Pharma Health Club Newsletter, ISSUE 20
www.rku.ac.in/ hc
SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
HARMA HEALTH CL
SAFE USE OF MEDICINES FOR BETTER HEALTH
ST
1 September, 2016
Page 01
Page 02
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Waterborne
Diseases
Allopathic
Treatment
Herbal
Treatment
References
WATERBORNE
DISEASE
DYSENTERY
What are Waterborne Diseases?
Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic
microorganisms that most commonly are transmitted
in contaminated fresh water. Infection commonly
results during bathing, washing, drinking, in the
preparation of food, or the consumption of food thus
infected. Various forms of waterborne diarrheal
disease probably are the most prominent examples,
and affect mainly children in developing countries. [1]
In the present issue, we have targeted most
commonly seen condition: Dysentery.
Organism
Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic Dysentery
E. coli, Shigella flexnor
Entamoeba histrolytica
Onset
Fever
Stool frequency
Very sudden/Acute
Yes
No
More (12-15/day)
Less (7-8/day)
Toximia
Present
Absent
Less acute
Dysentery:
Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation, especially in
the colon, that can lead to severe diarrhea with
mucus or blood in the feces. [2]
The World Health Organization says there are two
main types of dysentery:
Bacillary dysentery: It is caused by Shigella, a
bacterium. In Western Europe and the USA it is the
most common type of dysentery among people who
have not recently been to the tropics. [2]
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Monthly newsletter by School of Pharmacy, RK University
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Pharma Health Club Newsletter, ISSUE 20
Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis): This is caused
by Entamoeba histolytica, a type of amoeba,
and is more common in the tropics. [2]
Basic difference between Bacillary & Amoebic
Dysentery [3]
The World Health Organization estimates that
shigellosis accounts for about 120 million cases
of severe dysentery with blood and mucus in
stools worldwide. The vast majority of cases
occur in developing nations among children
aged less than five years. [2]
Common Symptoms of Dysentery: [4]
Abdominal bloating
Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhoea
Flatulence
Nausea with or
without vomiting
1ST SEPTEMBER, 2016
Usual Treatment: [2]
Rehydration therapy - Initially this is done using
Oral Rehydration; the patient is encouraged to
drink plenty of liquids. Diarrhea, as well as
vomiting results in loss of fluids that have to be
replaced to prevent dehydration. If the
diarrhea and/or vomiting is profuse the medical
team may recommend intravenous fluid
replacement - the patient will be on a drip.
Antibiotics and Amoebicidal drugs:
If symptoms are not severe and the doctor
determines it is Bacillary dysentery (Shigella), the
patient most likely will receive No Medication - in
the vast majority of cases the illness will resolve
within a week. Oral rehydration is important.
If Amoebic dysentery is diagnosed the patient
will probably start with a 10-day course of an
antimicrobial medication, such as Flagyl
(metronidazole). Diloxanide furoate,
paromomycin (Humatin), or iodoquinol
(Yodoxin) may also be prescribed to make sure
the amoeba does not survive inside the body
after symptoms have gone.
Antirheumatic drug – Ridaura (Auranofin) may
offer a cheap, low-dose treatment for the
amoebic infections that cause dysentery in
humans globally. The drug has only been tested
in the laboratory and in animal studies,
researchers from the University of California in
San Diego and the University of California in San
Francisco reported in Nature Medicine (May
2012 issue).
Herbal Remedies for Dysentery: [10]
Yogurt – Yogurt is effective remedy and you can
eat to get rid of this problem. Yogurt kills harmful
bacteria which present in intestine. When your
intestine get rid of those harmful bacteria you
will feel recover. Eat yogurt especially in your
breakfast.
Diagnosis of Dysentery: [2]
A stool sample may be ordered, especially if the
patient has been abroad in the tropics.
In rare cases, if symptoms are severe, other
diagnostic tests may be recommended, such as
an ultrasound scan or an endoscopy.
Sigmoidoscopy is also advisable in some cases.
Complications of dysentery: [2]
Dehydration - diarrhea and vomiting can
quickly lead to dehydration. This can happen
especially quickly with infants and young
children. Dehydration can be life-threatening.
Liver abscess - if the amoeba spreads to the
liver.
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Monthly newsletter by School of Pharmacy, RK University
www.rku.ac.in/ hc
1ST SEPTEMBER, 2016
Pharma Health Club Newsletter, ISSUE 20
jaggery to sweeten the infusion. Drink this thrice
a day. 15 gm of the pulp can be mixed with
equal amount of dried ginger. Then 250ml of
buttermilk can be mixed to it. The patient can
drink this thrice day. [11]
Coriander – Coriander (Dhaana, Dhaniya) is
available in every Indian home. Boil water and
add coriander in it. Drinking this water will give
relief from dysentery.
