Nationalism
Chapter 12Pg. 240 to the end of the chapter
Nationalism
•  National unity
•  Most impressive by-product of the
war of 1812
Henry Clay
American System
•  Government
program for
economic
improvement
–  Tariff of 1816
–  Second Bank of the
United States
–  National Road
–  Nationalism
manifested in
manufacturing
Tariff of 1816
•  Passed for
protection of Am.
industries (not
revenue)
•  Raised tariffs on
foreign goods by
20%
Second Bank of the U.S.
•  Re-chartered for
20 years
•  Stabilized currency
•  Place to deposit
govt. funds
National Road
•  From Maryland to
Illinois
•  New England was
against-drain the
pop. And create
competing states
•  West part of
country was for the
road
Election of 1816
“Era of Good Feelings”
•  James Monroe
(Rep)
•  Defeated Rufus
King (Fed)
•  This election
marked the end of
the Federalist party
John Quincy Adams
•  Monroe’s Secretary
of State
•  Son of John Adams
Panic of 1819
•  Reason due to
over-speculation in
frontier lands
•  Led to:
– 
– 
– 
– 
Deflation
Bank failures
Unemployment
Debtor’s prisons
Adams-Onis Treaty-1819
Florida Purchase Treaty
•  Spain agreed to cede
FA to U.S.
•  U.S. dropped claims of
$5 million against the
Spanish govt.
•  Formally established
the boundary between
the Louisiana Purchase
and Spanish territory
at the 42nd parallel
Three major sections of
the U.S.- Sectionalism
•  NE- manufacturing
•  South-agricultural
•  Old NW-independent farmers
–  Most nationalistic of the sections
–  No long tradition of states rights
–  Had come to lean on federal govt.
–  Real melting pot
–  Still weak in population and influence
Tallmadge Amendment
•  Passed only by the
House
•  Stipulated that no
more slaves should
be brought into
Missouri
•  Also provided for
the gradual
emancipation of
children born to
slave parents
Missouri Compromise
•  Henry Clay
proposed:
•  MO. Admitted as a
slave state
•  Maine admitted as
a free state
•  Rest of Louisiana
Purchase divided at
36’30’ line
Election 1820
•  James Monroe
elected to a 2nd
term
•  Only president to
be re-elected after
a term in which a
major financial
panic began
John Marshall’s Court
McCulloch V. Maryland
•  MD tried to destroy a
branch of the Bank of
the U.S. by imposing a
tax on its loans
•  The Court under
Marshall slapped at the
states rights when it
denied MD the right to
tax the branch bank
•  Invoked “implied
powers”
Monroe Doctrine
1823
• 
• 
• 
• 
Non-intervention
Non-colonization
Foreign Policy
Publicly warned Old
world powers to
stay away
Monroe Doctrine
•  Greatest significance
lay in the future
•  Strong nationalist
feeling
•  Britain agreed with
U.S.
•  Did not have much
contemporary
significance
•  Some called it the Selfdefense Doctrine
•  Monroe was concerned
with the security of
America
Chapter 13
• Andrew
Jackson
Election of 1824
All Were Republicans
Election of 1824
The Corrupt Bargain
•  Andrew Jackson
–  S.W.
•  John Q. Adams
–  N.E.
•  Henry Clay
–  West
•  William Crawford
–  S.E.
•  Jackson-most
popular/electoral
votes
•  No majority in
Electoral college
•  Vote taken to
House of Rep’s
Election of 1824
Corrupt Bargain
•  Clay eliminated
due to least
amount of votes
•  Crawford has a
stroke
•  Vote goes between
Adams and Jackson
•  Adams wins
•  Adam’s chooses
Clay to be his Sec.
