INDIAN CONSTITUTION


Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is regarded as the chief architect of the Indian
Constitution. Also he is the Chairman of the drafting committee of the Constitution.
B.N Rau, Constitutional Adviser. He also became the first Indian judge in the
International Court of Justice.
 Supreme law of India.
 Longest written constitution in the world.
 Imparts constitutional supremacy and not Parliamentary Supremacy, that means
Parliament cannot override the constitution.
 Adopted by constituent assembly on 26th November 1949, this day is
celebrated in India as Law day.
th
 Came into effect on 26 January 1950, this date is chosen to commemorate
the Purna Swaraj decleration of Independence 1930.

The 389 members of the constituent assembly took two years, eleven
months and eighteen days to complete the drafting of the constitution.
 It consist of 395 Articles, which are divided in 22 parts and has 12
schedules.
Part 1 – The Union and its Territories (1-4)
Article 1. Name and territory of the Union.
Article 3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or
names of existing States.
Part 2 – Citizenship(5-11)
Part 3 – Fundamental Rights(12-35)
12.
Definition.
13.
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Right to Equality
14.
Equality before law.
15.
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste,
sex or birth of place.
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16.
17.
18.
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Abolition of Untouchability.
Abolition of titles.
Right to Freedom
19.
20.
21.
21A.
22.
Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
Protection of life and personal liberty.
Right to education.
Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right against Exploitation
23.
24.
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
25.
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and
propagation of religion.
26.
Freedom to manage religious affairs.
27.
Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular
religion.
28.
Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious
worship in certain educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
29.
Protection of interests of minorities.
30.
Right of minorities to establish and administer educational
institutions.
31.
[Repealed.]
Saving of Certain Laws
31A.
31B.
31C.
31D.
Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
[Repealed.]
Right to Constitutional Remedies
32.
32A.
Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
[Repealed.]
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33.
Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in
their application to Forces, etc.
34.
Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in
force in any area.
35.
Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
Part 4 – Directive Principles of State Policy(36-51)
38.
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the
people.
39.
Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A.
Equal justice and free legal aid.
40.
Organisation of village panchayats.
41.
Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain
cases.
42.
Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity
relief.
43.
Living wage, etc., for workers.
43A.
Participation of workers in management of industries.
44.
Uniform civil code for the citizens.
45.
Provision for early childhood care and education to children below
the age of six years.
46.
Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
47.
Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of
living and to improve public health.
48.
Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
48A.
Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of
forests and wild life.
49.
Protection of monuments and places and objects of national
importance.
50.
Separation of judiciary from executive.
51.
Promotion of international peace and security.
Part - 4A – Fundamental Duties.
Part 5 – The Union(148- 151)
52 – The President of India
63 – The Vice President of India
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72 –
Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or
commute sentences in certain cases.
74.
Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
76.
Attorney-General for India
110.
Definition of “Money Bills”.
123.
Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess
of Parliament.
124.
Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
139.
Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
141.
Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
148.
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
Part 6 – The States(152-237)
153. Governors of States
161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or
commute sentences in certain cases.
165. Advocate-General for the State
213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
214. High Courts for States.
226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
Part 7 – This part has been repealed by the seventh
amendment in 1956
Part 8 – The Union Territories(239-242)
239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi .
Part 9 – The Panchayats(243 – 243o)
Part 9A – The Municipalities(243 – 243 zg)
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Part 10 – The Schedule and Tribal Areas(244)
Part 11 – Relations between the Union and the
States(245 – 263)
Part 12 – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits(264 –
300A)
266. Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
267. Contingency Fund.
280. Finance Commission.
300A. Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.
PART 13 – Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the
territory of India(301 – 307)
Part 14 – Services under the Union and the States (308323)
Part 14A – Tribunals
Part 15 – Elections(324-329)
324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an
Election Commission.
Part 16 – Special provisions relating to certain classes (330-
342)
Part 17 – Official Languages(343-351)
Part 18 – Emergency Provisions( 352- 360)
352. National Emergency
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356. State Emergency
360. Financial Emergency
Part 19 – Miscellaneous( 361 – 367)
Part 20 – Amendment of the Constitution( 368)
368. Power of the parliament to amend the constitution.
Part 21 – Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions(
369 – 392)
370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Part 22 – Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in
Hindi and Repeals (393 – 395)
Schedules
First Schedule
I.
II.
The States
The Union Territories
Second Schedule
Part A—Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States
Part B— [Repealed.]
Part C—Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of
the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State.
Part D—Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High
Courts.
Part E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
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Third Schedule
Forms of Oaths or Affirmations
Fourth Schedule
Allocation of seats in the Council of States
Fifth Schedule
Part A—General
Part B—Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
Part C— Scheduled Areas
Part D—Amendment of the Schedule
Sixth Schedule
Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam,
Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
Seventh Schedule
List I —Union List
List II—State List
List III—Concurrent List
Eight Schedule
Languages
Ninth Schedule
Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Tenth Schedule
Anti-defection of law
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Eleventh Schedule
Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
Twelfth Schedule
Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities
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