7/10/16 THE BROCKPORT: PHYSICAL
FITNESS ASSESSMENT TO
MEET THE NEEDS OF
STUDENTS WITH
DISABILITIES
Kathy Brinker
Adapted Physical Education Instructor
[email protected]
Cooperative Association for Special Education
Schedule for Today
1.  Outline state mandate
2.  Describe Brockport Physical Fitness Test (BPFT)
3.  Understand how the Brockport is different/same to
standard physical fitness testing
4.  Answer any questions that you have
Individuals with physical disabilities and
sport/activity
1 7/10/16 Individuals with physical disabilities and
sport/activity
What is the state mandate?
•  No, per 105 ILCS 5/27-6.5 of the Illinois School Code.
“Public schools shall integrate health-related fitness
testing into the curriculum as an instructional tool, except
in grades before the 3rd grade. Fitness tests must be
appropriate to students’ developmental levels and
physical abilities. The testing must be used to teach
students how to assess their fitness levels, set goals for
improvement, and monitor progress in reaching their
goals”
Source: Questions and Answers IL Fitness Assessments and Data Reporting (updated
2/23/16): ISBE
Understanding what we are doing?
2 7/10/16 What is being reported to ISBE
ISBE requires districts to report by school:
•  # of students tested by grade (5, 7 & 10 only) and gender in
each of the subtests
•  # of students that achieved a healthy fitness zone by grade (5,
7 & 10 only) and gender in each subtests
•  The # of students that were identified as needing improvement
by grade (5, 7 & 10 only) and gender in each of the subtests
Source: Questions and Answers IL Fitness Assessments and Data Reporting (updated (2/23/16): ISBE
When and how will fitness scores be
reported to ISBE?
Teachers will submit the above data (only post-test/end
of the year) for grades 5, 7 & 10 to their school
administrator by the date set by the district. Then, by
May 1st 2017, the district administrator will submit that
aggregate data for each school to ISBE through the
Student Health Data in the ISBE Web Application
Security (IWAS) system .
What needs to be Assessed?
•  The following four portions of Fitnessgram must be administered to grades 3-12 in the
second semester (first and second semesters preferred for pre and post results) and
annually thereafter:
•  Aerobic Capacity – grades 4-12 - the PACER test (recommended) or Mile Run
(alternate) or Brockport test (any of the adapted tests for aerobic functioning for
students with disabilities);
•  Flexibility - the Back-Saver Sit and Reach test (recommended) or Trunk Lift test
(alternate), or Brockport test (any of the adapted tests for flexibility or range of motion
for students with Disabilities)
•  Muscular Endurance-The Curl Up test or Brockport test (any of the adapted
tests for strength and endurance for students with disabilities)
•  Muscular Strength–the Push-Up test or Brockport test (any of the adapted tests
for strength and endurance for students with disabilities)
•  Schools should use the Brockport fitness testing methodologies, when appropriate
as determined by an Individualized Education Program (IEP) team, for students with
disabilities.
Source: Questions and Answers IL Fitness Assessments and Data Reporting (updated (2/23/16): ISBE
3 7/10/16 Can the FitnessGram® be used to
report fitness levels of students with
disabilities?
•  Absolutely!! Many students with disabilities will not need
adapted fitness zones and will meet the healthy fitness
zone with the FitnessGram® standards. In these cases
this can be reported as “meeting the healthy fitness zone”
to ISBE. Additionally, many students with disabilities will
take the same tests along side their peers (i.e. pacer test
to measure aerobic capacity) and may or may not need to
use the Brockport adapted fitness zones based on their
disability and aerobic capacity.
Might a student that has a known
disability, but not an IE, use the Brockport
Norms
•  Fitness tests must be appropriate to students’
developmental levels and physical abilities.
Absolutely!!
Source: Questions and Answers IL Fitness Assessments and
Data Reporting (updated 2/23/16): ISBE
How can these physical fitness tests
be administered with fidelity?
Physical educators already administer many of these
common tests and should no issues with administration.
For students with significant intellectual or physical
disabilities, knowledge of the students profile including
contraindications to activities, specifics as to how the
disability affects physical fitness and movement as well as
specific training in test protocol would be necessary to
administer the Brockport safely and with fidelity.
