Increasing the Multiplexing of Protein Quantitation from 6- to 10-Plex with Reporter Ion Isotopologues Rosa Viner,1 Ryan Bomgarden, 2 Michael Blank,1 John Rogers2 1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA; 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA Overview Purpose: To develop Tandem Mass Tag™ (TMT™) 10-plex reagents by combining current Thermo Scientific™ TMTsixplex™ reagents with four TMT6 reagent isotope variants on multiple high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms. Methods: HeLa cell lysates and bovine serum albumin (BSA) digests were labeled with Thermo Scientific™ TMT10plex™ reagents. Aliquots from six, eight or all ten channels were mixed in different ratios and analyzed on three different Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap™-based instruments. Results: We have extended the multiplexing capabilities of TMT reagents from 6 to 10 without increasing the size or structure of the tag by utilizing the 6 mDa mass difference between 13C and 15N isotopes of the mass tag reporter ions. Mass spectrometry analysis on three different Orbitrap-based instruments using FT MS2/MS3 shows no negative effect on the number of protein identifications or quality of quantification in a complex digest by increasing sample multiplexing from 6 to 10. Results Comparison of unlabeled to TMT6-, We have extended the previously repo for multiplex peptide quantitation witho the tag (Figure 1). The TMT10plex rea between 13C and 15N isotopes which a order to accurately quantify all ten cha resolved. We determined the minimum MSn resolution to be 35K at m/z 200 ( resolution, an accurate ratio calculatio a mass tolerance window of up to 10 p FIGURE 1. Thermo Scientific TMT10 mass for TMT6plex tags (blue), TMT TMT10-12 Introduction Amine-reactive isobaric tags (TMT or iTRAQ®) enable concurrent identification and multiplexed quantification of proteins in different samples using tandem mass spectrometry. Increasing the number of isobaric tag-labeled samples that can be compared in a single experiment is highly desirable. However, it has been reported that increasing multiplexing by using larger tagging molecules significantly decreases the number of identified and quantified proteins and peptides.1 Here, we demonstrate that 10-plex multiplexing can be achieved with high resolution mass spectrometry utilizing the 6 mDa mass difference between 15N and 13C stable isotopes by combining current TMTsixplex reagents with four TMT6 isotope variants without loss of protein identifications and quality of quantification in a complex digest. Methods TMT10-127N 127.1247610 TMT10-128N 128.1281158 TMT10-129N 129.1314706 TMT10-130N 130.1348254 Sample Preparation HeLa cell lysates (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma, St.Louis, MO) were reduced, alkylated and digested with LysC and/or trypsin. Samples were then labeled with TMT10plex reagents (Figure 1) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Aliquots from six, eight or all ten channels were mixed in equimolar ratios. To assess the impact of peptide co-isolation on quantification, HeLa digest labeled with Thermo Scientific™ TMT8plex™ reagents was spiked with BSA digest labeled with TMT10plex reagents mixed at fixed ratios (16:8:4:2:1:1:2:4:8:16). TMT10-131 131.1381802 FIGURE 2. Optimal resolution settin LC-MS A Thermo Scientific™ EASY-nLC 1000™ HPLC system and Thermo Scientific EASYSpray™ source with Thermo Scientific™ Acclaim™ PepMap™100 2 cm x 75 μm trap column and Thermo Scientific™ EASY-Spray™ PepMap™ RSLC C18 25 or 50 cm x 75 μm ID column were used to separate peptides with a 5-25% acetonitrile gradient in 0.1% formic acid over 60 min for single proteins or 210 min at a flow rate of 300 nL/min for HeLa digest. Samples (500 ng injections) were analyzed on Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive, Orbitrap Elite™ and Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometers using FT HCD MS2 or synchronous precursor selection (SPS) MS3 fragmentations (Orbitrap Fusion MS). Data Analysis Thermo