Chapter 4 – States of Matter
Section 1 - Matter
Pages 102 - 106
States of Matter
• Matter is anything that takes up space and
has mass.
• All matter is made up of tiny particles that
are in constant motion.
• The strength of the attraction between the
particles determines a material’s state of
matter.
States of Matter
• There are 3 main states of matter:
1)Solids
2)Liquids
3)Gases
• A forth state of matter known as plasma occurs
at extremely hot temperatures.
Examples of Plasma
Examples: Stars, Lightning, Neon Lights,
Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)
Solids
• A solid is matter with a
definite shape and a
definite volume.
• The particles of a solid
are packed closely
together.
• These particles have
little energy and
vibrate in a fixed
position.
Two Types of Solids
1) Crystalline Solids
– Arranged in a repeating,
3-dimensional pattern.
– Have a distinct melting point.
– Examples: Sugar, sand, snow, salt,
salt.
2) Amorphous Solids
– Consist of large particles that are not
arranged in a repeating pattern.
– Do not have a distinct melting point.
– Examples: Rubber, plastic, glass,
butter
Crystal Patterns of Snowflakes
Liquids
• A liquid is matter with a
definite volume but not a
definite shape.
• Liquids take the shape of
the container they occupy.
• The particles in a liquid
move more freely than a
solid.
• The particles have enough
energy to move out of their
fixed positions.
Property of Liquid - Viscosity
• A liquid’s resistance to flow is known as
the liquid’s viscosity.
• Liquids with a high viscosity flow slowly --example: Honey.
• Liquids with a low viscosity flow quickly ---example: Water.
• Viscosity increases as the liquid becomes
colder.
Aa
Pahoehoe
Property of Liquids – Surface Tension
• The uneven forces acting on the particles
on the surface of a liquid are called
surface tension.
• Example –
• Drops on a penny.
Gases
• Gas is matter with no
definite shape and no
definite volume.
• A gas will take the shape
and volume of its
container.
• The particles in a gas are
much farther apart than
a solid or liquid.
• The gas particles have
more energy than solids
or liquids.
States of Matter (Water)
• Solid = Ice
• Liquid = Water
• Gas = Water Vapor