Name : _______________________(
)
4551/2
Class : S5___
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
September 2012
2 ½ hours
SMJK PEREMPUAN CHINA PULAU PINANG
TRIAL EXAM
2012
BIOLOGY PAPER 2
2 HOUR 30 MINUTES
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL INSTRUCTED
1. This question booklet consists
of two sections:
Section A and Section B
2. Answer all questions. Write
your answers for Section A in
the spaces provided in this
question booklet.
3. Write your answers for Section
B on the given lined paper.
4. The diagrams in the question
are not drawn to scale unless
stated.
5. If you wish to change your
answer, cross out the wrong
answer and write
down your new answer.
Section
Total
Marks
1
12
2
12
3
A
4
5
B
Total
Marks
obtained
12
12
12
6
20
7
20
8
20
9
20
100
This booklet consists of 16 printed pages.
1
Section A
[ 60 marks ]
Answer all questions in this section.
1.
Diagram 1.1 shows stages A and stage B drawn from photomicrographs of mitosis
in the root tip of a dicotyledonous plants.
X
A
Diagram 1.1
B
(a) Name the stage of mitosis in A and B.
(i) A.
_________________________________________________________
(ii) B.
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
(b) (i) What is the diploid number of this dicotyledonous plants?
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Explain your answers in 1(b) (i).
_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
2
(c)
How do the chromosomes arrange themselves before they separate to
move to the opposite poles?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
(d) (i) What is structure X in Diagram 1.1 stage B?
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Why is structure X important in the process of cell division?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(e) Name one part of plant, other than root tips where cells undergoing
mitosis could be found.
__________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(f) Diagram 1.2 show an important event that take place during S phase in
cell cycle.
Old strands
New strands

A DNA double helix
Diagram 1.2
(i). Name the event that take place in Diagram 1.2.
_____________________________________________
(ii). State the outcome of this event.
[ 1 mark ]
_____________________________________________
3
[ 1 mark ]
2.
Table 1 shows the recommended daily intakes of energy and nutrients for
different individuals.
Body Weight (kg)
Energy (kJ )
Protein (g)
Vitamin D (µg)
Iron (mg)
Child
( 1 year old)
9.5
3000
20
12
6
Table 1
Individual
Male
adolescent
62.0
12400
80
3.0
12
Female
adolescent
55.0
9300
60
3.0
14
(a) Based on Table 1, explain why the male adolescent requires
(i) only one-fourth of vitamin D required by the child
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) less iron than that required by the female adolescent.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(b) Calculate the daily protein requirement per kg of weight for the
(i) child
______________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) male adolescent
______________________________________________
(c)
[ 1 mark ]
Based on the protein requirements calculated in (b)(i) and (ii), explain
the difference between that required by the child and the male
adolescent.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
4
(d)
For a person who does not take meat, explain why it is necessary for
him to include soya bean in his diet.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
Diagram 2.1 shows a incomplete schematic diagram to represent the
light reaction in photosynthesis.
24 H2O
24 H
Chlorophyll
12 H2O
Diagram 2.1
(e)
(f)
State one main importance of light reaction.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
During the photolysis of water, hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions are
produced. State the use of
(i) hydrogen ions.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
(ii) hydroxyl ions.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5
[ 2 marks ]
3.
Diagram 3.1 shows the respiratory structures structure of an organism.
P
Q
(a)
Diagram 3.1
Which type of organism has the respiratory structure in Diagram 3.1?
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(b)
(i) Name the structures labelled P and Q.
P: ___________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
(ii) What is the function of structure P?
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(c)
Draw arrows (  ) to show the pathway of gaseous exchange in
Diagram 3.1.
[ 1 mark ]
(d)
Explain the breathing mechanism of this organism during inhalation
and exhalation.
(i) Inhalation
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
6
(ii) Exhalation
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
Diagram 3.2 shows structure Q and body cell.
Q
Diagram 3.2
State three adaptations of structure Q.
__________________________________________
____________________________________________
(e) i.
ii. ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________
iii. __________________________________________
____________________________________________
[ 3 marks ]
7
4.
Diagram 4.1 shows the action of node P on human heart.
Diagram 4.1
(a) (i) Name the node P.
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Based on Diagram 4.1, explain the function of node P.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
[ 3 marks ]
(b) State where do the blood that flows blood vessel Q and in blood vessel R
flow to.
(i) blood vessel Q.
______________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) blood vessel R.
______________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
8
(c)
Diagram 4.2(a) shows a healthy coronary artery.
Diagram 4.2(b) shows the coronary artery of a person with
cardiovascular disease. The coronary artery supply blood to heart
muscles.
