING
ELEMENTS
sulphur
phosphorus
GAS-LIKE
ELEMENTS
METALLIC
ELEMENTS
light
cobalt
mercury
caloric
(heat)
copper
nickel
oxygen
gold
charcoal
(carbon)
azote
(nitrogen)
hydrogen
iron
lead
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platina
(platinum)
EARTHY
ELEMENTS
lime
(calcium oxide)
magnesia
(magnesium oxide)
barytes
(barium sulphate)
silver
argilla
(aluminium oxide)
tin
silex
(silicon dioxide)
magnese
tungsten
zinc
(a)
Name one „substance‟ in the list which is not a chemical element or compound.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
(i)
Name one substance in the list which is a compound.
............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Suggest why Lavoisier thought that this substance was an element.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q27.
(a)
Crude oil is a mixture of many compounds. Most of the compounds consist of
molecules made only of carbon and hydrogen. Choose one word from the list below
to complete the sentence.
carbohydrates
s
carbonates
hydrocarbons
hydrogencarbonate
Compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen are called .......................................
(1)
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(b)
The fractions contain molecules with similar numbers of carbon atoms. The main
fractions are shown in the table below.
NAME OF FRACTION
NUMBER OF CARBON
ATOMS IN MOLECULES
petroleum gases
1 to 4
gasoline
4 to 12
naphtha
7 to 14
kerosene
11 to 15
diesel oil
14 to 19
lubricating oil
18 to 30
residue
more than 30
Naphtha burns more easily than diesel oil.
Explain why.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q28.
The diagram represents an atom. Choose words from the list to label the diagram.
electron
ion
neutron
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nucleus
(Total 3 marks)
Q29.
The table shows the % composition by mass of modern British coins.
% COMPOSITION BY MASS
COIN
copper
nickel
tin
zinc
£1
70
5.5
–
24.5
20p
84
16
–
–
97
–
0.5
2.5
5p, 10p, & 50p
1p &2p (until 1991)
1p &2p (1992 onwards)
(a)
Copper plated steel
Use the Data Sheet to help you to complete the table by filling in the information
about 5p, 10p and 50p coins which are made of cupronickel.
(1)
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(b)
Shade the pie chart to represent the % of copper in a £1 coin.
(1)
(c)
Name the metal present in:
(i)
all these coins,
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
a £1 coin but not in a 20p coin.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
The following is a list of properties.
•
bends easily
•
good conductor of electricity
•
hard
•
high melting point
•
poor conductor of heat
•
unreactive
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From this list, choose two properties which coinage metals should have. For each
property, give a reason for your answer.
Property 1 ...................................................................................................................
Reason ........................................................................................................................
Property 2 ...................................................................................................................
Reason ........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q30.
(a)
The list below gives six substances.
•
aluminium
•
beer
•
copper
•
milk
•
pure water
•
sodium chloride
Put each substance in the correct column of the table.
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
(3)
(b)
Elements can be divided into two groups, metals and non-metals.
The list below gives some properties of elements.
•
brittle
•
can be hammered into shape
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•
dull
•
good conductors of electricity
•
poor conductors of electricity
•
shiny
Put each property into the correct column.
PROPERTIES OF METALS
PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q31.
The diagram below shows a camping stove used by some students.
A student wrote the report below to explain how the stove works. The report has had
some words removed. Complete the report using words from the list.
air
chemical change
liquids
physical change
argon
gases
nitrogen
solid
carbon dioxide
heat energy
oxygen
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water vapour
To use the stove a fuel called methylated spirits is poured into the burner and lit with a
match.
The holes in the base let .................................... into the stove. This contains the gas
called
...................................... which is needed for the fuel to burn.
When the fuel burns, new substances are formed. This shows that a .............................
takes place.
When all of the methylated spirits has burned nothing is left in the burner. This shows that
the new substances must all be .................................... .
Methylated spirits contains carbon and hydrogen. When the fuel burns the carbon is
changed
into .................................................... .
The hydrogen is changed into .................................................... .
When the fuel burns it gives out .................................... which cooks the food in the pan.
(Total 7 marks)
Q32.
The chart below shows the metals which are present in a coin.
Page 27
(a)
Identify the alloy used to make this coin.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 28
(b)
The mass of the coin is 2.5 g.
Calculate the mass of copper in this coin.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Suggest what properties would make an alloy suitable for making a coin.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q33.
One step in the manufacture of lead is the reduction of lead oxide with carbon. Lead
and carbon dioxide are the products of this reaction.
(a)
Write a word equation for this reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
What is meant by “reduction”?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
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Q34.
Crude oil is a mixture of many saturated hydrocarbons. They can be separated into
fractions by the process of fractional distillation.
State what is meant by:
(i)
hydrocarbon. ............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
saturated. ..................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
fraction. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q35.
Crude oil is a mixture of many saturated hydrocarbons. They can be separated into
fractions by the process of fractional distillation.
State what is meant by:
(i)
hydrocarbon. ............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
saturated. ..................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
fraction. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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