Scientific™ Proteome Discoverer™ software version 1.4 was used to search MS/MS spectra against the Swiss-Prot® human+BSA database using SEQUEST HT® search engine. Static modifications included carbamidomethylation (C) and TMTsixplex (N-terminal, K). Dynamic modifications included methionine oxidation and deamidation (N,Q). Resulting peptide hits were filtered for maximum 1% FDR using the Percolator algorithm.2 The TMT10plex quantification method within Proteome Discoverer software was used to calculate the reporter ratios with mass tolerance ±10 ppm without applying the isotopic correction factors. Only peptide spectra containing all reporter ions were designated as “quantifiable spectra”. A protein ratio was expressed as a median value of the ratios for all quantifiable spectra of the peptides pertaining to that protein. For spiked in BSA experiments with data originating from the MS2 HCD method, a precursor co-isolation filter of 25% was applied. This eliminated peptides where contributions from co-eluting, nearly isobaric peptide species could interfere significantly with the reporter ion signals coming from the peptide of interest. For data sets obtained with the MS3-based method which contained both MS2 and MS3 spectra, CID(MS2) spectra were used for peptide identification and HCD(MS3) that contained reporter ions were used for quantification3. 2 Increasing the Multiplexing of Protein Quantitation from 6- to 10-Plex with Reporter Ion Isotopologues To benchmark the performance of new Lys-C, trypsin HeLa cell digest and an (equimolar 6-, 8- or 10-plex) on three methods used for Orbitrap Elite, Q Ex in Table 1. Compared to unlabeled He samples consistently identified at leas identified proteins/peptides with 8plex labeled samples, depending on the in samples consistently quantified more compared to unlabeled samples. ng capabilities of TMT reagents from 6 to 10 the tag by utilizing the 6 mDa mass of the mass tag reporter ions. Mass rbitrap-based instruments using FT e number of protein identifications or quality creasing sample multiplexing from 6 to 10. AQ®) enable concurrent identification and ferent samples using tandem mass obaric tag-labeled samples that can be desirable. However, it has been reported r tagging molecules significantly decreases oteins and peptides.1 Here, we demonstrate with high resolution mass spectrometry en 15N and 13C stable isotopes by combining T6 isotope variants without loss of protein in a complex digest. kford, IL) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, ated and digested with LysC and/or trypsin. ex reagents (Figure 1) according to six, eight or all ten channels were mixed in peptide co-isolation on quantification, HeLa MT8plex™ reagents was spiked with BSA mixed at fixed ratios (16:8:4:2:1:1:2:4:8:16). HPLC system and Thermo Scientific EASYcclaim™ PepMap™100 2 cm x 75 μm trap ray™ PepMap™ RSLC C18 25 or 50 cm x eptides with a 5-25% acetonitrile gradient in oteins or 210 min at a flow rate of 0 ng injections) were analyzed on Thermo nd Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ mass chronous precursor selection (SPS) MS3 ™ software version 1.4 was used to search uman+BSA database using SEQUEST HT® ed carbamidomethylation (C) and TMTsixplex luded methionine oxidation and deamidation for maximum 1% FDR using the Percolator method within Proteome Discoverer software with mass tolerance ±10 ppm without nly peptide spectra containing all reporter ctra”. A protein ratio was expressed as a ble spectra of the peptides pertaining to that th data originating from the MS2 HCD 5% was applied. This eliminated peptides y isobaric peptide species could interfere oming from the peptide of interest. For data which contained both MS2 and MS3 peptide identification and HCD(MS3) that ntification3. Comparison of unlabeled to TMT6-, 8- or 10-plex labeled HeLa digests. We have extended the previously reported4,5 TMT8plex set of reagents to a 10plex set for multiplex peptide quantitation without increasing the size or altering the structure of the tag (Figure 1). The