Thrombus
Diagram 4.2(a)
X
Diagram 4.2(b)
(i) Name deposit X.
___________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Explain how the deposit X and thrombus lead to cardiovascular
disease.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
(iii) Suggest three ways to maintain a healthy heart.
i. _________________________________________
___________________________________________
ii. _________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii. ________________________________________
___________________________________________
[ 3 marks ]
9
5.
The pedigree inheritance of the characteristics, colour blindness in a family
in Diagram 5.1. The characteristic, colour blindness is controlled by a
pair of recessive allele bb that are linked to the sex chromosomes. B is
dominant to b.
Diagram 5.1
(a) Explain briefly the characteristics, colour blindness.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(b) (i) What is genotype of K?
____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) How did you determine the genotype in (b) (i)?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(c)
[ 2 marks ]
(i) State the genotypes and gametes for the parent in the space
provided.
Phenotype :
Female
Colour blind
x
Male
Normal
Genotype:
Gametes :
[ 2 marks ]
10
(ii) If a colour blind male marries the third child in the third
generation, what is the probability of obtaining children that are colour
blind? Explain your answer by drawing a genetic diagram for this
inheritance.
[ 4 marks ]
(d) (i) Besides colour blindness, name another type of sex-linked disease
in humans that is controlled by a recessive alleles.
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) What is the characteristics for the disease given in (d)(i)?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
11
Section B
[ 40 marks ]
Answer any two questions from this section.
6.
Diagram 6.1 shows a defence mechanism in the human body.
Diagram 6.1
(a) (i) Explain how this mechanism works to combat pathogen.
[ 6 marks ]
(ii) Explain what will happen to the immunity of an individual after
he recovers from chickenpox infection.
[ 4 marks ]
(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the human circulatory system.
Diagram 6.2
(i) Human circulatory system consists of circulations R and S.
Describe each circulation.
[ 4 marks ]
(ii) After completing a 10 km run, Ali’s blood pressure increases.
Explain the mechanism involved in regulation of Ali’s blood
pressure.
.
[ 6 marks ]
12
7.
A forest is an example of ecosystem. Diagram 7.1 shows a forest.
Diagram 7.1
(a) Based on Diagram 7.1, what do you understand by the term
ecosystem ? Explain the components of the ecosystem.
[ 4 marks ]
(b) (i) Diagram 7.2 shows one of the food chains in an ecosystem?
Plants
Grasshopper
Frog
Snake
Diagram 7.2
Based on the food chain above, explain how the organisms obtain
energy.
[ 4 marks ]
(ii) Explain the role of plants in the food chain.
[ 2marks ]
(c)
Diagram 7.3 shows the colonization and succession of mangrove plants
in a mangrove swamp.
Diagram 7.3
(i) State the type of mangrove plants and its roots which can be found
in Zones X, Y and Z respectively.
[ 3 marks ]
(ii) Explain the adaptive characteristics of the mangrove plants in
Diagram 7.3 which enable them to survive in the unfavourable
environmental conditions in the mangrove swamp.
[ 7 marks ]
13
8.
Diagram 8.1 shows the negative feedback mechanism that regulates the
blood glucose level in humans
Diagram8.1
(a) Based on Diagram 8.1,
(i) Explain the meaning of negative feedback mechanism.
[ 4 marks ]
(ii) Describe how hormone X and Y regulate the blood glucose level in
humans.
[ 6 marks ]
14
Diagram 8.2 shows some of the factors which regulate the carbon dioxide
content in the body.
Diagram 8.2
(b) During vigorous exercise, increase in respiration leads to a rise in
blood carbon dioxide levels. The structure P increases the breathing
rate in response to this stimulus.
Based on the diagram, explain how the breathing rate takes
place in such situation.
[ 10 marks ]
15
9.
Diagram 9.1 shows a physiological process in humans.
(a)
(b)
Diagram 9.1
Describe the process shown in Diagram 9.1.
[ 4 marks ]
A women faces difficulty in conceiving is injected with hormone X.
Hormone X has similar role as luteinsing hormone (LH),. After the
injection with hormone X, the women becomes pregnant.
Based on the above information, explain how the injection with
hormone X results in pregnancy.
[ 6 marks ]
(c)
Diagram 9.2(a) and 9.2(b) shows the katyotypes of a male and a
female. Number 1 to 22 are the autosomes and the sex chromes are
numbered as 23.
Diagram 9.2(a)
9.2(b)
(i) Explain what is meant by autosomes and sex chromosomes.
[ 2 marks ]
(ii) State how sex chromosome differ from autosomes.
[ 3 marks ]
(iii) Describe how sex is inherited in humans.
[ 5 marks ]
End of question paper
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