HIST 294: RELATIONSHIP STATUS: IT’S COMPLICATED
ASIA AND THE UNITED STATES, 1850-PRESENT
Class Information
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Time:
Instructor Information
Dr. Phillip Guingona
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Presidential Liner, Dollar Shipping Company
Bjorn Larsson, www.timetableimages.com/maritime/index.htm
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Course Description
The history of trans-Pacific interaction is often defined by key events, such as the Perry
Expedition, the Boxer Rebellion, World War II, and the Vietnam War; and key figures, like
Liang Qichao, Emperor Hirohito, and Henry Kissinger. While this course will introduce key
events and people like these, it will also take a closer look at undercurrents of contact—
connections forged by unsung people and institutions. It will examine the multilateral flows of
ideas and discourses between the continents; the exchange of students, athletes, musicians, and
scientists; as well as the legacies of historical interactions on present relations. How did Asians
and Americans interact, and what innovations fueled those interactions? Why have histories of
contact traditionally been oriented toward diplomatic exchanges and one way influence (US to
Asia)? Should we change this orientation? What is the legacy of American empire, exclusion,
and racist discourses and policies? This course is centered on five main themes: 1. Trade and
Diplomacy 2. Empire and Conflict 3. Migration and Movement 4. Race and Gender and 5.
Religion and Soft Power. Each week will be divided into two sections; the first an interactive
lecture on key themes, figures, and events, and the second a discussion of the readings.
Course Objectives
By the end of the course, you will have an understanding of historical interactions between Asia
and the United States and the enduring legacies of that contact; tools with which to engage in
critical and substantive conversations about history, race, gender, and memory; the ability to
raise tough questions and provide nuanced answers; and familiarity with finding and utilizing
primary and secondary sources to craft original research projects.
Class Schedule
Week 1 (1/12, 1/14) – Trade and Diplomacy 1: Introduction and Gunboat Diplomacy
Summary: Geography and basics. New England traders, Commodore Perry, The Iwakura
Mission, Anson Burlingame, and unequal treaties. Political history to 1898.
Questions: What defined early interactions? Were relations respectful? Did traders have different
goals and biases than diplomats and policy-makers?
1
Read: Forbes, Reminiscences, 141-154; Kume, The Iwakura, 168-179; Burlingame, Banquet, 819; (opt) Morrison, “Robert Bennet Forbes,” 194-230.
Assignments: Geography Quiz (1/14)
Week 2 (1/19, 1/21) – Empire and Conflict 1: The Birth of America’s Overseas Empire
Summary: The Taiping Rebellion, Meiji Restoration, Boxer Rebellion, Open Door Policy,
Philippine-American War, and Wilsonianism.
Questions: Why did the US become an imperial power? How did Asians work with and resist
America’s policies? Was American and Japanese imperialism different from European?
Read: Liang, “Power and Threat,” 81-96; Mojares, “Decade,” 130-136; McCoy, “Policing the
Imperial Periphery,” 106-115; (opt) Department of State, Papers Relating to the FRUS, 128-135.
Assignments: Response Paper #1 (1/21)
Week 3 (1/26, 1/28) – Migration and Movement 1: Coolies and the Beginning of Gatekeeping
Summary: The Gold Rush, Burlingame Treaty, restriction and exclusion, Yellow Peril, the
Gentleman’s Agreement, and Hawai’i. Americans in treaty-port Asia.
Questions: Why did Asians chose to migrate to the United States, and why did Americans
migrate to Asia? What challenges did they face? How did exclusion shape demographics in
Asian communities in the US? How were San Francisco, Yokohama, and Shanghai connected?
Read: Snow, “The Americans,” 437-445; Lew-Williams, “Before Restriction,” 24-56;
Wilkinson, “Shanghai American,” 211-230; (opt) Sinn, “Bound for California,” 219-264.
Assignments: Debate #1: Exclusion (1/28), Response Paper #2 (1/28)
Week 4 (2/2, 2/4) – Race and Gender 1: The St. Louis Expo and Scientific Imperialism
Summary: Civilizing Mission, Social Darwinism, phrenology, physiognomy, the St. Louis
Exposition, scientific racism, and Orientalism. American Geographical Society, forestry,
mapping, and Progressive-Era modernity.
Questions: How did attitudes toward race change over time? How did race, gender, science, and
modernity intersect? Was the Philippines a “colonial crucible?” Did science justify imperialism?
