TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
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Traffic Incidents and The Role of Public Works
and Transportation Workers as
Emergency Responders
The Inter-connection with the
National Traffic Incident Management Coalition
Dave Bergner, M.A.
Superintendent, Overland Park, KS, Public Works
IMSA Representative to the NTIMC
APWA Representative to FEMA National Advisory Council, NIMS
ITE/ FHWA CONFERENCE On TRAFFIC OPERATIONS FOR
PLANNED AND UNPLANNED SPECIAL EVENTS
March 26, 2009, Phoenix, AZ
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Traffic Incident Management
Learning Objectives:
• The Need for Traffic Incident Management
• Overview of the NTIMC and the National Unified Goal
• NIMS, ICS, UCS and the National Response Framework
• The Role of Public Works and Transportation Employees in
Disaster, Emergency and Planned Events
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TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT…
The Need is Critical
It’s busier and more dangerous than ever…
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What Is a “Traffic Incident”?
Any unplanned event or occurrence that disrupts, hinders or
otherwise interferes with the normal flow of traffic and that usually
requires response from public and private sources to mitigate.
Duration is usually short-term (30-90 minutes) but major incidents
can last several hours or longer. The typical causes are:
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Vehicle crashes, including single-vehicle accidents
Vehicle breakdowns and fires
Non-accident related medical emergencies
Debris or animals in roadway
Flooding on roadway; heavy smoke across roadway
Pavement damage
Bridge, overpass or tunnel failures
Law enforcement activities
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What is the NTIMC?
The National Traffic Incident Management Coalition (NTIMC) is a
unique forum where national organizations concerned with traffic
incident response …Emergency Medical Services, Fire, Law
Enforcement, Public Safety Communications, Towing and Recovery,
and Transportation and Public Works communities…work together to…
promote multi-disciplinary, multi-jurisdictional Traffic Incident
Management (TIM) programs to achieve enhanced responder safety;
safe, quick traffic incident clearance; and prompt, reliable,
interoperable communications.
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NTIMC Represents Traffic Incident
Management (TIM) Partners
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Transportation
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Fire & Rescue
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Emergency Medical Services
Public Safety Communications
Towing & Recovery
Law Enforcement
Commercial Carriers
the Public
(AASHTO, ATSSA, FHWA, IMSA,
ITE, ITSA, I-95 CC, TRB)
(Emergency Responder Safety
Institute, IAFC, IAFF, NFPA, NVFC,
USFA, CVVFA)
(NASEMSO)
(APSCO, NENA)
(TRAA)
(IACP)
(ATA/ATRI,)
(AAA, APTA)
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What Is The National Unified Goal For
Traffic Incident Management?
The Traffic Incident Management National Unified GOAL is:
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Responder Safety
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Safe, Quick Clearance
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Prompt, Reliable, Interoperable Communications
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Achieving the National Unified Goal
NTIMC will achieve the three major objectives of the
National Unified Goal by implementing 18 strategies.
6 NUG Strategies are cross-cutting:
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TIM Partnerships and Programs
Multidisciplinary NIMS and TIM Training
Goals for Performance and Progress
TIM Technology
Effective TIM Policies
Awareness and Education Partnerships
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Training…
All traffic incident responders both government and privatesector should be trained in NIMS, including the
Incident Command System (ICS) and Unified
Command (UC) procedures.
Explanation: Multidisciplinary training is a key mechanism
for achieving the objectives of the National Unified Goal.
NTIMC will develop recommendations for multidisciplinary
training curricula …including both classroom and interactive
training components… for traffic incident responders.
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Multi-Disciplinary Core Competencies
SCENE ARRIVAL
All traffic incident responders need to be trained to ensure scene safety
and efficient scene management.
COMMAND
Responders function within a chain of command that recognizes and
supports the missions of all. For more complex incidents implementation
of Unified Command principles may be required.
ONGOING SCENE SAFETY
All responders should know how to correct unsafe conditions at an
incident scene, working through the chain of command.
Advanced traffic control (advance warning signs, cones, flaggers, etc.),
meeting MUTCD 6-I requirements.
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Transportation OperationsSpecific Core Competencies
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Size up to verify scene situation; prompt notification
through Incident Commander if additional Transportation
(or other) assets are needed.
Traffic control (per MUTCD 6-I)
Coordination with TMC and law enforcement regarding
closures
Coordination with traffic information providers.
Assist with vehicle and debris removal.
Assist in quick clean-up of minor spills.
Motorist assistance.
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Traffic Incident Responder Training
“Managing Traffic Incidents
and Roadway Emergencies”
National Highway Institute. recommended for mid-level
management and on-scene supervisory-level personnel from
law enforcement, fire and rescue, emergency communications,
transportation, towing and recovery, traffic reporting media,
and other agencies or organizations involved in resolving traffic
incidents.