TMT10plex reagents utilize the 6 mDa mass difference between 13C and 15N isotopes which are measured by high-resolution LC-MSn. In order to accurately quantify all ten channels, all reporter ions need to be baseline resolved. We determined the minimum resolution to separate all ten channels for an MSn resolution to be 35K at m/z 200 (~50K at m/z 120) as shown in Figure 2. At this resolution, an accurate ratio calculation for the all reporter ions can be achieved using a mass tolerance window of up to 10 ppm without applying isotope correction factors. FIGURE 1. Thermo Scientific TMT10plex Reagents structures and reporter ion mass for TMT6plex tags (blue), TMT8plex (green) and TMT10plex (orange). TMT10-126 126.1277261 TMT10-127N TMT10-127C 127.1247610 127.1310809 TMT10-128N TMT10-128C TMT10-129N TMT10-129C TMT10-130N TMT10-130C 128.1281158 128.1344357 129.1314706 129.1377905 130.1348254 130.1411453 TMT10-131 131.1381802 Parameter Q Exactive MS FT MS1 Resolution settings (FWHM at m/z 200) 140,000 Target value 3e6 Injection time 120 FT MS2 HCD Resolution settings (FWHM at m/z 200) 35,000 Target value 1e5 Injection time 250 Isolation width (Da) 2 Top N 10 FIGURE 3. Identification and quantifica three Orbitrap instruments. Number of protein groups (B) are shown at 1% FD quantifiable proteins and peptides is a of two replicate runs for each sample. A. ETD cleavage site 40000 HCD cleavage site 35000 30000 FIGURE 2. Optimal resolution settings to resolve isotope variants. Q Exactive MS Transient 128 ms RP 35K@m/z 200 Peptides erum albumin (BSA) digests were labeled agents. Aliquots from six, eight or all ten d analyzed on three different Thermo TABLE 1. Instrument settings used fo 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Total Quantified Q Exactive MS OT Elite MS Transient 96 ms RP 30K@m/z 400 B. Tot Orb 4500 4000 OT Fusion MS Transient 128 ms RP 60K@m/z 200 3500 3000 To benchmark the performance of new higher multiplexing reagents, we prepared a Lys-C, trypsin HeLa cell digest and analyzed unlabeled and TMT-labeled samples (equimolar 6-, 8- or 10-plex) on three different Orbitrap-based instruments. Acquisition methods used for Orbitrap Elite, Q Exactive and Orbitrap Fusion MS are summarized in Table 1. Compared to unlabeled HeLa digest, HCD MS2 of TMT6plex-labeled samples consistently identified at least 80% as many protein groups, with no loss in identified proteins/peptides with 8plex and 10plex samples compared to TMT6plexlabeled samples, depending on the instrument (Figure 3). All three multiplexed samples consistently quantified more than 98% of identified peptides and proteins compared to unlabeled samples. Protein groups ™ (TMT™) 10-plex reagents by combining reagents with four TMT6 reagent isotope spectrometry platforms. Results 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Total Quantified Q Exactive MS Thermo Scientific Poster Note • PN ASMS13_W617_RViner_e 06/13S 3 Tota OrO Quantitative precision and accuracy. TABLE 1. Instrument settings used for TMT experiments. or 10-plex labeled HeLa digests. ed4,5 TMT8plex set of reagents to a 10plex set increasing the size or altering the structure of nts utilize the 6 mDa mass difference measured by high-resolution LC-MSn. In els, all reporter ions need to be baseline esolution to separate all ten channels for an 0K at m/z 120) as shown in Figure 2. At this or the all reporter ions can be achieved using m without applying isotope correction factors. ex Reagents structures and reporter ion plex (green) and TMT10plex (orange). 