Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont
Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department
22 March 2017
This list of rare and uncommon bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) is produced by the Vermont
Natural Heritage Inventory, Vermont Fish &Wildlife Department. The Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory is
the state’s official repository for records of rare, threatened, and endangered species. Information in the Natural
Heritage database is the result of work of botanists, natural resource professionals and interested amateurs. This
list represents early efforts to assess the status of nonvascular plants in Vermont and is primarily the result of the
contributions of Dr. Dorothy Allard. Additional species may be added to or removed from the list as further
information is obtained on their presence in Vermont; state ranks will continue to be assessed. This list can be
expected to change more often than that of vascular plants until the distribution and abundance of bryophytes in
Vermont is better understood through additional inventory.
The state and global ranks are informational categories regarding the rarity and extirpation/extinction risk of the
species. A brief explanation of legal status and informational ranks follows the list. Global ranks are developed
and reviewed by NatureServe (http://www.natureserve.org) and its international network of natural heritage data
centers. Synonyms are only listed when the species is Threatened or Endangered.
If you locate a taxon found on this list, the Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory would appreciate receiving
information on it. A Rare Plant Reporting Form is available in the Fish and Wildlife Library at
http://www.vtfishandwildlife.com to summarize information on your observations. Please obtain landowner
permission before accessing private property.
For further information contact Robert Popp, Botanist (802) 476-0127; [email protected].
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department, 5 Perry Street Suite 40, Barre, VT 05641-4266
Scientific Name
State
Rank
Global
Rank
SH
G4G5T4
S2
S1
S2
S2
S1
S1S3
S1
S2S3
S1
S1
G5
G5
G3G5
G5
G4G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
Mosses
Acaulon muticum var. rufescens
Amphidium lapponicum
Amphidium mougeotii
Anacamptodon splachnoides
Andreaea rothii
Anomobryum filiforme
Aphanorrhegma serratum
Arctoa fulvella
Atrichum crispum
Atrichum tenellum
Aulacomnium androgynum
State
Status
Federal
Status
Scientific Name
Aulacomnium heterostichum
Barbula convoluta var. convoluta
Barbula indica var. indica
Blindia acuta
Brachythecium acuminatum
Brachythecium acutum
Brachythecium albicans
Brachythecium calcareum
Brachythecium campestre
Brachythecium digastrum
Brachythecium erythrorrhizon
Brachythecium falcatum
Brachythecium turgidum
Bryhnia graminicolor
Bryoandersonia illecebra
Bryohaplocladium microphyllum
Bryohaplocladium virginianum
Bryum algovicum
Bryum pallens
Bryum pallescens
Bryum weigelii
Bucklandiella microcarpa
Bucklandiella sudetica
Buxbaumia aphylla
Buxbaumia minakatae
Calliergon obtusifolium
Calliergon richardsonii
Calliergon stramineum
Calliergon trifarium
Campylium polygamum
Campylium radicale
Cinclidium stygium
Cirriphyllum piliferum
Climacium kindbergii
Codriophorus aduncoides
Codriophorus fascicularis
Conardia compacta
Ctenidium molluscum
Cynodontium alpestre
Cynodontium strumiferum
Cynodontium tenellum
Cyrto-hypnum minutulum
Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum
Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides
State
Rank
S3
S3
S1
S2S3
SH
S1
SH
SH
S2
S1S2
S1
S1
S1
S2S3
S1
S2
SH
SH
S2
S1
S2
S1
SH
S2
S1
S2
S3
S3
S1
S1S3
S2
S1
S2
S1
S1
S1
S1
S3
S1
S1
S1
SH
S1
S1
Global
Rank
G5
G5TNR
G5?T5?
G5
G5
GNRQ
G5
G3G4
G4G5Q
G4?
G5
GNR
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G2G4
G3G4
G5
G5
G5
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G5?
GNR
G5
G5
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5?
