CHAPTER 2 REVIEW WORK
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. Much of the California coastline was explored for Spain by _________________________.
2. The ____________________ Empire was centered in the Andes.
3. ____________________ was the first permanent settlement in Florida.
4. Christopher Columbus left Palos, Spain, with three ships—the Santa María, the Niña, and the
____________________.
5. The Native Americans Columbus encountered called themselves ____________________.
6. ____________________ led the Pueblo Revolt.
7. The term _________________________ means “to sail completely around.”
8. Juan Ponce de León never found the legendary _________________________.
9. Spain divided its lands into large territories called _________________________.
10. Viceroys were advised by a(n) ____________________, a type of council.
11. The Pueblo Revolt was fought in the present-day state of ____________________.
12. Poor mineral resources was one reason why the Spanish settlement of ____________________ went slowly.
13. Many European claims in North America resulted from failed attempts to find a(n)
_________________________.
14. Haciendas, ranchos, and ____________________ were types of Spanish settlements.
15. A German priest named _________________________ protested against corruption in the Roman Catholic
Church.
16. In the social structure of Spanish America, the criollos and ____________________ had the best jobs,
housing, and opportunities.
17. The _________________________ was a massive fleet of ships assembled by King Philip II.
18. The ____________________ region of the United States has many examples of Spanish architecture.
19. The first permanent English settlers named their settlement ____________________ in honor of their king.
20. _________________________ became a popular poet and scholar in Mexico.
Short Answer
21. During which periods did Spain’s wealth equal or exceed 30 million or more pesos?
22. About how much wealth was taken from the Americas during the 1500s?
23. During which period did Spain claim the least amount of wealth?
Write a brief answer for each of the following.
24. Why did Christopher Columbus sail west from Europe instead of east?
25. Why was the encomienda system unfair?
26. Describe the locations in the present-day United States where the Spanish concentrated most of their
settlements.
27. Why was the discovery of a Northwest Passage important?
28. Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada important to other European nations?
29. What reforms did Bartolomé de las Casas recommend to Spain’s rulers?
30. What was the Protestant Reformation, and how did it affect colonization in the Americas?
31. How did the Portuguese view Columbus’s voyages?
32. Why did Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas?
33. What were some of the motivations of the conquistadores?
34. Why do you think the Spaniards tore down Aztec temples?
35. What were some of the factors that slowed the settlement of Texas?
36. What led to the Pueblo Revolt?
37. What might have happened had Pocahontas not befriended the English?
38. Why could it be said that Spanish colonial government worked better in theory than in practice?
Essay
39. Describe the traditional historian’s viewpoint of the legacy left by Christopher Columbus.
40. Discuss what it was like to be a woman in Spanish America.
Other
For each of the following statements or questions, identify the letter of the best choice. Next, expand on the
subject by answering the second question.
41. Who was the explorer who first sighted the Pacific Ocean?
a. John Cabot
c. Vasco Núñez de Balboa
b. Francis Drake
d. Christopher Columbus
What did this sighting and Magellan’s voyage around the tip of South America inspire?
_________________________________________________________________
42. What area did Jacques Cartier explore in 1534?
a. the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River
b. the southern tip of Florida
c. the Carolinas
d. the West Indies
How did Cartier’s and Giovanni da Verrazano’s explorations help France?
_________________________________________________________________
43. Which of the following did Martin Luther oppose?
a. the practice of selling indulgences
b. the teachings of the Bible
c. the election of clergy by congregations
d. Protestant teachings
What were the results of Luther’s protests?
_________________________________________________________________
44. Where was Jamestown located?
a. on a high plateau
b. on an island
c. on a low, wooded peninsula near a marsh
d. on a swamp
How did Jamestown’s location affect its early inhabitants?
_________________________________________________________________
45. Who were the local American Indians at Jamestown?
a. Powhatan
c. Pueblo
b. Navajo
d. Taino
What role did these American Indians play during the early years of Jamestown?
_________________________________________________________________