126.1277261 TMT10-127C 127.1310809 Parameter Q Exactive MS Orbitrap Elite MS Orbitrap Fusion MS 140,000 144,000 120,000 Target value 3e6 1e6 2e5 Injection time 120 120 50 FT MS2 HCD HCD HCD 35,000 36,000 60,000 Target value 1e5 5e4 1e5 Injection time FT MS1 Resolution settings (FWHM at m/z 200) Two main factors contribute to decrease tags: 1) interference in reporter ion mas of precursor ions. Interference from bac addressed by scanning with high resolu been recently addressed by using a mu Orbitrap Velos or Orbitrap Elite instrume isolation width and fragmentation at the FIGURE 4. Synchronous Precursor S quantification. Precursor Resolution settings (FWHM at m/z 200) 250 250 120 Isolation width (Da) 2 2 2 Top N 10 15 3 sec TMT10-128C TMT10-129C 129.1377905 TMT10-130C 130.1411453 FIGURE 3. Identification and quantification results for TMT experiments on three Orbitrap instruments. Number of total peptide identifications (A) and protein groups (B) are shown at 1% FDR for 500ng HeLa digest. The number of quantifiable proteins and peptides is also shown. Results represent an average of two replicate runs for each sample. A. ETD cleavage site 40000 HCD cleavage site 35000 25000 Unlabeled 20000 TMT6 15000 TMT8 10000 TMT10 FIGURE 5. Accuracy and precision o HeLa matrix using MS2 vs MS3 meth and observed (B) ratios normalized t represent an average of two replicate A. 20 5000 0 Total Quantified Q Exactive MS OT Elite MS Transient 96 ms RP 30K@m/z 400 B. Total Quantified OT Elite Orbitrap EliteMS MS Total Quantified OT Fusion MSMS Orbitrap Fusion 4500 4000 OT Fusion MS Transient 128 ms RP 60K@m/z 200 3500 Protein groups 2500 Unlabeled 2000 TMT6 TMT8 1500 TMT10 1000 500 0 Total Quantified Q Exactive MS Total Quantified OT Elite MSMS Orbitrap Elite Total Quantified OT Fusion MS Orbitrap Fusion MS TMT 8 HeL 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 B. 20 126 127N 127C 128N BSA alone 18 BSA+ HeLa SPS M 16 BSA+ HeLa MS2 ( 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4 Increasing the Multiplexing of Protein Quantitation from 6- to 10-Plex with Reporter Ion Isotopologues TMT 10 BS 18 0 3000 igher multiplexing reagents, we prepared a yzed unlabeled and TMT-labeled samples ferent Orbitrap-based instruments. Acquisition ive and Orbitrap Fusion MS are summarized digest, HCD MS2 of TMT6plex-labeled 0% as many protein groups, with no loss in nd 10plex samples compared to TMT6plexument (Figure 3). All three multiplexed an 98% of identified peptides and proteins BSA (16:8:4:2:1:1:2:4:8:16 Expected BSA peptide reporter Ion ratios Q Exactive MS Transient 128 ms RP 35K@m/z 200 Peptides 30000 s to resolve isotope variants. FTMS3 HCD of selected notches Observed BSA peptide reporter ion ratios 128.1344357 126 127N 127C 128N Orbitrap Fusion MS 144,000 120,000 1e6 2e5 120 50 HCD HCD Two main factors contribute to decreased quantitative accuracy when using isobaric tags: 1) interference in reporter ion mass regions and 2) interference from co-isolation of precursor ions. Interference from background ions in the reporter region can be addressed by scanning with high resolution (Figure 2). Co-isolation interference has been recently addressed by using a multi-notch (SPS )MS3 experiment on an LTQ Orbitrap Velos or Orbitrap Elite instrument4,6 and by combining a narrow precursor isolation width and fragmentation at the apex of the LC.7 FIGURE 4. Synchronous Precursor Selection MS3 TMT workflow for accurate quantification. 36,000 60,000 5e4 1e5 250 120 2 2 15 3 sec ults for TMT experiments on ptide identifications (A) and 0ng HeLa digest. The number of wn. Results represent an average ntified MS 350 3500 300 3000 2500 MS2 2000 MS3 1500 200 150 100 50 500 0 250 Total Quantified 0 To assess the impact of peptide co-isolation on q samples were equally mixed (1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1) an TMT10plex reagents mixed at different ratios (16 fmol BSA + 500 ng HeLa digest) was then analyz narrow precursor isolation (1.2 amu) by HCD MS fragmentation/quantification method (Figures 4 & method significantly improved quantitative accur as shown in Figure 5B. The percent of proteins q approach was over 95% with less than 25% loss improved scan rate of the Orbitrap Fusion MS (F outperform previously reported single notch MS3 of quantified proteins and quantitative accuracy.3 Reporter ions Unlabeled TMT6 TMT8 TMT10 Total Higher-resolution analysis, at least 35K@ m TMT10plex reagent reporter ion measurem A. Precursor co-isolation effect in complex sa extent by relying on the reporter ion intens The Orbitrap Fusion MS demonstrated sign