Read: Lowenstein, Official Guide, 117-122; Kang, Ta T’ung Shu, 140-148; Racelis, “Forestry
Education,” 455-461; Bankoff, “Conservation and Colonialism,” 479-488; (opt) Kramer,
“Making Concessions,” 75-114; (opt) Stross, The Stubborn Earth, 67-92.
Assignments: Proposal Research Project (2/4), Response Paper #3 (2/4)
Week 5 (2/9, 2/11) – Religion and Soft Power 1: Christianity and Philanthropy
Summary: Early Protestant missionaries, the YMCA, Rockefeller Foundation, Peking Medical
Union, Red Cross, and other international organizations.
Questions: How did Asians adopt and adapt philanthropic and evangelical missions? Why did
American missionaries volunteer in Asia? How did personal goals coincide with national?
Read: Park, Opinions of over 100 Physicians, 1-9 and 69-74; Spence, “Edward Hume,” 164-185;
Davidann, “Japanese YMCA,” 255-276; (opt) Chiang, “The Rockefeller Foundation,” 222-255.
Assignments: Response Paper #4 (2/11)
Week 6 (2/16, 2/18) – Migration and Movement 2: Student and Educational Exchanges
Summary: The Boxer Indemnity, Pensionado system, Student Volunteer Movement. Philippine
vocational education system. American schools in Asia.
Questions: What motivations did educators and administrators have? Why did Asians want to
study in the US? How did Americans and Japanese compete for students? What types of transimperial connections did education create?
2
Read: Inoue, “A Japanese Student’s,” 194-200; Huang, “Report of an Investigation,” 99-105;
Lim, “The Adventures of Chinese Students,” 29-32; Kramer, “Is the World,” 775-806; (opt)
Constantino, “The Miseducation,” 39-65.
Assignments: Biography Project (2/18), Response Paper #5 (2/18)
Week 7 (2/23, 2/25) – Race and Gender 2: Margaret Sanger, Sanitation, and Law
Summary: Eugenics, sanitation, public health, law codes, medicine, marriage, and modernity.
Questions: How did Americans use public health and modern medicine to justify imperial
incursions? How did Asians respond to epidemics?
Read: Sanger, An Autobiography, 316-348; Greene, “Response for the China Medical Board,”
52-56; Chen, “Medicine as a Life Work,” 1-8; Ileto, “Cholera and the Origins,” 125-148; (opt)
Bullock, “A John Hopkins for China,” 24-47.
Assignments: Biography Project Feedback (2/25), Response Paper #6 (2/25)
Week 10 (3/1, 3/3) – Empire and Conflict 2: World War II
Summary: The Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan’s Southern Strategy, America in the Pacific,
the Bomb, the Tokyo Trials. Propaganda, Dr. Suess, “War without Mercy.”
Questions: Was this an imperial war? Was Japan just another imperial power in Asia? Why did
the US drop the bomb? Was it justified? Were the Tokyo Trials successful?
Read: “Japanese Blueprint,” 219-223; Hersey, “Hiroshima;” (opt) Dower, War without Mercy,
234-261.
Assignments: Debate #2: The Bomb (3/3), Response Paper #7 (3/3)
Week 9 (3/7, 3/9) – Spring Break!!!
Week 10 (3/15, 3/17) – Religion and Soft Power 2: Jazz, K-Pop, and Nintendo
Summary: Jazz in Asia. Hollywood, Coca Cola, and international branding. Anime, Ganga, KPop, Nintendo, Kung Fu flicks, and soft power.
Questions: Is soft power important? How do we measure its impact? What is corporate
imperialism? What types of trans-imperial connections did music create?
Read: Clayton, Buck Clayton, 60-78; Atkins, “Jammin’ on the Jazz Frontier,” 6-15; Choe,
“Bringing K-Pop;” Ryan, “Mario’s Artist,” 19-32; (opt) Keppy, “Southeast Asia in the Age of
Jazz,” 444-464.
Assignments: Rough Draft Research Project (3/3)
Week 11 (3/22, 3/24) – Migration and Movement/Race and Gender 3: Angel Island to the Model
Minority
Summary: Angel Island, anti-miscegenation laws, and court cases. World War II, internment,
and the end of exclusion. The Immigration Act, the so-called model minority, and the AsianAmerican experience.
