Name _________________________________________________________________________________ Period ______
Chapter 19 Reading Guide –Politics and Economics (1968-1980)
Directions:
Lesson 1, The Nixon Administration pp. 540-544
Define or identify the following:
1.
revenue sharing
2.
impound
3.
détente
4.
summit
Directions:
D.
E.
Read the headings and subheadings in the textbook then use the information under each one to answer
the questions below:
Appealing to Middle America
To whom did Republican candidate Richard Nixon tailor his message? __________________________________
What was Nixon’s Southern strategy? ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Why was Nixon called a “law and order” president? _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
What was Nixon’s “New Federalism”? ____________________________________________________________
What was the Family Assistance Plan? ____________________________________________________________
II.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
A.
How did Henry Kissinger help develop Nixon’s foreign policy? _________________________________________
I.
A.
B.
C.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
B.
C.
D.
What was détente? ___________________________________________________________________________
Why did Nixon visit China? _____________________________________________________________________
What did Nixon hope his trip would achieve with respect to the Soviet Union? ___________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the following question.
Explain how Nixon’s presidency was shaped by describing the two points below:
1.
“New Federalism” -
2.
foreign policy –
1
Lesson 2, Watergate Scandal pp. 545-548
Directions:
Define or Identify the following:
1.
executive privilege
2.
special prosecutor
Directions:
Read each main idea in your textbook and answer the questions below:
A.
Main Idea:
The Watergate scandal occurred because Nixon and his supporters were concerned about his
reelection campaign.
1.
Why did reporter Bob Woodward become interested in what appeared to be a routine burglary? ____________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
What was the atmosphere of the Nixon White House? ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Who ordered the break-in at the Democratic Party headquarters? _____________________________________
4.
How did Nixon become involved in the break-in? ___________________________________________________
5.
What was the result of the 1972 presidential election? _______________________________________________
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Main Idea:
A Senate committee investigation of the burglary opened a floodgate of confessions and led to
the resignation of the president.
Who was John Dean and what was his testimony? _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did Nixon refuse to hand over his tape recordings? _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did Spiro Agnew resign? __________________________________________________________________
Why did Nixon resign? ________________________________________________________________________
What was the impact of the Watergate scandal ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the following question.
Explain the importance of the Watergate scandal in American history by writing the impact of the results below:
1.
Nixon resigns -
2.
Americans’ views of government –
3.
campaign elections laws –
2
Lesson 3, Ford and Carter pp. 549-553
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
inflation
2.
embargo
3.
stagflation
Directions:
Read each main idea and use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
A.
Main Idea:
Inflation created by increased deficit spending and a rise in the price of oil caused an economic crisis
United States.
Details:
1.
President Johnson increased deficit spending to fund the ______________________ and the _________________________
2.
OPEC decided to use oil as a weapon by announcing a(n) __________________________ to countries that supported Israel.
3.
Another problem was the decline in _________________________. Many ____________________ closed and millions of
workers ________________________________. These problems, combined with _________________, created a situation
nicknamed ___________________________.
B.
Main Idea:
Both Ford and Carter tried to solve the country’s economic problems, but with little success.
Details:
1.
Ford launched a program called ____________________, but it _____________________ failed to revive the economy.
Ford kept ____________________ on as secretary of state and continued Nixon’s policy of __________________________.
2.
Carter tried to fix the economy through ______________________ and ________________________. He created the
_________________and asked Americans to reduce their consumption because of their dependence on _______________.
C.
Main Idea:
In foreign policy, President Carter had his biggest triumph and most dismal failure.
Details:
1.
President Carter condemned the Soviet Union as a violator of ____________________. When the Soviets invaded
Afghanistan, he imposed an _________________________________ and boycotted the ___________________ in Moscow.
2.
In 1978 Carter helped broker a historic peace treaty known as the _________________________ between ______________
and Israel, a first major step toward peace in the Middle East.
3.
In November 1979, _______________________ in Iran took 52 Americans hostage when they stormed the
________________________ because of U.S. support for the ____________________ of Iran. The hostages were released
on __________________, the day _______________________.
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the following question.
Describe President Carter’s domestic and foreign policies and their impact by supplying the details below:
1.
U.S. dependence on foreign oil:
2.
foreign policy:
a.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
b.
Camp David Accords
c.
attack on the U.S. embassy in Iran
3
Lesson 4, New Approaches to Civil Rights pp. 554-559
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
busing
2.
affirmative action
Directions:
Locate each heading below in your text and use the information to help you write each answer:
I.
African Americans Seek Greater Opportunity
A.
What two problems did many African Americans face? 1. ________________________ 2. _________________________.
B.
Why did many schools remain segregated? _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________.
C.
How did state courts try to solve this problem? ______________________________________________________________.
D.
In University of California v. Bakke the Supreme Court ruled that universities could not use ___________________________
to maintain diversity on campus.
E.
How did affirmative action help African Americans obtain good jobs? ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________.
F.
Why were some people against affirmative action? __________________________________________________________.
II.
A.
B.
C.
D.
III.
A.
B.
Native Americans Raised their Voices
Why was the Declaration of Indian Purpose important? ______________________________________________________.
The Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 recognized the legitimacy of local reservation law and guaranteed reservation residents
the protection of ______________________________________________________.
Why did Native Americans form militant groups? ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________.
What gains have Native Americans made? _________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Disability Rights Movement
What gains have people with disabilities made in access to public buildings and job discrimination? ___________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
What changes have occurred in education? _________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the following question:
List the opportunities the minority groups below have gained in education and employment.
1.
African Americans
2.
Native Americans
3.
Disabled people
4
Lesson 5, Environmentalism pp. 560-563
Define or identify the following:
1.
smog
2.
fossil fuel
Directions:
Read the lesson in the text and complete the outline below by filling in the blanks:
I.
The Origins of Environmentalism
A.
The person who helped start the environmental movement was ____________________. She was a __________________
who wrote the best-selling book _____________________.
B.
People were becoming upset over the increased use of ____________________, particularly _______________, to control
insect populations. Americans were concerned that the chemicals also killed ____________________,
____________________, and other creatures.
C.
Smoke and chemical fumes combined to create ____________________, which hung over many cities. Nearly all of the fish
in Lake Erie disappeared because of ____________________ and ____________________.
D.
In April 1970, the U.S. celebrated the first _________________________, marking the beginning of the_________________
__________________________. Many organizations like the Audubon Society worked to ___________________________
and _______________________ of natural resources.
II.
A.
B.
C.
The Environmental Movement Blossoms
In 1970 the National Environmental Policy Act created the ____________________________. The federal government also
established ___________________________ for factories and _________________________. It restricted the discharge of
____________________ into the nation’s lakes and rivers. It established ways to save threatened ____________________
and _________________________.
A great display of community involvement occurred when the residents of ____________________ noticed high incidences
of ____________________ in their community. Because the community was built on top of a ________________________
________________ they forced the government to __________________________________________________________.
Citizens also became concerned over the use of ____________________ to create electricity. When __________________
was accidentally released from a facility at _____________________, many residents fled or were ____________________.
Even President ____________________ arranged a visit to allay some of the public’s concerns.
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of the lesson by answering the following question.
Explain how Americans benefitted from the environmental movement by supplying the details below:
1.
Awareness
2.
Banning chemicals
3.
Government legislation
5