Name_______KEY_______________________________Period_____Date____________________
Standard 4 Objectives 2 & 4 Test Review
1. What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object; mass stays the same regardless of location; measured in grams
Weight is the force of gravity on an object; weight changes depending on location; measured in Newtons
2. If you were to go to the moon, would your mass change or would your weight change? Explain.
Your mass stays the same; your weight would change.
The mass of the moon is about 1/6 the mass of the earth so the moon has about 1/6 the pull of gravity on
objects.
3. How do you measure gravity? Give an example.
You measure gravity with a SPRING SCALE. When you step on a bathroom scale, gravity pulls down on you
and you measure your weight.
4. You have a teeter totter and some bricks. Draw a picture of how you could measure your mass.
What unit would your mass be in?
Consider a teeter-totter. If you sit on one side and have someone pile bricks on the other side, you have
your mass in bricks when the teeter-totter is balanced.
5. What are the 2 parts of the Law of Universal Gravitation?
a. Mass – the pull of gravity depends on the mass of objects; the more massive the object the more
gravity
b. Distance – the pull of gravity depends on the distance between the two objects; the closer the more
pull of gravity; the pull decreases the farther apart the objects get
6. As the mass of an object increases, what happens to the amount of gravitational force it exerts?
As the mass of an object increases, the amount of gravitational force it exerts INCREASES
7. In order to list the planets in order from the one with the most gravitational force to the one with the
least gravitational force, what information about the planets do you need to know?
You need to know the MASS of the planets; the more massive the more pull of gravity
8. List the planets in order of the one with the most gravitational force to the one with the least
gravitational force. (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) hint: check
colored planets on your Mass vs. Weight Notes
Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, Earth, Venus, Uranus, Mercury, Mars, Pluto
9. As the distance from an object increases, what happens to the amount of gravitational force felt by the
object?
The amount of gravitation force decreases. Think about astronauts; as they get farther away from the earth
they approach “weightlessness.”
10. Which planet does the Sun have the most gravitational effect on? Why?
The sun has the most gravitational effect on Mercury, the planet closest to it!
11. Which planet does the Sun have the least gravitational effect on?
Pluto is the farthest distance from the sun and there for the sun has the least gravitational effect on it.
12. Why does Earth have a stronger gravitational pull than the moon? Explain.
The earth has more mass than the moon and therefore has more gravitational pull.
13. Why is it that you would be able to jump higher on the moon that you can on Earth?
The moon has less mass than the earth; therefore it has less pull on you. You would be able to jump
higher on the moon.
14. Give 2 reasons why friction is important.
a. (increase) You would increase friction between car tires and the road to keep your car from slipping.
You would increase friction between your shoes and the ground to keep from slipping when playing
sports games like soccer, football, basketball.
b. (decrease) You would decrease friction between moving parts of a machine – like a car or sewing
machine – with oil to keep the parts from wearing on each other or heating up. You increase friction
between and surfaces to grip them – basketball, rock climbing, and gymnast.
For questions 15 through 26, select the collect answer listed between the parentheses and write your
answer in the blank space next to the question number.
15. If you were on the moon, your mass would be (more, less, the
15. the same – mass
same) than on earth.
doesn’t change
16. less – the moon is
16. If you were on the moon, your weight would be (more, less, the
less massive than the
same) than on earth.
earth; less gravity
17. If you were on the sun, your mass would be (more, less, the
17. the same – mass
same) than on earth.
doesn’t change
18. If you were on the sun, your weight would be (more, less, the
18. more because the
same) than on earth.
sun is more massive
19. If you were on the top of Mt. Everest, your mass would be
19. same because
(more, less, the same) than at sea level.
mass doesn’t change
20. less because you
are farther away from
20. If you were on the top of Mt. Everest, your weight would be
the center of the
(more, less, the same) than at sea level.
earth; more distance
= less gravity
21. You would weigh
21. If you were standing in your living room, you would weigh
more because you are
(more, less, the same) than if you were standing at the top of
closer to the center of
Mt. Timpanogos.
the earth
22. If you were standing in your living room, your mass would be
22. Mass is the same
(more, less, the same) than if you were standing at the top of
regardless of location
Mt. Timpanogos.
23. Weight
23. (Mass, Weight) is a measurement of the force of gravity.
24. (Mass, Weight) is a measurement of the amount of matter in an 24. Mass
object.
25. If you use a teeter-totter to put your little brother on one end
and stacked 5-pound bags of sugar on the other end until it
balanced out, are you trying to find out mass or weight?
26. In Physics, weight is measured in (newtons, kilograms).
25. Mass – you are
balancing an
unknown amount
against a known
quantity
26. Newtons
27. Describe the potential and kinetic energy of a marble at each of the positions 1 to 4:
Position 1
Position 2
Position 3
Position 4
All potential energy because the marble has the greatest height
(we assume it is not moving)
Half potential energy and half kinetic energy; the marble still has
height = PE; the marble is moving = KE
All kinetic energy. This is where the height = 0 so the PE = 0. All
the PE from point 1 has transformed into KE at point 3. This is
where the marble is moving the fastest.
Some KE and some PE. The height gives the marble some PE. If
the marble didn’t have some speed it would drop to the ground
so we assume it has some motion = kinetic energy.
1
4
2
3
28. What type of energy is stored in a stretched elastic cord? Explain.
Elastic Potential Energy
29. Place the 60 kg mass at 2 m to the right of the pivot. Where do you place the 80 kg mass in order to
keep balance the board?
Note: The numbers have been changed from the original pages handed out to students. These numbers are
easier to calculate.
The 80 kg mass is placed at the 1.5 meter mark. In order to balance both sides have to be equal:
80 x 1.5 = 60 x 2
120 = 120
30. Place the 20 kg mass at 2 m to the right of the pivot. Where do you place the 80 kg mass in order to
keep balance the board?
Place the 80 kg mass at the .5 m mark:
80 x .5 = 20 x 2
40 = 40