4 7/10/16 Knowledge of Students to apply the
protocols correctly for safety and accuracy
Example of safety considerations:
Exceptions to standard THRZ:
Individual with low-level quadriplegia (spinal cord injuries/
lesions in the C6-C8 level)
If resting is less 65 beats then THRZ is 85-100 BPM
If resting is 65 or more then THRZ is 20 to 30 BPM above
resting
System to use appropriate tests and
norms
Standard
Assessment
Adapted
Fitness Zones
Alternate
Protocol
•  Fitnessgram or other suitable standard fitness
testing to determine “healthy fitness zones”
•  Same standard fitness test- use “adapted
fitness zones” to determine healthy fitness zone
for specific disability groups
•  Alternate fitness test that measures similar
areas of fitness based on student profile
What about students with significant
intellectual or physical disabilities who
will need the alternate protocol?
•  The Brockport is particularly helpful in determining the
physical fitness levels of students with significant
intellectual or physical disabilities. There are a variety of
protocols to choose from (only 1 assessment protocol for
each of the 4 health related physical fitness areas that
ISBE requires). Local school districts/teachers have the
ability based on the individual student profile to determine
which test would best measure fitness in a particular area.
5 7/10/16 Brockport Physical Fitness Manual; 2nd
Edition
Online web based videos
Permission was given from Human Kinetics
To use charts and images only for this
Presentation.
http://www.humankinetics.com/search?Q=brockport&x=0&y=0
History of the Brockport
•  Is highly correlated with the Fitnessgram®. Both criterion
standard tests (standards for health related fitness) are
based heavily on normative information. Both test are
considered the standards in the field of physical
education/fitness.
•  The Brockport was a 5 year multimillion dollar OSERS
grant that was published in 1999 and is now in 2nd edition.
Healthy standards for students age 10-17 with an
intellectual disability, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy,
blindness, congenital anomaly, or amputation are listed
within the Brockport.
Brockport is designed for Individuals with
Visual impairment
intellectual disability
orthopedic impairment: including cerebral palsy (CP), spinal
cord injury(SCI), congenital anomaly, and amputation.
Between the ages of 10-17
*** If standard norms are appropriate and the student is scoring
in healthy zone on the fitnessgram DO NOT use the Brockport.
6 7/10/16 An example of the Brockport standards
•  Scenario: John is a 16 and a sophomore with Down
Syndrome. He ran the 20 meter pacer with his peers and
received a score of 35 laps. Based on the Adapted
Fitness Zone norms, John is in the healthy fitness zone.
Adapted Fitness Zones (AFZ)
Fitness Zones for Recommended and Optional Test Items
Age
(yr.)
PACER
(20 m laps)
TAMT
(pass/fail)
Boys With Intellectual Disability
Triceps and calf
skinfolde (mm)
Percent body fatc
Body mass indexc
NIa
AFZa
HFZb
NI
HFZd
Very lean
HFZ
NI
NI
(health risk)
HFZ
10
≤4
5–16
≥17
F
P
≤8.8
8.9–22.4
22.5
≥33.2
11–29
≤14.4
14.5–19.7
19.8
11
≤7
8–19
≥20
F
P
≤8.7
8.8–23.6
23.7
≥35.4
11–31
≤14.8
14.9–20.5
20.6
12
≤11
12–22
≥23
F
P
≤8.3
8.4–23.6
23.7
≥35.9
10–31
≤15.2
15.3–21.3
21.4
Very lean
HFZ
NI
NI
(health risk)
≥22.7
≥23.7
≥24.7
13
≤16
17–28
≥29
F
P
≤7.7
7.8–22.8
22.9
≥35.0
9–30
≤15.7
15.8–22.2
22.3
≥25.6
14
≤23
24–35
≥36
F
P
≤7.0
7.1–21.3
21.4
≥33.2
8–28
≤16.3
16.4–23.0
23.1
≥26.5
15
≤29
30–41
≥42
F
P
≤6.5
6.6–20.1
20.2
≥31.5
8–26
≤16.8
16.9–23.7
23.8
16
≤33
34–46
≥47
F
P
≤6.4
6.5–20.1
20.2
≥31.6
8–26
≤17.4
17.5–24.5
24.6
≥27.9
≤37
38–49
≥50
F
P
≤6.6
6.7–20.9
21.0
≥33.0
8–27
≤18.0
18.1–24.9
25.0
≥28.6
17
Age
(yr.)