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MAJOR INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAMS
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typically comprised of high-ranking individuals from a variety of
disciplines (e.g., law enforcement, fire and rescue, transportation)
who train for and respond to major incidents together and who are
available 24/7.
NIMS enables responders at all levels from various agencies and
jurisdictions to work together more effectively and efficiently.
NIMS promotes proven incident management practices,
standardized personnel training and certification, communications
interoperability, ongoing performance evaluation, and more to
enhance overall TIM operations.
From the FHWA’s “Best Practices in Traffic Incident Management”
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Domestic Emergency Preparedness
When we work side-by-side every day to manage the
routine incidents, we build the strong relationships and
cooperative policies and procedures we need to manage
the major incidents.
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Public Works Role In Emergency Response
A New Perspective
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Incidents Involving Public Works/ DOTs
Typical major natural incidents:
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Flooding, local and widespread
Tornadoes, hurricanes, severe windstorms
Snow, ice, blizzards and avalanches
Wildfires
Landslides, mudslides, cave-ins
Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions
Extreme droughts, heat waves
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Public Works Incident Involvement
Constructed-world incidents:
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Water, gas, oil pipeline ruptures
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electrical system black-outs
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Industrial fires, explosions
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Haz-mat spills/ leaks
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Major transportation accidents (auto,
rail, aviation, marine)
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Large structural failures (bridges,
tunnels, towers, dams, buildings)
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Nuclear and biological accidents
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Public Works Involvement
Intentional events:
„ Large-scale planned special
events (sports, entertainment,
conventions, political
demonstrations)
„ Civil disturbances and crimes
„ Hostile Acts (terrorism and war)
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And more …
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Pandemics
Homeland Security issues
Effects of climate changes
Extra-terrestrial Object Impact (!)
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Traditional Role and Involvement of
Public Works/Transportation Agencies
Reactionary
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Usually little advance planning and preparation
Respond after Police and Fire call
Communication, command and control not coordinated
When involved with other departments/ agencies usually confusion
Lack of definition and direction
Often independent, singular problems and actions.
Traffic Maintenance/ Public Works field employees knowledgeable and
compliant with Work Zone Traffic Control; other incident responders are
usually not trained in this.
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Our New Role and Perspective
Proactive
Public Works/ Transportation Now Considered
as First Responders with Law Enforcement, Fire/Rescue:
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Participation; a “seat at the table” with Police, Fire
Planning; develop policies, procedures, protocols
Personnel; relevant training, drills; review staffing and classifications
Preparation; pre-staging of equipment, materials, tools
Partnerships; mutual aid agreements with other agencies, private firms
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What Public Works and Transportation
Departments Can and May Handle
Incident site; immediate
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Traffic control
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First-aid
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Fire suppression
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Rescue
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Evacuation
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Site Security / Control
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Material Containment
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Debris clearance/ removal
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Fatality removal
General area; extended duration
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Detours
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Evacuation routes
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Perimeter security/ access
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Restoration of services
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Aid/ relief stations
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Transport supplies/ equipment
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Damage assessment/ repair
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Animal control
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Decontamination
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APWA Position on Emergency Management
the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) –
– recognized four “first responder” disciplines to any
emergency: law enforcement, emergency medical
services, the fire service, and public works.
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 8 has again
recognized public works as a first responder.
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Emergency Management Planning
The Four Essential Elements of a
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan:
Prevention
„Preparedness
„Response
„Recovery
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Elements of Emergency Management
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Prevention/Mitigation
„ Inventory of assets
„ Assessment of strengths,
weaknesses
„ Remediation (repair, restoration)
„ Enhancements and
improvements
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Elements of Emergency Management
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Preparedness
„planning (typical and worst-case)
„Training
„Equipping
„logistical support
(mutual –aid, contractors)
„Staging
„Drilling
„Contingencies
„Continuity
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Elements of Emergency Management
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Response
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Primary –initial actions such as site
safety and security, rescue, first-aid,
fire suppression, traffic control
Secondary- removal of victims,
clearance of damaged vehicles and
debris, additional traffic control
measures for extended periods, aid
investigations
Recovery
„ Short-term (removal, restoration)
„ Long-term (repair, rebuild)
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National Response Framework
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establishes a comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach
to domestic incident response.
describes how communities, States, the Federal
Government and private-sector and nongovernmental
partners apply these principles for a coordinated, effective
national response.
describes special circumstances where the Federal
Government exercises a larger role.
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Catastrophic Incident Defined
Scope
A catastrophic incident, as defined by the NRF, is any natural
or manmade incident, including terrorism, that results in
extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or
disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure,
environment, economy, national morale, and/or government
functions.