of peptide identifications and quantifiable p compared to the previous series of instrum A novel FT MS3 Synchronous Precursor S Orbitrap Fusion MS showed only ~25% los excellent 95% quantitation rate with signific accuracy for BSA digest peptides spiked in BSA (16:8:4:2:1:1:2:4:8:16) + HeLa (10:10:10:0:10:10:10:0:10:10) 20 OT Fusion MSMS Orbitrap Fusion TMT8 TMT10 Total Quantified OT Fusion MS Orbitrap Fusion MS TMT 10 BSA, 500 fmol:129:64:32:16:8:8:16:32:64:129 18 TMT 8 HeLa, 500 ng 16 14 12 10 B. References 8 6 4 2 0 TMT6 Mass spectrometry analysis on three differ shows no negative effect on number of pro quantification in complex digest by increas Quantified Unlabeled FIGURE 5. Accuracy and precision of TMT10 BSA quantitation spiked into TMT8 HeLa matrix using MS2 vs MS3 methods on Orbitrap Fusion MS. Expected (A) and observed (B) ratios normalized to 126 reporter ion intensity. Results represent an average of two replicate runs for each sample. Expected BSA peptide reporter Ion ratios S MS 400 4000 Conclusion 20 Observed BSA peptide reporter ion ratios ntified FTMS3 HCD of selected notches B HeLa 4500 1000 MS2 IT CID Multi-notch isolation 5 fragments selected Precursor A. Peptides itrap Elite MS FIGURE 6. Identification and quantification of into TMT8-labeled HeLa using MS2 vs MS3 me Number of HeLa proteins (A) and BSA peptid 1% FDR. Results represent an average of two Protein groups Quantitative precision and accuracy. periments. 126 127N 127C 128N 128C 129N 129C 130N 130C 131 BSA alone 18 BSA+ HeLa SPS MS3 16 BSA+ HeLa MS2 ( 1.2 amu isolation) 14 12 10 8 6 iTRAQ is a trademark of Applera Corporation. Tandem Mass Ta plc. SEQUEST is a registered trademark of the University of Wa Science, Ltd. Swiss-Prot is a registered trademark of Institute S Switzerland. All other trademarks are the property of Thermo Fi 4 2 0 1. Pichler, P.; Kocher, T.; Holzmann, J.; Maza Mechtler, K. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82: 6549−6 2. Kall, L. Canterbury, J, Weston, J., Noble, W 2007, 4: 923-925. 3. Viner, R.; Scigelova, M.; Zeller, M.; Opperm V. Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Not 4. McAlister, G., Huttlin, E.L.; Haas, W.; Ting, Kuhn, K.; Pike, I.; Grothe, R.A,; Blethrow, J 7469-7478. 5. Werner, T., Becher, I.; Sweetman,G.; Doce Chem. 2012. 84: 7188-7194. 6. Ting, L.; Rad, R.; Gygi, S. P.; Haas, W., Na 7. Savitski, M. M.; Sweetman, G.; Askenazi, M Bantscheff, M. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83: 8959 126 127N 127C 128N 128C 129N 129C 130N 130C 131 This information is not intended to encourage use of these prod intellectual property rights of others. Thermo Scientific Poster Note • PN ASMS13_W617_RViner_e 06/13S 5 A. B. HeLa 4500 4000 350 3500 300 3000 2500 MS2 2000 MS3 1500 MS2 200 MS3 150 50 500 0 250 100 1000 MS2 IT CID Multi-notch isolation 5 fragments selected BSA 400 Peptides Selection MS3 TMT workflow for accurate FIGURE 6. Identification and quantification of TMT10-labeled BSA digest spiked into TMT8-labeled HeLa using MS2 vs MS3 methods on the Orbitrap Fusion MS. Number of HeLa proteins (A) and BSA peptide (B) identifications are shown at 1% FDR. Results represent an average of two replicate runs for each sample. Protein groups . ed quantitative accuracy when using isobaric ss regions and 2) interference from co-isolation ckground ions in the reporter region can be ution (Figure 2). Co-isolation interference has ulti-notch (SPS )MS3 experiment on an LTQ ent4,6 and by combining a narrow precursor apex of the LC.7 Total Quantified 0 Sequence coverage Total Quantified To assess the impact of peptide co-isolation on quantification, TMT8plex-labeled HeLa samples were equally mixed (1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1) and spiked with BSA labeled with TMT10plex reagents mixed at different ratios (16:8:4:2:1:1:2:4:8:16). The sample (500 fmol BSA + 500 ng HeLa digest) was then analyzed on an Orbitrap Fusion MS using narrow precursor isolation (1.2 amu) by HCD MS2 or a novel SPS MS3 fragmentation/quantification method (Figures 4 & 5).4 The