12/15/2011
2nd Nine Weeks Study Guide Answers
1. What is photosynthesis?
A process used by autotrophs to produce their own
food using the sun’s energy
5. What kind of organic compound is this food molecule?
A carbohydrate
6. What is the main energy trapping molecule in plants? HINT:
It gives chloroplast its color.
Chlorophyll
2. What is cellular respiration?
A process in which mitochondria break down food
molecules/glucose into ATP
7. Energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll located in
what part of the chloroplast?
Thylakoid membranes
3. In photosynthesis, what kind of energy is light energy
converted into?
Chemical energy (glucose)
8. What is chlorophyll? A green pigment that traps
light energy
9. What kind of organisms use it to make food: heterotrophs or
autotrophs? Autotrophs
4. What food molecule is used as an energy source?
glucose
10. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2
– What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight
– What are the products?
C6H12O6 + 6O2
11. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
– What are the products of respiration?
6H2O, 6CO2, ATP
– What are the reactants of respiration?
C6H12O6, O2
17. Give 3 examples of Mutagens. Ultraviolent rays,
Chemicals, x-rays
18. Where does transcription & translation take place?
Transcription- Nucleus, Translation- cytoplasm
(ribosome)
19. Where does mRNA have to take its strand for protein
synthesis to occur? To the ribosome in the cytoplasm
20. What happens during DNA replication? (name the
enzymes used & tell what their used for)
Helicase opens the helix, Polymerase adds the bases,
and Ligase stitches it up.
21. Which process forms mRNA? Transcription
22. Which sugar is in DNA? RNA?
DNA- Deoxyribose, RNA- Ribose
12. What is the relationship between Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis?
They are opposites. The products of one are the reactants of the other.
13. If oxygen is present, how many ATP can be made from 1 glucose
molecule?
36
14. What are the components of a nucleotide? Sugar,
Phosphate & a Base
15. What is the function of ribosomes and what are they
made of? rRNA & Protein, Function- Protein Synthesis
16. What is the base-pair rule in DNA? RNA?
DNA= A-T, C-G RNA= A-U, C-G
23. List the three types of RNA and their function.
mRNA- makes copies of DNA, rRNA- synthesize mRNA,
tRNA- translate amino acid sequence.
24. Who are the fathers of DNA? What did they discover?
Watson & Crick- Double helix
25. What is the shape of DNA? Double helix
26. What is the monomer of DNA & RNA? (What are they
made of?) nucleotides
27. What brings the amino acids to the mRNA strand?
tRNA
28. What is a combination of 3 bases called?
Codon
29. What is the primary function of DNA?
Storage of genetic material
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30. List 3 differences between DNA & RNA.
Shape- DNA is double helix and RNA is a single strand.
Sugar- DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose.
Base- RNA doesn’t have thymine, it has uracil.
31. What is the definition of Transcription of Translation?
Transcription is making a copy of DNA in RNA form.
Translation is translating the mRNA into amino acids and creating
proteins.
32. What signals for the end of the protein strand?
Stop codon or stop signal.
33.What is the start codon?
AUG
39. Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. What is the
genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
Tt
34. What is the scientific study of heredity?
Genetics
35. Who is the father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
36. What is the genetic trait that appears every genotype?
Dominant
37. If an individual has two of the same alleles for a trait,
they are _____________. What’s another name for
this?
Homozygous, Purebred
38. If an individual has two different alleles for a trait, they
are _____________. What’s another name for this?
Heterozygous, Hybrid
43. Below are the phases of the Cell cycle. Label each
phase, and tell what happens in each one.
40. What are Mendel’s 4 laws?
Rule of Unit Factors
Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
A
41. What are the three reasons we need mitosis? Growth,
repair, replacement
42. List 3 differences between Mitosis & Meiosis.
–
–
–
Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells, Meiosis produces 4 Haploid cells.
Mitosis is body cells, Meiosis is Sex cells.
Mitosis undergoes one division, Meiosis includes two divisions.
44. During which phase of Meiosis does crossing over
occur?
-Prophase I
45. Define diploid and haploid. Give one example of
each type of cell.
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell; 2n
Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes in a cell; 1n
D: body cells (somatic) H: gametes (sex cells)
46. What is a gamete? What is the male gamete? The
female gamete?
Gametes: sex cells M=sperm F=egg
B
C
D
E
A. Telophase- two new nuclei
B. Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in the middle of
the cell.
C. Interphase- No Chromosomes are seen
D. Anaphase- Chromosomes separate and move to
opposite ends of the cell.
E. Prophase- Chromosomes are becoming visible.
47. A camel has 70 chromosomes in his body cells.
A. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes
will be in his diploid cells? 35
B. How many chromosomes will be in his sex cells?
35
C. How many chromosomes will be in one of his
skin cells? 70
48.
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