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
Page 2 of 11
Scientific Name
Dichelyma capillaceum
Dichelyma falcatum
Dichelyma pallescens
Dichodontium pellucidum
Dicranella cerviculata
Dicranella rufescens
Dicranella schreberiana
Dicranella subulata
Dicranella varia
Dicranodontium denudatum
Dicranoweisia crispula
Dicranum muehlenbeckii
Dicranum ontariense
Dicranum spurium
Didymodon fallax
Didymodon ferrugineus
Didymodon rigidulus var. rigidulus
Didymodon tophaceus
Distichium capillaceum
Ditrichum flexicaule
Ditrichum rhynchostegium
Ditrichum tortuloides
Drepanocladus longifolius
Drummondia prorepens
Encalypta ciliata
Encalypta rhaptocarpa
Entodon brevisetus
Ephemerum cohaerens
Ephemerum spinulosum
Eurhynchium hians
Fissidens exilis
Fissidens fontanus
Fissidens subbasilaris
Fontinalis hypnoides var. duriaei
Fontinalis sphagnifolia
Fontinalis sullivantii
Forsstroemia trichomitria
Grimmia donniana
Grimmia hartmanii
Grimmia laevigata
Grimmia longirostris
Grimmia muehlenbeckii
Grimmia olneyi
Grimmia pilifera
State
Rank
S1
S1
S2
S2S3
S1
S2S3
S1
SH
S3
S2
SH
S1
S2
SH
S2
S1
S1
S1
S2
S1
SH
S1
S1
S2
S3
SH
S1
S1S3
S1S3
S2
S1
SH
S1
S1
SH
SH
S1
SH
S1
SH
S1
S1
SH
S1
Global
Rank
G5
G4G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G5?
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G5T4?
G5
G5
G5
G3G5
GNR
GNR
G5
G5
G5
G4?
G4G5
G4G5
G5
G3G4
G5
G4G5
G5TNR
G3G5
G3G5
G5
G4G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G3G5
G3G5
G4G5
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
Page 3 of 11
Scientific Name
Grimmia torquata
Grimmia trichophylla
Grimmia unicolor
Hamatocaulis vernicosus
Haplohymenium triste
Helodium blandowii var. blandowii
Helodium blandowii var. elodioides
Helodium paludosum
Herzogiella turfacea
Heterocladium dimorphum
Homalotheciella subcapillata
Hygrohypnum closteri
Hygrohypnum duriusculum
Hygrohypnum luridum
Hygrohypnum micans
Hygrohypnum molle
Hygrohypnum montanum
Hygrohypnum subeugyrium
Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum
Hymenostylium recurvirostre
Hyophila involuta
Hypnum cupressiforme var. cupressiforme
Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme
Hypnum cupressiforme var. resupinatum
Hypnum fauriei
Hypnum plicatulum
Hypnum pratense
Hypnum recurvatum
Isopterygiopsis muelleriana
Isopterygiopsis pulchella
Leptodictyum humile
Lescuraea saxicola
Leskea gracilescens
Leskea obscura
Leucobryum albidum
Leucodon brachypus var. brachypus
Leucodon julaceus
Limprichtia cossonii
Limprichtia revolvens
Lindbergia brachyptera
Loeskeobryum brevirostre
Meesia triquetra
Meesia uliginosa
Microbryum davallianum
State
Rank
SH
S1
S1
S2
S1S3
S3
S1
S2
S2S3
S1
SH
S1
S1
S2
S1
S2
S1
S1
S2
S3
S1
SU
S3
SNA
S1S3
S1S3
S3
S1
S2S3
S1
S2
SH
S2
S2
S3
S1
SH
S2
S1S3
S1
S1
S2
SH
S1
Global
Rank
G4G5
G5?
G4G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5T3
G3G5
G5
G5
G5?