of State
•  Jackson is furious
•  John Calhoun had
appeared on both
the Adams and
Jackson tickets
John Q. Adams
•  Minority President
•  Very successful
Sec. of State
•  Not a successful
President
Republicans
•  DemocraticRepublicans
–  Andrew Jackson
•  Democrats
•  NationalistRepublicans
–  John Q. Adams
•  Whigs
Election 1828
“Going Whole Hog for Jackson”
•  Mudslinging campaign
•  Jackson won quite easily
•  Vice-Pres.-John Calhoun
Old Hickory
King Andrew the First
•  Expanded the right to
vote
•  Electoral college people
chosen by voters
•  Kitchen Cabinet
•  Asserted federal
authority
•  For common man
•  Spoils System
–  1/5 of federal workers
replaced
–  Led to corruption
Tariff of Abominations
1828
•  Tariff raised as
much as 45-50%
higher
•  Southern planters
protested
•  Growing anxiety
about federal
interference
South Carolina Exposition
and Protest
•  Written secretly by
V.P. John Calhoun
•  People of a state
could nullify any
federal law
believed to be
unconstitutional
Webster-Hayne Debate
•  Question?
–  Whether states or
federal government
had the ultimate
authority
•  Webster-”Liberty
and union, now
and forever, one
and inseparable”
Compromise Bill
1833
•  Henry Clay
•  Reduced tariff by
20% over a 9 year
period
King Andrew Vetoes
•  Before Jackson
–  10 vetoes total
•  King Andrew
–  12 vetoes
Jackson vs. Second Bank
of the U.S.
•  Bank was anti-western
•  Bank was profit-not public service
•  Bank represented special privilege
and corruption
•  1832-Congress tried to grant a new
charter-Jackson vetoed the bill
•  Jackson tried to kill the bank
financially
•  By 1840 it was out of business
Trail of Tears
Removal Act of 1830
•  Jackson’s policy
•  Whites wanted the
land
•  Forcibly moved to
the west of the
Miss. River
•  Thousands died
Party Platforms
•  Election 1832-first time for party
platforms
•  Platform-declaration of principles and
programs
Election 1832
•  Andrew Jackson
•  Dem- Rep
Henry Clay
National-Rep
Bank was the main issue
3rd party candidate- Anti-Masonic party
Jackson won
Whigs
National Republicans
•  Named after British Whigs opposed
to King George III
•  Were against “King Andrew I”
Election 1836
•  Martin VanBuren
(Dem)
•  VanBuren won!
•  William Henry
Harrison (Whig)
Panic 1837
•  Roots in land
speculation
•  No national bank
•  State banks
flooded market
without hard
currency to back it
Spanish Missions
•  Missions claimed
almost all of the land in
CA.
•  Friars provided
Christianity, food,
shelter etc. to Indians
•  1833- Secularization
Act-passed by MexicoOpened church lands
to Mexican settlement
Stephen Austin
•  Founded the first
colony in Texas
General
Antonio de Santa Anna
•  Dictator of Mexico
•  Military rule
•  Abolished Mexican
Constitution and
legislature
Sam Houston
•  Commander of
Texas forces
•  Declaration of
Causes (1835):
–  Reasons to take up
arms against Mexico
Remember the Alamo
March 1836
•  200 Americans
•  4,000 Mexicans
•  All of the
Americans killed
•  William Travis
–  Am. Commander
San Jacinto River
•  April 1836
•  Mexicans outnumbered Americans by
2 to 1
•  Caught Mexicans by surprise
•  Captured Santa Anna
•  Made him sign two treaties:
–  Gave Texas Independence
–  Set Rio Grande as southern boundary
Sam Houston
•  First President of
the independent
republic of Texas
•  Texas wanted to
join the U.S.
•  U.S.
–  Pro- land
–  Con- war with
Mexico
Election 1840
“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”
Martin VanBuren
Democrat
Wm. Henry Harrison
Whig - Winner!
VP- John Tyler
Election 1840
•  Dramatic change resulting from this
election was the formation of a twoparty system
–  Democrats and Whigs
•  Harrison dies from pneumonia 1
month into office
•  Tyler first person to succeed to
Presidency