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National Response Framework
The NRF is built on the following five principles:
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Engaged partnerships
Tiered response
Scalable, flexible and adaptable operational capabilities
Unity of effort through unified command
Readiness to act
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National Response Framework
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Effective preparedness is a critical precondition for
successful response.
focus on the value of the following preparedness
activities:
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planning
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organizing
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training
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equipping
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exercising
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applying lessons learned
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National Response Framework
Guides the Conduct of All-Hazards Response
Through engaged partnerships…and by applying
common NIMS principles and response doctrine,
government at all levels can respond more effectively
to incidents and better serve our communities and the
nation.
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National Response Framework
Emergency Support Function (ESF) #1 –
Transportation
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Provides support to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) by
assisting Federal, State, tribal, and local governmental entities,
voluntary organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and the
private sector in the management of transportation systems and
infrastructure during domestic threats or in response to incidents.
Participates in prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and
mitigation activities… ensuring the safety and security of the national
transportation system
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National Response Framework
ESF #1
„ provides DHS with a single point to obtain key
transportation-related information, planning, and
emergency management, including prevention,
preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation
capabilities.
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integrates DOT and support agency capabilities and
resources into the NRF and the National Incident
Management System (NIMS).
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National Response Framework
Emergency Support Function (ESF) #3 – Public Works
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provides public works and engineering-related support for domestic
incident management to include:
preparedness
response
recovery actions
State, Tribal, and Local Governments „
responsible for their own public works and infrastructures
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have the primary responsibility for mitigation, preparedness, response,
and recovery.
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are fully and consistently integrated into ESF #3 activities.
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What You Can Do Now
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Develop an Emergency Operations Plan or review
and revise existing plan
Make training and preparation a priority;
NIMS mandatory**
Collaborate with other departments
and agencies
Include in budgets as a standard,
recurring expense
**FHWA Simplified Guide to the Incident Command
Structure for Transportation Professionals
(www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ics guide)
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National Incident Management System
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Mandated by the Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5
Born out of confusion managing responders and volunteers
at national/large scale disaster such as the Oklahoma City
bombing in 1995, The Terrorist Attack during 9/11, &
Hurricanes Katrina & Rita
Sets standards for resource management across country
Established credentials, resource typing and response
teams
For use in disasters when response needs exceed local and
state resources
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What is the National Incident
Management System?
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Comprehensive, nationwide systematic approach to
incident management
Core set of doctrine, concepts, principles, terminology and
organizational processes for all hazards
Essential principles for a common operating picture and
interoperability of communications and information
management
Standardized resource management procedures for
coordination among different jurisdictions and
organizations
Scalable and applicable for all incidents
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NIMS Components
Built on existing structures, such as the Incident Command
System (ICS), NIMS creates a proactive system to assist
those responding to incidents or planned events. NIMS
focuses on five key areas, or components.
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Preparedness
Communications and Information Management
Resource Management
Command and Management
Ongoing Management and Maintenance
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NIMS Credentialing
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Provides a basis to qualify and authenticate personnel
Identifies baseline knowledge, skills, and abilities to
assist in outlining training and experience for personnel
responding to emergencies or disasters.
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NIMS Resource Typing
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Provides a common basis for requesting resources to
include equipment and teams for mutual aid
Provides a base-line of common language and
terminology
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Key Benefits of NIMS
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Enhances organizational and technological interoperability
and cooperation
Provides a scalable and flexible framework with universal
applicability
Promotes all-hazards preparedness
Enables a wide variety of organizations to participate
effectively in emergency management/incident response
Institutionalizes professional emergency
management/incident response practices
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APWA guidance on
the development of
publications pertinent to the
field of emergency
management
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
NTIMC Web Site
http://timcoalition.org
FHWA
http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov
NHI
http://www.nhi.fhwa.dot.gov
FEMA
http://www.fema.gov
AASHTO
http://www.transportation.org
ITE
http://www.ite.org
ITS America
http://www.itsa.org/tsag
NCUCTD
http://www.ncutcd.org
APWA
http://www.apwa.net
Traffic Incident Management Community of Practice
http://timexchange.org
National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse
http://wzsafety.tamu.edu
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Ready To Roll…
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Current TIM Research Projects
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TRB: SHRP (Strategic Highway Research Project) 2 L 12; establish
foundation for certifying capability of responders to achieve the NUG
TRB/ NCHRP ( National Cooperative Highway Research Program)
Project 20-07, Task 239; study will identify and delineate incident –
management and emergency-response functions that should be the
focus of future training efforts and job responsibilities.
TRB/ NCHRP Project 20-07, Task 221; study will develop a tool for
establishing coordinated TIM programs on local, state and regional
bases.
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