Isometric push-up
(sec.)
Bench press
(# completed)
Extended-arm hang
(sec.)
NI
AFZ
HFZd
NI
AFZ
HFZc
NI
≥21
≤8
≤15
16–24
≥25
≤10
11–17
≥18
10–19
20–50
≤5
6–11
≥12
≤18
19–28
≥29
≤12
13–20
≥21
14
≤15
16–32
33–50
≤7
8–14
≥15
≤21
22–32
≥33
≤13
14–23
≥24
20–39
40–50
≤7
8–14
≥15
≤23
24–36
≥37
≤13
14–23
≥24
23–46
47–50
≤7
8–14
≥15
≤27
28–42
≥43
≤13
14–23
≥24
25–49
50
≤7
8–14
≥15
≤31
32–48
≥49
≤13
14–23
≥24
≤19
AFZ
20–39
HFZd
40
11
≤19
20–39
40
≤19
20–39
40
15
≤19
16
≤22
17
Age
(yr.)
≤22
≤24
Trunk lift
(in.)
NI
HFZc
Shoulder stretch
(pass/fail)
NI
HFZc
Sit-and-reach
(in.)
NI
23–29
HFZd
30–40
≤22
23–29
30–40
≤22
23–29
30–40
a.
HFZc
≤11
≤13
AFZ
≥27.2
Modified curl-up
(# completed)
≤9
NI
10
AFZ
Grip strength
(kg)
13
12
NI
Flexed-arm hang
(sec.)
HFZd
12–17
≥18
14–20
NI
≤6
AFZ
7–11
9–14
HFZc
≥12
≥15
NI and AFZ lap counts from Winnick and Short, 2014, developed
. with an equation provided by The Cooper Institute
(2013). AFZ lap range represents a 10 percent reduction from VO2max standard for the general population. Where
appropriate, youngsters with intellectual disability should pursue standards for the HFZ.
8
b.
Reprinted, by permission, from The Cooper Institute, 2014, Goal setting chart for aerobic capacity and PACER test.
11
≤8
9–12
F
P
≤7
8
c.
12
≤8
9–12
F
P
≤7
8
Reprinted, by permission, from The Cooper Institute, 2013, Fitnessgram/Activitygram test administration manual,
updated 4th ed. (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), 65.
13
≤8
9–12
F
P
≤7
8
d.
Based on Project Target (1998).
14
≤8
9–12
F
P
≤7
8
e.
The Cooper Institute, 2013, Fitnessgram/Activitygram test administration manual, updated 4th ed. (Champaign,
IL: Human Kinetics), 65, 101.
10
15
≤8
≤8
9–12
9–12
F
F
P
P
≤7
≤7
8
16
≤8
9–12
F
P
≤7
8
17
≤8
9–12
F
P
≤7
8
From J. Winnick and F. Short, 2014, Brockport physical fitness test manual: A health-related assessment for ZPVOHTUFST with disabilities (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).
An example of the Brockport Alternate
Assessment
•  Scenario: Jane is a 10 year-old 5th grader with
quadriplegic CP who uses a power wheelchair throughout
her day. Jane is able to walk slowly with standby
assistance with the use of a walker. Jane loves to get out
of her chair and move her legs and stretch. Although
unable to run/walk a mile in under 13:00 minutes with her
peers, she will be able to participate in the aerobic
capacity test along side her peers who are running. Jane
will walk the Target Aerobic Movement test on a smooth
surface where her heart rate will be constantly monitored
over a 15-minute period to see if she is able to maintain a
moderate to vigorous level of aerobic capacity.
7 7/10/16 27 Test Items- Menu of options based on student needs (A
personalized approach). You decide which subtests; usually 4-6)
A functional approach to health related
physical fitness
•  The reasons for choosing the testing protocol are very
functional. It is geared toward a persons everyday
functional needs, life skills and health.
•  At break we are going to list all the reasons why you think
they choose the test items and what that means to an
individuals health.