Questions: How did race impact migration policies? How did conflict and the Civil Rights
Movement change these policies? What challenges exist for Asian Americans moving forward?
Read: Lai, Lim, and Yung, “The Detainment,” 52-71; Lange, “The Roundup,” 111-132; Lee, The
Making of Asian America, 252-282; (opt) Ngai, “From Colonial Subject,” 96-126.
Assignments: Response Paper #8 (3/24)
Week 12 (3/29, 3/31) – Trade and Diplomacy 2: The Cold War and Lost Chances
Summary: US, China, Korea, and Vietnam. The Chinese Civil War, Korean-American War,
Vietnam War, Khmer Rouge, and Cold War.
3
Questions: What was the “lost chance?” Was it a “myth?” How did the Civil Rights Movement
and changing ideas regarding race impact the Cold War in the Pacific?
Read: Truman, “Instructions to General Marshall,” 224-227; Cohen, “Symposium,” 71-75; Chen,
“The Myth of America’s ‘Lost Chance,’” 77-86; Garver, “Little Chance,” 87-94.
Assignments: Debate #3: Lost Chance (3/31), Response Paper #9 (3/31)
Week 13 (4/5, 4/7) – Religion and Soft Power 3: The Meaning of Victory
Summary: YMCA to Yao Ming. Springfield College, international sports competitions and
friendlies, professional athletic exchanges, and international superstars.
Questions: How were sports and politics related? What did it mean to win? How did sports
challenge discourses on gender and race?
Read: Hoh, “Constitution of the FEAA,” 97-102; Whiting, You Gotta have Wa, 78-110;
Longman, “Yao’s Success;” (opt) Franks, The Barnstorming Hawaiian Travelers, 64-93.
Assignments: Response Paper #10 (4/7)
Week 14 (4/12, 4/14) – Empire and Conflict 3: Questioning Empire
Summary: The Anti-Imperialist League, Eugene Debs, the Counter Culture and Vietnam War
Protests, and Iraq and Afghanistan.
Questions: How did empire impact America’s image abroad? Why did people oppose empire?
How did Asians negotiate American and Chinese Cold War policies?
Read: Twain, “To the Person,” 457-473; King Jr., “Declaration of Independence,” 100-110;
Ileto, “Philippine Wars,” 215-235; (opt) Johnson, Blowback, ix-xxii.
Assignments: Final Draft Research Project (4/14)
Week 15 (4/19, 4/21) – Trade and Diplomacy 3: Pivot to Asia
Summary: Asia and America in the present and future. Island disputes, ASEAN, trade disputes
and agreements, Obama’s pivot to Asia.
Questions: Relationship status: it’s complicated? Is this the dawn of a Pacific century?
Read: Xu, Chinese and Americans, 259-266; *One recent news article regarding US-Asia
relations.
Assignments: Research Presentations (4/21); Response Paper #11 (4/21)
Grading and Assignment Descriptions
Your grade will be tallied as follows: 20% Attendance and Participation, 25% Geography Quiz
and Response Papers (best ten), 15% Biography Project, 15% Debates, and 25% Research
Paper.
Attendance and Participation (20%): You are permitted to miss two classes without directly
impacting your participation grade (with the exception of religious or extracurricular absences,
which will count as excused absences). These absences are to account for intangibles such as
sickness or family emergencies, not a pass to take a day off. Each absence beyond the second
will result in a 10% deduction from your overall attendance and participation grade, i.e., a 90%
would become an 80%. Participation is a pivotal part of your grade; you are required to read all
assigned readings, bring those readings to class on discussion days, and contribute to discussions.
A high participation grade requires critical thinking, ample pre-class preparation, and consistent
in-class participation. Furthermore, I ask that students take turns guiding discussion sessions; I
will pass around a sign-up sheet the first week of class to select discussion leaders. For a detailed
description of how I tally your participation grade, see Appendix B. Please email me at any time
for an update on your attendance and participation grade.
4
Geography Quiz and Response Papers (25%): There will be a total of eleven response papers
(300-500 words) and one geography quiz. The geography quiz, which will be administered on
the second day of class, will test your knowledge of major cities, countries, and physical features
in the United States and Asia. The response papers will ask you to reflect on the readings and
answer question prompts found on the assignment upload page. Please list several of your own
discussion questions at the bottom of your responses. Response papers are testing grounds to
flesh out ideas and practice crafting theses. You must upload the response papers to TurnItIn on
Moodle before 7:00AM on the day they are due (Thursday). I will drop the two lowest grades
from this category (keep best ten). For a full bibliography of assigned readings, see Appendix A.