G3
G5
G5
G3G5
G4G5
G3G5
G3
G5
G5
G4G5
G5T5
G5TNR
G5TNR
G5
G5
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
Page 4 of 11
Scientific Name
Micromitrium tenerum
Mnium ambiguum
Mnium thomsonii
Myurella julacea
Neckera besseri
Neckera complanata
Niphotrichum canescens ssp. canescens
Oncophorus virens
Orthotrichum obtusifolium
Orthotrichum ohioense
Orthotrichum pumilum
Orthotrichum sordidum
Orthotrichum speciosum
Orthotrichum speciosum var. elegans
Orthotrichum strangulatum
Paludella squarrosa
Palustriella commutata
Philonotis marchica
Philonotis muehlenbergii
Philonotis yezoana
Physcomitrium immersum
Plagiobryum zieri
Plagiomnium drummondii
Plagiomnium rostratum
Platydictya confervoides
Platydictya jungermannioides
Platydictya subtilis
Platylomella lescurii
Pleuridium subulatum
Pogonatum dentatum
Pogonatum urnigerum
Pohlia andalusica
Pohlia annotina
Pohlia bulbifera
Pohlia drummondii
Pohlia elongata var. elongata
Pohlia longicolla
Pohlia proligera
Pohlia sphagnicola
Pohlia wahlenbergii
Polytrichastrum formosum
Polytrichastrum longisetum
Polytrichum commune var. perigoniale
Polytrichum strictum
State
Rank
S1
S3
S1
S2
S1
S1
S2
SH
S2S3
S2
S1
S3
S3
SH
S3
S2
S1
S2
S1
SH
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2S4
S1
S2
SH
S2S3
S2
S3
S1
S2
S1
S1
S1
SH
S1S3
S1
S3
S2
S1
SH
S3
Global
Rank
G4G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G4
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G4
G5
G4G5
G5
G3G4
G3
G4
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G3G5
G4G5
G5
G4
G4G5TNR
G4G5
G4G5
G3?Q
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
E
Page 5 of 11
Scientific Name
Pseudobryum cinclidioides
Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum
Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans
Pterigynandrum filiforme
Ptychomitrium incurvum
Pylaisiella polyantha
Rauiella scita
Rhabdoweisia crispata
Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum
Rhytidium rugosum
Saelania glaucescens
Schistidium lancifolium
Schistidium liliputanum
Schistidium papillosum
Schistidium viride
Schistostega pennata
Schwetschkeopsis fabronia
Scorpidium scorpioides
Seligeria calcarea
Seligeria tristichoides
Sematophyllum adnatum
Sematophyllum demissum
Sematophyllum marylandicum
Sphagnum andersonianum
Sphagnum angermanicum
Sphagnum atlanticum
Sphagnum austinii
Sphagnum bartlettianum
Sphagnum brevifolium
Sphagnum compactum
Sphagnum contortum
Sphagnum henryense
Sphagnum inundatum
Sphagnum isoviitae
Sphagnum lescurii
Sphagnum lindbergii
Sphagnum majus
Sphagnum mcqueenii
Sphagnum platyphyllum
Sphagnum pulchrum
Sphagnum quinquefarium
Sphagnum recurvum
Sphagnum riparium
State
Rank
S2S3
S2S3
S2S4
S3
S1
S2S4
S3
S3
S1
S3
S2
SH
S2
S1
S1
S2
S1
S2
SH
SH
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1S3
S2
S3
S1
S2S4
S1
S1
S1
S2
S1
S1
Global
Rank
G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G4
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
GNR
GNR
GNR
GNR
G3G4
G5
G5
G4?
G4
G5
G5
G5
G3?
G4
GNR
G4
G4G5
G5T4T5
G5
G5
G4?
G4
GNR
G5
G5
G5
GNR
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
Page 6 of 11
State
Rank
S1
Global
Rank
GNR
S3
S1
S1
S2
SH
S2
S3
SH
S1
S1
S3
S1
SH
S2
S1
S3
SH
S1
S3
S1
S1
S2
S1
SH
S3
S2S3
SH
S1
S2S3
SH
S2S3
S1S3
G5T4
G5
G4
GNR
G4?
G5
G4G5
G4
G5
G5
G5?
G5
G5
G5T5
G3G5
G5
GNR
G5
G5
G4G5TNR
G4G5TNR
G5
G5
G3?
G3G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
Anastrophyllum helleranum
S2
G5
Anastrophyllum michauxii
Anastrophyllum minutum var. minutum
Anastrophyllum saxicola
Aneura maxima
Apometzgeria pubescens
Asterella tenella
Athalamia hyalina
S2
S3
S1
S1
SH
S3
S1
G4
G5T5
G3G4
G4?