Ginger juice – Drink ginger (Aadu, Adrakh) juice
to get rid of dysentery. It's a best remedy to get
relief from abdomen pain. Boil two pieces of
ginger in water. Then cool it at room
temperature. Add 1 spoon of honey in this
ginger juice and drink two times in a day.
Pomegranate – Boil water and add
pomegranate fruit in it and cool at room temp.
Drink this juice three times in a day.
Lemon juice - Lemon juice one of most effective
remedy for curing loose motion. Mix 2 table
spoon of lemon juice in warm water and drink it
three times in a day. This juice gives you energy
because when you are suffering from this
disorder you feel yourself weak.
Prevention of dysentery [2]
In most cases, dysentery is caused by poor
hygiene.
Individuals can take measures to reduce their
risk of infection by regularly washing their hands,
especially before and after going to the toilet
and preparing food.
If you are in an area where the risk of dysentery is
higher, only drink water from reliable sources
(bottled water).
If you drink from the bottle, make sure it is
opened in front of you and clean the top of the
rim.
Make sure the food you eat is thoroughly
cooked and beware of ice cubes; you may not
know what type of water was used to ake them.
Use purified water to clean your teeth.
Kada Chhaal – 1 tablespoon powder of Kada
Chhaal (Bark of Holarrhena) in a glass of
buttermilk thrice a day is a very good remedy for
dysentery. Kada Chhaal is available from local
medicinal healers.
Bael (Bili) fruit – Bael fruit is a natural coolant
which arrests Dysentery. Unripe or half ripe fruit is
good for digestion. This fruit strengthens the
stomach and promotes its action. One
tablespoon of the pulp of the fruit mixed with
enough amount of jaggery should be given
thrice a day. In chronic cases, 15 gm of unripe
fruit pulp should be roasted over the fire. Mix
250ml of water or buttermilk to this pulp. Add
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Monthly newsletter by School of Pharmacy, RK University
www.rku.ac.in/ hc
Pharma Health Club Newsletter, ISSUE 20
1ST SEPTEMBER, 2016
References:
1. Information about Waterborne diseases.
A v a i l a b l e
o n :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_dise
ases (Accessed on: 27.08.16)
9. Image of Sigmoidoscopy. Available on:
http://dramilenaliorci.com.br/wpcontent/uploads/2012/02/reto.png (Accessed
on: 28.08.16)
2. Christian Nordqvist, “Dysentery: Causes,
Symptoms and Treatments”, Mon 27 July 2015,
A v a i l a b l e
o n :
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/1
71193.php (Accessed on: 27.08.16)
10. HERBSDEPROVENCE.NET, “Treatment of
Dysentery by Using Home Remedies”, Available
on: http://herbsdeprovence.net/treatment-ofdysentery-by-using-home-remedies/
(Accessed on: 28.08.16)
3. Differences between various Dysentery.
A v a i l a b l e
o n :
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/digestivetrac
tproblemsingp-part1-150720013121-lva1app6892/95/digestive-tract-problems-in-gp-78638.jpg?cb=1437356066 (Accessed on:
27.08.16)
11. Home-cure.net, “Natural Home Remedies
for Dysentery”, Available on: http://homecure.net/natural-remedies-dysentery/
(Accessed on: 28.08.16)
4. Common symptoms of Dysentery. Available
o
n
:
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/desentery140501111748-phpapp02/95/desentery-5638.jpg?cb=1398943134 (Accessed on:
28.08.16)
12. Image of Ginger, Pomegranate, Lemon
juice & Coriander. Available on:
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/o1XS0b8BGBw/V1JWWC8qzCI/AAAAAAAABW
U/CTkroopP1S8Pt3erPJYoLBYtDJHRTRyswCLcB/s
1600/Dysentery.jpg (Accessed on: 28.08.16)
13. Image of Bel's Fruit Murabba. Available on:
http://thumbs.ifood.tv/files/image/ee/91/5782
5-belfruit-murabba.jpg (Accessed on: 28.08.16)
5. Image of Abdominal bloating. Available on:
h t t p : / / w w w . e n l i g h t e n e d c o n s c i o u s n e s s . c o m / w p content/uploads/2016/04/BelchingAbdominal-Bloating.jpg (Accessed on:
28.08.16)
6. Image of Abdominal pain. Available on:
http://www.clipartkid.com/images/45/abdomi
nal-pain-symptoms-kt0X2A-clipart.jpg
(Accessed on: 28.08.16)
7. Image of flatulence. Available on:
http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/naturalh
e
a
l
t
h
/
w
p
content/uploads/2013/05/bwgas.jpg
(Accessed on: 28.08.16)
8. Image of Nausea, vomiting & diarrhoea.
Available on: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/B 0 X L Q m 4 T c l c / U G 8 1 A P CvNI/AAAAAAAAAVo/vQW4myApEbg/s1600/
symptgoup3.jpg (Accessed on: 28.08.16)
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Monthly newsletter by School of Pharmacy, RK University
www.rku.ac.in/ hc