Investigation 4
Part 5
Making Sandstone
1
What is the material that is being deposited called?
Sediments: small pieces of rock,soil, and other
materials.
What type of rocks would the above material tend to form? ﴾major group﴿
Sedimentary
2
What must happen to a rock in order for sand to be formed?
Erosion
Erosion: the removal transportation of loose rock and sediment.
After the rock is eroded what needs to happen next to the sand in order for it to become sandstone?
Deposition: suspended sediments, such as sand, settle
out of the water, wind, ice, etc.. 3
The parent rock has been weathered and eroded into
sediments, settled out of the water and deposited. What
do you think would need to happen next in order for a layer of sandstone to be formed?
Cementation: A cementation agent such as sodium silicate,
calcium carbonate, fills the spaces between sediments forming a matrix holding the particles together.
Compaction: is pressure: the force applied by the weight
of accumulated sediments on the sediments below, squeezes
the liquid out and moves the sediments close together.
4
Matrix : material that glues the sand together
Geologists have identified several materials that can act
as the matrix in sandstone.
You are going to try to make some sandstone using a kind
of matrix called sodium silicate.
5
Place the terms in order for the formation of sandstone.
Sediments
Weathering & Erosion
Compaction
Deposition
Sandstone
Parent Rock
Cementation (Matrix)
6
What is chemical weathering?
Geologists believe that the silicate materials that are
in many kinds of rocks may be chemically weathered
and dissolved in water.
Silicate materials are found in solution in nature.
Sodium Silicate: the glue that holds sandstone
together
7
We have a chemical that might serve as a matrix in sandstone.
What else do we need to make sandstone?
When we observed the stream table, where did the material eroded
from the plateau settle out?
Why did the material settle out in those areas?
Why did the heavier materials get deposited at the top
and the lighter materials get deposited at the bottom?
Basin: low lying areas
8
Glue
Basin
Sodium Silicate
Sand
9
What group of rock does sandstone belong to?
Sedimentary
What evidence do we have to support this?
10
11
12
13
14
Why might acid or water soak into sandstone?
Sandstone is a mixture of sand and a matrix such as
sodium silicate.
The two environments needed for sandstone to form are
Sand Dunes and Beaches
Why can't sandstone form in other environments?
15
Look at sandstone on FOSS CD
Geology Lab - click on rocks
Geology Lab - click on volcano
16
17
18
19
20
21