Biography Project (15%): The biography project requires you to discuss a topic regarding transPacific interaction by figuratively following in the footsteps of a historical figure who traveled
from Asia to the United States or the United States to Asia. You will be tasked with creating an
audio-visual presentation (3-4 minute video or 4-6 minute audio) that you will upload to the class
website. You should consult at least two primary or secondary sources for this assignment. I will
provide a guide to making the projects in class, but if you would like to get a head start, I suggest
using Audacity for audio projects and Powerpoint or Windows Movie Maker for video projects.
Youtube has excellent tutorials for creating these types of presentations. In addition to
completing your presentation, you will be asked to provide feedback (100 words each) on four of
your peer’s projects. Please be respectful, constructive, and positive with your feedback. The
project is due on February 18 (2/18, 7:00AM), and feedback is due on February 25 (2/25,
7:00AM). For project ideas, see Appendix C.
Debates (15%): On the first day of class you will be assigned to groups for one of the three
debates. As a group you will be tasked with coordinating research and preparing talking points.
Groups must elect a leader who will delegate tasks and organize meetings. Each group member
will draft a two-page written statement exploring various aspects of the debate, and prepare notes
and statistics for the rebuttal section. Try to coordinate research to avoid overlap. In lieu of the
two-page statement, the group leader will prepare a one page introduction. Written statements
should incorporate primary and secondary sources relevant to your position; citing an
authoritative voice is a powerful asset in a debate. During the debate itself, group members will
take turns reading their statements. After each reading, there will be an opportunity for rebuttal
and discussion. Debate observers should take notes and raise questions for either side. At the end
of the debate we will have a poll of the observers to decide the winner. The debates will be held
on January 28 (1/28), March 3 (3/3), and March 31 (3/31).
Research Paper (25%): Choose one avenue of Asian-American interaction that we have
discussed (e.g. steamships, sports, proselytization, migration, study abroad, etc.), or another of
your choosing after consultation with the professor, and prepare a short research paper (7-10
pages) on how that avenue of interaction impacted or influenced people and institutions on both
sides of the Pacific. Focus on both physical movements and the flows of discourses and ideas. In
addition to material that you read for class, you are expected to incorporate at least 2 secondary
source monographs (3 scholarly articles from a peer reviewed journal may be substituted for one
monograph) and 3 primary sources of any length. You are responsible for a research proposal (1
page, 10%, due 2/4), research draft (5 pages, 10%, due 3/18), final paper (7-10 pages, 70%, due
4/8, 11:59PM), and informal presentation (5 minutes, 10%, 4/21). For project ideas, see
Appendix D.
Courtesy
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Our class is a judgement-free zone. Differences in opinions are valuable and encouraged, but
please refrain from personal attacks, especially those regarding religious or personal beliefs. In
class everyone should abide by the rules of common courtesy when it comes to disruptive
bathroom breaks, texting, or using phones during class, i.e., refrain from doing so unless
instructed otherwise. Respect your classmates and yourself. Thank you. For clarification on
anything you find in the syllabus please contact the professor.
*** This syllabus is the intellectual property of the instructor, Phillip Guingona, any
unauthorized reproduction is forbidden.
Appendix A: Sources Available for Download on Blackboard
Atkins, E. Taylor. “Jammin’ on the Jazz Frontier: The Japanese Jazz Community in Interwar
Shanghai.” Japanese Studies 19, no. 1 (1999): 5-16.
Bankoff, Greg. “Conservation and Colonialism: Gifford Pinchot and the Birth of Tropical
Forestry in the Philippines.” In Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern
American State, edited by Alfred W. McCoy and Francisco A. Scarano, 479-488. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 2009.
Burlingame, Anson. Banquet to His Excellency Anson Burlingame: and his Associates of the
Chinese Embassy: by the Citizens of New York, on Tuesday, June 23, 1868, 8-19. New York:
Sun Book and Job Print, 1868.
Bullock, Mary. “’A Johns Hopkins for China.’” In An American Transplant: The Rockefeller
Foundation and Peking Union Medical College, 24-47. Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1980.
