Chem Life For each of the sections that follow, students may be required to analyze, recall, explain, interpret, apply, or evaluate the particular concepts being taught. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
· · · · · · define Chemistry and recognize its position in the structure of science
explain the parts and sequence of The Scientific Method
recognize the relationship between matter and energy
interpret the Law of Conservation of matter and energy
discriminate between the four phases of matter
explain the differences between physical and chemical properties and changes HANDLING NUMBERS IN SCIENCE (MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS)
· · · · · recognize the importance of quantitative measurements in science
identify the units of measurement in the Sl system
convert within the metric system
differentiate between accuracy and precision
use scientific notation to calculate ATOMIC THEORY
· · · · · examine the process of discovery from Greek philosophy to Dalton 's Atomic Theory and current knowledge of atomic structure
identify parts of the atom
describe the function of the electron cloud
describe be the function of the atom's nucleus
relate the mole to molar mass and the amount of atoms ELECTRONS AND THEIR ARRANGEMENT IN THE ATOM
· · · distinguish between an electron's ground state and its excited state
diagram electrons in an atom using Bohr's Model of the atom
explain the rules that govern electron configuration THE PERIODIC LAW
define the periodic law
recognize the value of The Periodic Table as a classification tool
recognize the importance of Mendeleev's contribution to the development of The Periodic Table
· describe trends among groups and periods
· · · be able to compare properties of elements based on their relative positions on the Periodic Table
· be able to determine valence electrons based on position on the Periodic Table · CHEMICAL BONDING
define what a chemical bond is as well as understand how and why they form
classify chemical bonds as ionic or covalent
explain what a molecule is
explain diatomic molecules
utilize valence electrons to determine compound composition for covalent and ionic compounds
· relate the Octet Rule to chemical bonding · · · · · CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS
· · · · · explain the purpose of chemical equations
become familiar with the symbols and format of chemical equations
express chemical reactions in the form of equations
be able to write and balance equations using coefficients
be able to determine mole ratios from a balanced equation TYPES OF REACTI ONS
be able to determine similarities in reaction equations
be able to classify a reaction as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement or combustion
· be able to predict products of a reaction if given the reactants · · STOICHIOMETRY
define Stoichiometry and understand the importance of balanced equations and mole ratios in the process of comparison or two subs substances in any given reaction
· solve mole­mole, mole­mass, and mass­mass relationship problems
· demonstrate comprehension of limiting reactants and percent yield · PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASES
· · · · · · · · describe the general arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases.
outline the points of The Kinetic Molecular Theory
explain the behavior of gasses using The Kinetic Molecular Theory
compare and contrast real and ideal gases
recognize the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature
describe in words and formula Boyle's Law
describe in words and formula Charles' Law
describe in words and formula Gay Lussac's Law
· · formulate The Combined Gas Law
describe the properties of Oxygen and Hydrogen and their allotropes APPLICATION OF THE IDEAL GAS LAW
· · · · · state Avogadro's Principle
derive the Molar Volume of a Gas
derive The Ideal Gas Law Equation and Constant
utilize the ideal gas law to determine the molar mass of a gas
calculate Stoichiometry of gases equations not at standard conditions LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
· · · identify observable properties of liquids
relate equilibrium vapor pressure to boiling
define LeChatelier's Principle of physical equilibrium SOLUTIONS AND CONCENTRATION
generate an understanding of what a solution is and how it differs from a colloid and a suspension
· explore molarity and moiality as well as common units of concentration such as ppm or ppb
· relate concentration of a solution to stoichiometry and aqueous reactions · ACIDS AND BASES
· · · · · · · describe the general properties of acids
identify common household and industrial acids
describe the general properties of bases
identify common household and industrial bases
describe the meaning of pH and the factors that affect it
describe the importance of indicators
be able to use titration and indicators to neutralize acids and bases NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
· · · · · · · · relate the nuclear mass defect to nuclear bonding energy
illustrate and explain radioactive decay
describe the properties of a radioactive nuclide
explain half­life
compare and contrast alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
describe the Parent­Daughter relationship
compare and contrast nuclear fission and fusion
relate nuclear chain reactions to nuclear reactors
Graduation Project
· Penn D.O.T. Project (analysis of colligative properties culminated by a cross disciplinary written proposal that shows the areas where chemistry is involved in daily life)