HBIO 1, Final Exam Review
Name _______________________
SCIENCE SKILLS & UNDERSTANDING
1.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Science is a way of knowing. What does that mean?
Use each of the following words to explain how a scientist thinks: explanation, evidence, hypothesis, & logic.
Create a guide to writing testable questions for incoming freshmen. (Think rules and guides)
Create a guide to writing hypothesis for incoming freshmen. (Think rules and guides)
What are the steps of the scientific method? State and explain.
Write a testable question and hypothesis about the fish’s behavior for the following observations! It was observed
that fish did not come near the shore (within 5 meters or so) at the local lake. Also, the following was observed:
insects are seen equally over the entire lake, fish eat insects, tadpoles live in the weeds near the edge of the lake,
tadpoles eat water larvae, frogs live on shore, and frogs eat insects and small animals.
7. What is the Null Hypothesis for the scenario in #6?
8. What is the difference between evidence and inference?
“The first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect. A correlation between
two variables does not imply causation. On the other hand, if there is a causal relationship between
two variables, they must be correlated.”
9. Draw a sketch graph for and describe a positive correlation. Also for a negative correlation.
10. Identify if each of the following is correlated, and, if so, positively or negatively.
Not
correlated
Example
Positive
correlation
Negative
correlation
number of storks and birth rate in Denmark
number of priests in baseball players and chewing gum consumption
completing this review and the score on the final exam in HBIO
pirates cause global warming
11. What is a causal relationship? Define and then respond to the following statement.
Is there a causal relationship between class attendance and grades achieved?
• "Students with the lowest attendance earned the poorest grades. Those who attended 79 percent of the
classes or less ended up in the low C range; 90 percent and above scored above a B average. Student who
sat up front got 'significantly higher grades,' but Walsh [the researcher] thinks they could be more
interested in the subjects."
12. Remember, correlation does not mean causation! Identify if each of the following is causal.
Scenario
Causal
Not
Causal
Reasoning
In the start of the 20th century it was noted that
there was a strong correlation between 'Number of
radios' and 'Number of people in Insane Asylums'.
There is a strong positive correlation between the
number of fire trucks in a borough of NYC and the
number of fires that occur there.
There is a strong negative correlation between foot
size and hand writing quality.
Heavy coffee consumption is positively correlated with
heart attacks.
An increase in the number of hours kids watch TV
positively correlates with decrease in SAT scores.
13. Create a set of rules explaining how to make each of the following: a line graph, a bar graph, a histogram, and a
scatter plot.
14. What is a data point?
15. Set up a graph that would show the growth of a tree in width over 50 years.
ECOLOGY
Eutrophication & Jaffrey Lake
16. What is an indicator of pollution? How do we use them?
17. Explain the process of eutrophication. Draw a diagram of eutrophication.
18. Write a testable question and hypothesis concerning how excess fertilizer affects a large pond in the
middle of a golf course.
HBIO 1, Final Exam Review
Name _______________________
Nitrogen Cycle
19. Diagram the nitrogen cycle
20. What role does bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?
21. What form of nitrogen can plants use?
22. What role do decomposers play in the nitrogen cycle?
23. Name two reason that the functioning of the nitrogen cycle is critical to our survival.
Ecosystems & Change
24. What is sustainability?
25. What does it mean to make sustainable decisions?
26. What is ecology?
27. Put the following list in order of implied relative size: population, community, ecosystem, individual, species
28. List 5 biotic factors in an environment. List 5 abiotic factors.
29. BIODIVERSITY: explain the difference between ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic
diversity.
30. Why are invasive species problematic?
31. Explain the advantages and disadvantages in herding behavior, pack behavior, and solitary behavior.
32. Explain the importance of limiting factors in determining the carrying capacity for a population.
33. What is the difference between density independent factors and density dependent factors.
34. What are the similarities and differences between mutualism, amensalism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Energy & Ecosystems
35. What is the difference between a food web and an ecosystem energy pyramid?
36. How is energy transferred through the food web?
37. What is the 10% rule? State and explain.
38. Find a food web diagram and copy or recreate it in your response. What would happen if one of the
organisms in the middle of the web (you pick) were to decrease suddenly? Predict the change to each
member of the food web (increase, decrease, or stay the same).
Carbon Cycle
39. Diagram the carbon cycle.
40. Write an informative sentence using the following words: sink, reservoir, & flux.
41. Name the carbon reservoirs. In general, where is carbon stored in each.
42. Name the two largest carbon sinks. Why are they so good at storing carbon?
43. What is the problem with using fossil fuels?
44. Describe at least 3 sources of anthropogenic carbon emissions.
45. Even though carbon dioxide is not the most abundant greenhouse gas, explain why carbon is critical to
global temperatures.
46. Explain the significance of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
47. Create diagram that models the balance between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
48. If the mitochondria of half the organisms in the ecosystem stopped functioning, what indicators in the
ecosystem would change? Explain.
49. State and justify evidence you have that plants utilize cellular respiration.
50. Write the equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Explain why these two equations prove that
mass is gained or lost in organisms from carbon dioxide.
You are required to complete 20 of the questions listed above.
If you complete ALL 50, you will receive 30 extra credit points
on your final exam (all or nothing).