Chen Jian. “The Myth of America’s ‘Lost Chance’ in China: A Chinese Perspective in Light of
New Evidence.” Diplomatic History 21, No. 1 (1997): 77-86.
Chen Pao-Shu. “Medicine as a Life Work.” Health 2, no. 2 (June 1925): 1-8.
Chiang, Yung-Chen. “The Rockefeller Foundation and Chinese Academic Enterprise.” In Social
Engineering and the Social Sciences in China, 1919-1949, 222-255. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Choe Sang-hun. “Bringing K-Pop to the West.” New York Times, March 4, 2012.
Clayton, Buck. Buck Clayton’s Jazz World, 60-78. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Cohen, Warren I. “Symposium: Rethinking the Lost Chance in China.” Diplomatic History 21,
No. 1 (1997): 71-75.
Constantino, Renato. “The Mis-Education of the Philippino.” In Filipinos in the Philippines and
Other Essays, 39-65. Quezon City: Filipino Signatures, 1966.
Davidann, Jon. “Japanese YMCA Cultural Imperialism in Korea and Manchuria after the RussoJapanese War.” The Journal of American-East Asian Relations 5, no. 3/4 (1996): 255-276.
Dower, John. War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War, 234-261. New York:
Pantheon Books, 1993.
Forbes, Robert E. Personal Reminiscences, 2nd edition, 141-154. Boston: Little, Brown, and
Company, 1882.
Franks, Joel S. The Barnstorming Hawaiian Travelers: A Multiethnic Baseball Team Tours the
Mainland, 1912-1916, 64-93. Jefferson, McFarland & Company, 2012.
Garver, John W. “Little Chance: Revolutions and Ideologies.” Diplomatic History 21, No. 1
(1997): 87-94.
6
Greene, Roger. “Response for the China Medical Board.” In Addresses and Papers, Dedication
Ceremonies and Medical Conference, Peking Union Medical College, September 15-22,
1921, 52-56. Concord: Rumford Press, 1922.
Hersey, John. “Hiroshima.” New Yorker, August 31, 1946. Accessed May 10, 2016.
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima.
Hoh, Gunsun. “Constitution of the Far Eastern Athletic Association.” In Physical Education in
China, 97-102. Shanghai: The Commercial Press, 1926.
Huang Yanpei. “Report of an Investigation of American Education.” In Land without Ghosts:
Chinese Impressions of America from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present, edited by
R. David Arkush and Leo O. Lee, 99-105. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Philippine Wars and the Politics of Memory.” Positions: East Asia Cultures
Critique 13, no. 1 (2005): 215-235.
Ileto, Reynaldo C. “Cholera and the Origins of the American Sanitary Order in the Philippines.”
In Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies, edited by David Arnold, 125-148. New
York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.
Inoue Ryokichi. “A Japanese Student’s Views of the United States.” In The Japanese Discovery
of America: A Brief History with Documents, edited by Peter Duus, 194-200. Boston, New
York: Bedford/St. Martins, 1997.
“The Japanese Blueprint for Southeast Asia.” In The World of Southeast Asia: Selected
Historical Readings, edited by Harry J. Benda and John A. Larkin, 219-223. New York:
Harper & Row Publishers, 1967.
Johnson, Chalmers. Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, ix-xxii. New
York: Metropolitan Books, 2004.
Kalaw, Teodoro M. “The ‘Occidental Way’.” In Spiritual Register: The News Columns of
Teodoro M. Kalaw in La Vanguardia, 1926-1927, translated by Nick Joaquin, 46-47. Pasig
City: Anvil Publishing, 2001.
K’ang, Yu-Wei (Kang Youwei). Ta T’ung Shu. New York: Routledge, 1958.
Keppy, Peter. “Southeast Asia in the Age of Jazz: Locating Popular Culture in the Colonial
Philippines and Indonesia.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 44, no. 3 (2013): 444-464.
King Jr., Martin Luther. “Declaration of Independence from the War in Vietnam.” In Against the
Vietnam War: Writings by Activists, edited by Mary Susannah Robbins, 100-110. Syracuse:
Syracuse University Press, 1999
Kramer, Paul. “Is the World Our Campus? International Students and U.S. Global Power in the
Long Twentieth Century.” Diplomatic History 33, no. 5 (2009): 775-806.
