Chapter 2
Properties of Matter
Section 2.1 Classifying Matter
Pure Substances
• Matter that always has _______________________________
• Every sample of the substance has the same __________ because of a
fixed, uniform _________________
• Two categories
– ______________
• Substance that cannot be ______________________, only
one type of ________
• Ex- ______________________
• Each element has its own _________
– Usually first ________________ of name
– ____________ system- everyone can understand
– ________________
• Substance made of _____________ simpler substances
_______________ combined
• Properties ___________ from elements that make it up
• Always contains two or more elements in a ______________
• Ex. _________________________
Mixtures
• Two or more elements or pure substances that are ________________
________________
• Properties can _______ because the composition is ____________
• ____________ mixtures
– Not evenly _____________
– Easy to __________ parts (ex. Salad)
• ___________ mixtures
– Evenly __________
– Appears as _______________ (ex. Steel)
Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids
• ___________- one substance __________ in another and forms a
____________ mixture that is _____________________
– Looks like __________________
– Ex. ________________________
• ___________- ______________ mixture that __________ into layers
over time
– Ex. __________________
• ___________- contains ______________ particles that can be seen
but does not __________
– Ex. _____________________
Section 2.2 Physical Properties
Examples of Physical Properties
• _________- tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing (resistance to flow)
– ___________ as a substance is heated
– Ex. _________________________
• ___________- material’s ability to allow heat to flow (or electricity)
– Metals usually good
• ___________- ability to be __________ into thin sheets
– Metals usually malleable b/c _________ slide around each other and
make it easier to form ______
– Objects that shatter when struck are ________
• _________- ability of one material to
________ another
– _________- hardest material
known
• _______________- temperature at
which substances go from a solid to a
liquid _________ or a liquid to a gas
__________
• _________- ratio of the _____ of a
sample of a substance to its _____
– Can be used to _________ substances
– Can be used to test the ________ of substances (ex. motorcycle
fuel)
Using Physical Properties
• Using properties to _______________
– Test sample for _______________ and compare to ______
– Ex. ___________________________________
• Using properties to __________________
– _______________________ are considered before choosing
• Using properties to ______________________
– _____________- process that separates materials based on the
_______ of their particles
• Ex. ___________________________
– _____________- process that separates the substances in a
solution based on their ___________________
• Ex. ____________________________
Recognizing Physical Changes
• _________________- occurs when _____ of the properties of a material
change, but the substances in the material _________________
– Examples- _______________________________
– Some are __________- phase changes, wrinkling shirt
– Some are ___________- cutting hair, slicing tomato
Section 2.3
Chemical Properties
Observing Chemical Properties
• ______________________- any ability to produce a _______ in the
___________ of matter
– Measure of the _________ to undergo chemical change
– Can only be observed _________________
– _____________- material’s ability to burn in presence of oxygen
(can be good or bad)
– _____________- how readily a substance combines chemically with
other substances (oxygen, water, acids, etc)
Recognizing Chemical Changes
• _________________- occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or
more _______________________
– Change in ______- not most reliable
• Ex. Tarnish of metals
– Formation of a _____
• Ex. Vinegar and baking soda
– Formation of a ___________
• ________ that forms and separates from a liquid mixture
• Ex. cheesemaking
– BE SURE THAT NEW SUBSTANCES ARE PRODUCED!!!
Physical or Chemical?
• Unzipping a zipper
• Digesting an apple
• Lighting a candle
• Putting a plug into a socket
• Framing a poster
• Smashing a watermelon
• Fading of dye
• Healing of wound
• Dissolving salt in water