Why functional health related components and how
that relates to person overall health
• Prevention of disease/injury
• Being able to perform activities of
daily living (ADL’s)
• Keeping up speed endurance with
general population
• Independence
8 7/10/16 Why certain tests for functional health
related fitness?
•  Ability to transfer in and out of chair. (20 seconds)
•  Prevent pressure sores Decubitus ulcers- 5 seconds every 15
minutes
•  Propel wheelchair
•  Moderate aerobic capacity over 15 minutes- assumes you can
maintain that even longer
•  8 feet wheelchair ramp(distance and slope of wheelchair curb
cutout) 15 feet is standard ramp
•  1lb weight- lifting common objects (hand pronation)
•  40 meter/minute if you can reach this threshold and keep your
hr to a minimum value intensity you can maintain this functional
ambulation over time.
•  Shoulder flexibility- do ADL’s put on your coat ,brush your teeth
•  Hip flexors- maintain walking
When can you report that the student is in
the healthy fitness zone:
•  Healthy Fitness Zone(HFZ): represents the general
population level of fitness that is an acceptable level of
health related physical fitness.
•  Adapted Fitness Zone (AFZ): represents an adapted level
of fitness that is an acceptable level of health related
fitness based on a specific disability group.
•  **Both can be reported as within the healthy zone to
ISBE.
Intellectual Disability
•  Sub average intellectual functioning concurrently with
limitations in adaptive behaviors/skills: i.e. Daily living
skills, leisure, communication). Before the age of 18.
•  Can run from mild to severe.
•  Individuals in severe range will most likely need significant
modified test protocol
•  Comorbid “with other disabilities”
often autism, physical disabilities (CP), Traumatic brain
injury, spina-bifida.
9 7/10/16 Practice Test Protocol
Like any fitness testing and
particularly with our students with
intellectual disabilities, multiple
practice trials need to be completed
leading up to the day of actual
testing to assure true results.
Individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP)
CP- Lesion on
the brain that can
affect fine and/or
gross motor
functioning. Can
affect tone,
coordination and/
or strength.
Nonprogressive
in nature.
Spinal Cord Injury classification system
10 7/10/16 Congenital Anomaly or Amputation
•  AK- Above the knee BK-Below the knee
•  AE-Above the elbow BK-Below the elbow
•  **Certainly have the student use the prosthetic if
appropriate and safe.
Visual Impairment
Persons who are blind or partially sighted- most of the time
will use the general standards
Upper Body Strength and Endurance
11 7/10/16 Wheelchair ramp Test (pass/fail)
Dumbbell Press (# of repetitions)
Seated Pushup (# completed)
12 7/10/16 Reverse Curl
Modified Pull-up (# completed)
Dominant Grip Strength (kg)
13 7/10/16 Isometric Pushup
40-meter push/walk
Trunk and Abdominal Functioning
14 7/10/16 Modified Sit-up (# completed)
Aerobic Capacity
Heart Rate Zones ***guidelines only
Target Heart Rate Zone (THRZ) should be 70-85% of max HR So
between 140-180 beats per minute (BPM)
If individual is above the THRZ for 2 consecutive minutes the test is over
Exceptions to standard THRZ:
Low-level quadriplegia (spinal cord injuries/lesions in the C6-C8 level)
If resting is less 65 beats then THRZ is 85-100 BPM
If resting is 65 or more then THRZ is 20 to 30 BPM above resting
Other Exceptions to standard THRZ:
Persons exercising using arm-only exercise should be in a THRZ of
130-170 BPM.
**These are guidelines only. Medications, and other factors such as illness
may affect heart rates. Often individuals with SCI at T6 over above may
have a working heart rate of 120-130. Often Perceived exertion is a better
indicator for individuals with SCI.
15 7/10/16 Arm ergometer
Target Aerobic Movement Test (TAMT)
Flexibility/Range of Motion (ROM)
16 7/10/16 Target Stretch Test (TST)
Modified Apley Test
Trunk Lift
17 7/10/16 Shoulder Stretch
Modified Thomas Test
Additional Resources
•  Where can I find information about FitnessGram tests
and Brockport protocol?
http://www.humankinetics.com/home
http://www.presidentialyouthfitnessprogram.org
18