Kramer, Paul. “Making Concessions: Race and Empire Revisited at the Philippine Exposition,
St. Louis, 1901-1905.” Radical History Review 73 (1999): 75-114.
Kume Kunitake. “Report of the Iwakura Mission.” In The Japanese Discovery of America: A
Brief History with Documents, edited by Peter Duus, 168-179. Boston, New York:
Bedford/St. Martins, 1997.
Lai, Him Mark, Genny Lim, and Judy Yung. “The Detainment.” In Island: Poetry and History of
Chinese Immigrants on Angel Island, 1910-1940, 52-71. Seattle: University of Washington
Press, 1991.
Lange, Dorothea. “The Roundup.” In Impounded: Dorothea Lange and the Censored Images of
Japanese American Internment, edited by Linda Gordon and Gary Y. Okihiro, 111-132. New
York: W.W. Norton, 2006.
Lee, Erika. The Making of Asian America: A History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.
7
Lew-Williams, Beth. “Before Restriction Became Exclusion: America’s Experiment in
Diplomatic Immigration Control.” Pacific Historical Review 83, no. 1 (February 2014): 2456.
Liang Qichao. “The Power and Threat of America.” In Land without Ghosts: Chinese
Impressions of America from the Mid-nineteenth Century to the Present, edited by R. David
Arkush and Leo Ou-fan Lee, 81-96. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Lim, Edward C. “The Adventures of Chinese Students in the Philippines,” Sino-Philippine
Research Journal 1, no. 1 (1940): 29-32.
Longman, Jere. “Yao’s Success Speeds N.B.A.’s Plans for China: Rockets’ Rookie Center
Lights up His Homeland.” New York Times, December 15, 2002.
Lowenstein, M.J. Official Guide to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 117-122. St. Louis: The
Official Guide Co., 1904.
McCoy, Alfred W. “Policing the Imperial Periphery: Philippines Pacification and the Rise of the
U.S. National Security State.” In Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern
American State, edited by Alfred W. McCoy and Francisco A. Scarano, 106-115. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 2009.
Mojares, Resil B. “Decade of Death.” In The War against the Americans: Resistance and
Collaboration in Cebu, 1899-1906, 130-136. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press,
1999.
Morrison, Dane A. “Robert Bennet Forbes and the First Opium war, 1838-1840.” In True
Yankees: The South Seas & The Discovery of American Identity, 194-230. Baltimore: John
Hopkins University Press, 2014.
Ngai, Mae. “From Colonial Subject to Undesirable Alien: Filipino Migration in the Invisible
Empire.” In Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 96-126.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
Park, William Hector, ed., Opinions of Over 100 Physicians on the Use of Opium in China, 1-9
and 69-74. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1899.
Racelis, Antonio P. “Forestry Education in the Philippines.” Journal of forestry 31 (1933): 455461.
Ryan, Jeff. “Mario’s Artist: Shigeru Miyamoto and the Creation of Donkey Kong.” In Super
Mario: How Nintendo Conquered America, 19-32. New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2012.
Sanger, Margaret. Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography, 316-348. New York: W.W. Norton &
Company, 1938.
Sinn, Elizabeth. “Bound for California: The Emigration of Chinese Women.” In Pacific
Crossing: California Gold, Chinese Migration, and the Making of Hong Kong, 219-264.
Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2012.
Snow, Edgar. “The Americans in Shanghai.” American Mercury 20 (August 1930): 437-445.
Spence, Jonothan. “Edward Hume.” In To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 16201960, 164-185. Boston: Little & Brown, 1969.
Stross, Randall E. “Zeal: Joseph Bailie’s Secular Crusades, 1910s.” In The Stubborn Earth:
American Agriculturalists on Chinese Soil, 1898-1937, 67-92. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1989.
Truman, Harry. “President Truman’s Instructions to General Marshall.” In Sources in Modern
East Asian History and Politics, edited by Theodore McNelly, 224-227. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts: 1967.
8
Twain, Mark. “To the Person Sitting in Darkness.” In Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, &
Essays, 457-473. New York: Library of America, 1992.
United States Department of State. Papers relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States,
with the Annual Message of the President Transmitted to Congress December 5, 1899.
Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1899.
Whiting, Robert. “You Gotta Have Wa.” In You Gotta Have Wa, 78-110. New York: Macmillan,
1989.