SPS( multi-notch) MS3 method significantly improved quantitative accuracy for the spiked BSA peptide digest as shown in Figure 5B. The percent of proteins quantified employing the MS3 approach was over 95% with less than 25% loss in identified proteins due to the improved scan rate of the Orbitrap Fusion MS (Figure 6). These results significantly outperform previously reported single notch MS3 acquisition methods for both number of quantified proteins and quantitative accuracy.3,6 Reporter ions Conclusion of TMT10 BSA quantitation spiked into TMT8 hods on Orbitrap Fusion MS. Expected (A) to 126 reporter ion intensity. Results e runs for each sample. ) + HeLa (10:10:10:0:10:10:10:0:10:10) Mass spectrometry analysis on three different Orbitrap-based instruments shows no negative effect on number of protein identifications or quality of quantification in complex digest by increasing TMT multiplexing from 6 to 10. Higher-resolution analysis, at least 35K@ m/z 200, is required for the accurate TMT10plex reagent reporter ion measurements. Precursor co-isolation effect in complex samples can be addressed to a large extent by relying on the reporter ion intensities extracted from MS3 spectra. The Orbitrap Fusion MS demonstrated significant improvements in the number of peptide identifications and quantifiable proteins using TMT reagents compared to the previous series of instruments. A novel FT MS3 Synchronous Precursor Selection method implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion MS showed only ~25% loss of identified proteins and an excellent 95% quantitation rate with significantly improved quantification accuracy for BSA digest peptides spiked into a complex proteome matrix. A, 500 fmol:129:64:32:16:8:8:16:32:64:129 La, 500 ng References 128C 129N 129C 130N 130C 131 MS3 ( 1.2 amu isolation) 1. Pichler, P.; Kocher, T.; Holzmann, J.; Mazanek, M.; Taus, T.; Ammerer, G.; Mechtler, K. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82: 6549−6558. 2. Kall, L. Canterbury, J, Weston, J., Noble, W.S., MacCoss, M. Nature Meth. 2007, 4: 923-925. 3. Viner, R.; Scigelova, M.; Zeller, M.; Oppermann, M.; Moehring, T.; Zabrouskov, V. Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note #566, 2012 4. McAlister, G., Huttlin, E.L.; Haas, W.; Ting, L.; Jedrychowski, M.P.; Rogers, J.C.; Kuhn, K.; Pike, I.; Grothe, R.A,; Blethrow, J.D.; Gygi, S.P. Anal Chem. 2012. 84: 7469-7478. 5. Werner, T., Becher, I.; Sweetman,G.; Doce,C.; Savitski, M.; Bantscheff, M. Anal Chem. 2012. 84: 7188-7194. 6. Ting, L.; Rad, R.; Gygi, S. P.; Haas, W., Nature Methods 2011, 8 , 937-940. 7. Savitski, M. M.; Sweetman, G.; Askenazi, M.; Marto, J. A.; Lang, M.; Zinn, N.; Bantscheff, M. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83: 8959−8967. iTRAQ is a trademark of Applera Corporation. Tandem Mass Tag, TMT are trademarks of Proteome Sciences plc. SEQUEST is a registered trademark of the University of Washington. Mascot is a trademark of Matrix Science, Ltd. Swiss-Prot is a registered trademark of Institute Suisse de Bioinformatique (Sib) Foundation Switzerland. All other trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries. 128C 129N 129C 130N 130C 131 This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manners that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others. 6 Increasing the Multiplexing of Protein Quantitation from 6- to 10-Plex with Reporter Ion Isotopologues www.thermoscientific.com ©2013 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. ISO is a trademark of the International Standards Organization. iTRAQ is a trademark of Applera Corporation. Tandem Mass Tag, TMT are trademarks of Proteome Sciences plc. SEQUEST is a registered trademark of the University of Washington. Mascot is a trademark of Matrix Science, Ltd. Swiss-Prot is a registered trademark of Institute Suisse de Bioinformatique (Sib) Foundation Switzerland. All other trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Specifications, terms and pricing are subject to change. 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