G5
G5
G5
Scientific Name
Sphagnum subfulvum
Synonym: Sphagnum nitidum
Sphagnum subsecundum var. subsecundum
Sphagnum tenellum
Sphagnum torreyanum
Sphagnum viride
Splachnum pennsylvanicum
Syntrichia ruralis
Taxiphyllum deplanatum
Tayloria serrata
Tetraplodon angustatus
Tetraplodon mnioides
Thamnobryum alleghaniense
Thelia asprella
Thelia hirtella
Timmia megapolitana ssp. megapolitana
Tomenthypnum falcifolium
Tomenthypnum nitens
Tortella bambergeri
Tortella fragilis
Tortella humilis
Tortella inclinata var. densa
Tortella inclinata var. inclinata
Tortula mucronifolia
Tortula obtusifolia
Tortula porteri
Tortula truncata
Trematodon ambiguus
Trematodon longicollis
Trichostomum crispulum
Trichostomum tenuirostre
Ulota curvifolia
Warnstorfia exannulata
Weissia muhlenbergiana
State
Status
E
Federal
Status
Liverworts
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
Page 7 of 11
Scientific Name
Barbilophozia floerkei var. floerkei
Barbilophozia hatcheri
Barbilophozia kunzeana
Bazzania tricrenata
Calypogeia sphagnicola
Calypogeia suecica
Cephalozia catenulata
Cephalozia connivens
Cephalozia leucantha
Cephalozia macrostachya ssp. macrostachya
Cephalozia pleniceps var. pleniceps
Cephaloziella arctica
Cephaloziella divaricata
Cephaloziella elachista
Cephaloziella hampeana
Cephaloziella massalongi
Cephaloziella rubella var. elegans
Cephaloziella rubella var. rubella
Cephaloziella stellulifera
Chandonanthus setiformis
Chiloscyphus pallescens var. fragilis
Chiloscyphus pallescens var. pallescens
Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. polyanthos
Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. rivularis
Diplophyllum taxifolium var. taxifolium
Fossombronia foveolata
Fossombronia wondraczekii
Frullania bolanderi
Frullania brittoniae
Frullania inflata
Frullania oakesiana
Frullania plana
Frullania riparia
Frullania selwyniana
Gymnocolea inflata
Gymnomitrion concinnatum
Harpanthus drummondii
Harpanthus scutatus
Jubula pennsylvanica
Jungermannia caespiticia
Jungermannia evansii
Jungermannia exsertifolia ssp. cordifolia
Jungermannia hyalina
Jungermannia obovata
State
Rank
SH
S1
S1
S3
S3
S2
SH
S2
SH
SH
S3
S1
S3
S2
S3
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
SH
SU
SU
S3
S2
SH
S3
S2
S2
S2
S1
S3
S1
S1
S1
S2
S1
S2
S1
S2
SH
SH
SH
Global
Rank
G5T5?
G5
G5
G4
G4
G5
G5
G5
G4
G4T4
G5T5
G5
G5
G4
G5
G3G5
G5T3?
G5T5
G3G5
G5
G5T4
G5T5
G5T4
G5T4
G5T5
G5
G4
G4
G4
G5
G4
G4
G4G5
G2G3
G5
G5
G4?
G4
G5
G4
G2G4
G5?T3T5
G5
G4G5
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
Page 8 of 11
Scientific Name
Jungermannia pumila
Jungermannia sphaerocarpa
Kurzia pauciflora
Lejeunea lamacerina ssp. gemminata
Lophocolea bidentata
Lophocolea cuspidata var. alata
Lophocolea minor
Lophozia alpestris
Lophozia ascendens
Lophozia badensis var. badensis
Lophozia bicrenata
Lophozia capitata
Lophozia collaris
Lophozia excisa
Lophozia gillmanii
Lophozia grandiretis var. grandiretis
Lophozia guttulata
Lophozia heterocolpos var. heterocolpos
Lophozia laxa
Lophozia longidens ssp. longidens
Lophozia rutheana
Lophozia sudetica
Lophozia wenzelii var. wenzelii
Lunularia cruciata
Mannia fragrans
Mannia pilosa
Mannia triandra
Marchantia alpestris
Marchantia aquatica
Marsupella sphacelata
Marsupella ustulata var. ustulata
Metzgeria crassipilis
Mylia taylorii
Nardia scalaris ssp. scalaris
Odontoschisma denudatum var. denudatum
Odontoschisma prostratum
Pellia megaspora
Plagiochila austinii
Porella pinnata
Radula obconica
Radula tenax
Reboulia hemisphaerica
Riccardia palmata
Riccia bifurca
State
Rank
S1
S1
S1
S1
SH
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S3
SH
S1
S1
S3
SH
S3
S1
S2
S3
SH
S1
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
S1
S2
S1
SH
S1
S1
S1
S3
SH
S2
S1
SH
S2
SH
S3
S3
SH
Global
Rank
G5
G5
G3G5
G5T4
G5
G5T3?