Wilkinson, Mark. “Shanghai American Community, 1937-1949.” In New Frontiers:
Imperialism’s New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1953, edited by Robert Bickers and
Christian Henriot, 211-230. New York: Manchest University Press, 2000.
Xu Guoqi, “Conclusion,” In Chinese and Americans: A Shared History, 259-266. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 2014.
Appendix B: Participation Grade Outline
Your attendance and participation grade (20% of overall grade) will be based on your active
participation in weekly discussions. At the end of each discussion class I will give you one of the
following marks: excellent, good, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory. A “satisfactory” grade will be
assigned to students who are present, engaged, and cooperative in group assignments. A
“good” grade will be awarded for being present, showing you have read and reviewed the
material, engaging in the discussion, and sharing your thoughts (1 or 2 comments). An
“excellent” score signifies active participation in discussions (3 or more comments) and firm
command of assigned material. An “unsatisfactory” grade will be assigned disruptive behavior:
texting, disruptions, distractions, tardiness, non-participation, or general lack of respect for
your peers and the classroom. You are permitted to miss two classes without directly impacting
your attendance and participation grade (with the exception of religious or extracurricular
absences). Each absence beyond the second will result in a 10% deduction from your overall
attendance and participation grade, i.e., a 90% would become an 80%.
For number crunchers, your participation grade will be tallied as follows: “excellent” = 3
points, “good” = 2 points, “satisfactory” = 1 point, and “unsatisfactory”/absence = 0 points. I
drop your two lowest grades. See the chart below for more details. I encourage everyone to ask
for participation updates throughout the semester.
36-34 points
33-32 points
31-29 points
28-26 points
25-23 points
22-21 points
20-19 points
18-16 points
15-13 points
12-10 points
9-0 points
100%
95%
89%
85%
82%
79%
75%
72%
65%
50%
0%
Appendix C: Biography Assignment Database
Video and Audio Creation Links
Powerpoint to video instruction site: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Turn-yourpresentation-into-a-video-c140551f-cb37-4818-b5d4-3e30815c3e83
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Windows Movie Maker: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/movie-maker
Audacity: http://www.audacityteam.org/
Biography Inspiration List
* This is not a comprehensive list. It is only designed to give you ideas.
Athletes and Actors
Glenn Cowan – American ping pong player of ping-pong diplomacy fame
Bruce Lee – Hong Kong-born American Kung Fu film actor
Ma Yuehan – important physical educator from China, professor of sports at Tsinghua
Harold McCloy – YMCA director and sports instructor
Yao Ming – hall of fame former NBA player
Manny Pacquiao – boxing sensation from the Philippines
Ichiro Suzuki – ageless Japanese baseball player
Regino Ylanan – Filipino athlete and physical educator
Zhuang Zedong – Chinese ping pong player of ping-pong diplomacy fame
Diplomats and Politicians
Anson Burlingame – Civil War-era legislator and diplomat who represented China
Stirling Fessenden – American lawyer and chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council
Iwakura Tomomi – Member of the Meiji government and leader of the Iwakura Mission
Hilario Moncado – Filipino man of interest and leader of the Filipino Crusaders
Komura Jutaro – Meiji diplomat who and Harvard graduate, negotiated Treaty Portsmouth
Dalai Lama (14th) – spiritual and political leader of Tibet who traveled to US
Ngo Dinh Diem – President of the Republic of Vietnam who lived in exile in the US
Saburo Kurusu – Japanese diplomat who negotiated with the US before WWII
Soong Mei-ling – first lady of the Republic of China, gave speech in US during WWII
Soong Qing-ling – a leader of the 1911 Chinese revolution, wife of Sun Yatsen
Sun Yatsen – “father” of revolutionary China
Journalists and Authors
Pearl Buck – American writer and feminist who traveled in China
Thomas Millard – American journalist and editor of Millard’s Review in Shanghai
Carlos P. Romulo – Pulitzer Prize winning Filipino journalist and President of UN
Agnes Smedley – American journalist and radical sympathetic to Chinese communists
Edgar Snow – American journalist and radical who was acquaintances with Mao Zedong
Zhang Ailing – Famous Chinese author who taught at USC
Military
Gregory “Pappy” Boyington – American pilot of Flying Tigers’ fame
Isoroku Yamamoto – Japanese Admiral during WWII, studied at Harvard
Arthur MacArthur – American general and first military general in the Philippines
Douglas MacArthur – American five star general who oversaw the Pacific theater in WWII
Matthew Perry – American navy commodore who opened Japan with his black ships