G5
G5
G4
G5?T5?
G5
G4
G5
G5
G5
G3?T3?
G4G5
G5TU
G4
G5T5?
G4?
G4G5
G4G5T4
G5
G5
G4?
G3G4
G3G5
GNR
G5
G5T5
G4G5
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G4G5
GNR
G3
G5
G5
G3G4
G5
G5
G5
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
State
Status
Federal
Status
Page 9 of 11
State
Rank
SH
S3
SH
S1
SH
S1
SH
S2
S2
S1
S1
S2
SH
S1
S3
S1
S2
Global
Rank
G5
G5
G5
G4Q
G5T5
G5T5
G4G5
G4
G5T5?
G2G4TU
G5T5
G5T3T5
G5
G4G5
G5
G5T5
G5T5
Anthoceros agrestis
S1
G4G5
Notothylas orbicularis
Phaeoceros laevis ssp. laevis
SH
S3
G5
G5T5
Scientific Name
Riccia cavernosa
Riccia fluitans
Riccia frostii
Riccia huebeneriana ssp. sullivantii
Scapania curta var. curta
Scapania cuspiduligera var. cuspiduligera
Scapania glaucocephala
Scapania gymnostomophila
Scapania irrigua ssp. irrigua
Scapania lingulata var. lingulata
Scapania mucronata ssp. mucronata
Scapania paludicola var. paludicola
Scapania paludosa
Scapania umbrosa
Tritomaria exsecta
Tritomaria exsectiformis ssp. exsectiformis
Tritomaria quinquedentata var. quinquedentata
State
Status
Federal
Status
Hornworts
Rare and Uncommon Bryophytes of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 22 March 2017
Page 10 of 11
Explanation of Legal Status and Information Ranks
State Rank - Value that best characterizes the relative rarity (abundance) of a native taxon within Vermont's
geographic boundary. The following criteria for assigning bryophyte State Conservation Ranks were adapted
from the Natural Heritage Network methodology expressly for Vermont.
Mosses:
S1- Very rare: known from 5 or fewer towns with at least 1 extant*
S2- Rare: six to 12 towns with at least one extant
S3- Uncommon: 13 to 18 towns with at least one extant
S4- Common to uncommon: 19 to 24 towns with at least one extant
S5- Common: 25 or more towns with at least one extant
SU- Unrankable; currently not enough information to assign a rank
SNA- In this list, SNA means the taxon is Reported but Unconfirmed; we are seeking more information
on its distribution.
Liverworts:
S1-Very rare: 2 or fewer town with at least one extant
S2- Rare: 3 to 4 town with at least one extant
S3- Uncommon: 5-8 towns with at least one extant
S4- Common to uncommon: 9-15 towns with at least one extant
S5- Common: 16 or more towns with at least one extant
SU- Unrankable; currently not enough information to assign a rank
SNA- In this list, SNA means the taxon is Reported but Unconfirmed; we are seeking more information
on its distribution.
*"Extant" for these purposes is defined as documented collections since 1960. Note that species with all
collections prior to 1960 are ranked as SH.
Global Rank - Value that best characterizes the relative rarity (abundance) or endangerment of a native taxon
throughout its range.
1 - Very rare (Critically imperiled): At very high risk of extinction or extirpation due to extreme rarity
(often 5 or fewer populations or occurrences), very steep declines, or other factors
2 - Rare (Imperiled): At high risk of extinction or extirpation due to very restricted range, very few
populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors
3 - Uncommon (Vulnerable): At moderate risk of extinction or extirpation due to restricted range,
relatively few populations or occurrences (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other
factors
4 - Common to uncommon (Apparently secure): locally common or widely scattered to uncommon,
but not rare; some cause for longterm concern due to declines or other factors; or stable over many
decades and not threatened but of restricted distribution or other factors
5 - Common (Secure): widespread and abundant
H - Possibly extinct/extirpated: Missing; known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of
rediscovery
X - Presumed extinct/extirpated: Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of
rediscovery
U = Unrankable: Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting
information about status or trends
Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory
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