Missionaries
Reverend Joseph Bailie – Protestant missionary and instructor at the University of Nanking
John R. Mott – long-time leader of YMCA and Student Volunteer Movement
Peter Parker – Spiderman… just joking, early American medical missionary to China
John Leighton Stewart – American missionary educator, President Yanjing University, diplomat
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Philanthropists
Edward Carter – director of the Institute of Pacific Relations
John D. Rockefeller Jr. – American philanthropist and director of the Rockefeller Foundation
Students and Educators
Encarnacion A. Alzona – important Filipino historian and feminist
H. Otley Beyer – American anthropologist and professor at the University of the Philippines
John Dewey – famous American educator, philosopher, and psychologist
Ge Kunhua – first Chinese language instructor at Harvard University
Frank Goodnow – American educator who became an advisor to Yan Shikai
Edward Hume – American Dean of Yale-in-China Medical College in Hunan
Hu Shi – Cornell graduate and famous liberal from China
Yung Wing – Yale graduate who led the Chinese Educational Mission
Traders and Merchants
Nathaniel Bowditch – American scientist and navigator who wrote about Asia
Robert Dollar – American industrialist and founder of the Presidential Liners
Robert Bennet Forbes – Opium War-era American trader
Robin Li – Contemporary Chinese businessman and owner of Baidu
Liu Hongsheng – Leader of the Liu clan, wealthy Shanghai merchant
James A. Thomas – American merchant and CEO of the British-American Tobacco Company
Traveler
Buck Clayton – American jazz musician who played in Shanghai
Langston Hughes – Harlem Renaissance poet who traveled throughout Asia
Harriett Low – American who traveled to Manila and Macau in the 1820s and 1830s
Margaret Sanger – American birth control advocate who gave speeches in China and Japan
Shidzue Kato – Japanese feminist and birth control advocate who traveled to the US
Frederick Townsend Ward – American mercenary who fought in the Taiping Rebellion
José Rizal – Filipino polymath, author, and national hero who traveled to the US
Appendix D: Research Paper Ideas
Research Notes
There are many topics to choose from. Start with something that appeals to you, and do not
hesitate to contact the professor for ideas. To find relevant books and articles on your topic,
search the library website. In addition, run searches on scholar.google.com and
books.google.com—two databases that can search article titles, authors, as well as content. Try
diversifying search terms to improve your chances. Specific names in combination with the
general topic often results in more relevant hits. Below you will find a list of online databases;
taking a quick glance will also give you some ideas for a topic.
Online Primary Source Databases
Books/Periodicals
China and the United States: From Hostility to Engagement, 1960-1998:
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nsa/publications/china-us/
Chinese Educational Mission Connections: http://www.cemconnections.org/
The Chinese Students’ Monthly (Hathi Trust): http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007918483
Cornell East Asia Series: http://ceas.library.cornell.edu/c/ceas/browse.php
Cornell Southeast Asia Vision: http://seasiavisions.library.cornell.edu/
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Hawai’i Digital Collections: http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu/research/digicoll.html
LOC Digital Collections: http://www.loc.gov/library/libarch-digital.html
Millard’s Review (Hathi Trust): http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009014072
The National Security Archive (George Washington U):
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/index.html
Pacific Affairs (through JSTOR): http://www.pacificaffairs.ubc.ca/archive/
Tales of Old China: http://www.talesofoldchina.com/
The United States and its Territories: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/
Wilson Center Digital Archive: http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/
Images and Video
Virtual Shanghai: http://www.virtualshanghai.net/
MIT Visualizing Cultures: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/home/index.html
Ohio State’s Allied Occupation of Japan Collection: https://library.osu.edu/projects/bennettin-japan/about.html
Wisconsin China in the 1930s Collection: http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/EastAsian
Wisconsin S and SE Asia Video Archive: http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/SEAvideo
Edwards Bangs Collection (Harvard):
http://hcl.harvard.edu/collections/digital_collections/edward_bangs_drew.cfm
Images of Colonialism Collection (Harvard):
http://hcl.harvard.edu/collections/digital_collections/colonialism.cfm
Sidney D. Gamble Photographs: http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/gamble/
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