International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 3, February 2014)
International Conference on Trends in Mechanical, Aeronautical, Computer, Civil, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICMACE14)
Anti-lock Braking System with ESC and Crash Location
Sensing with GSM
J.Jafnie Evangeline1, Dr.J.Shekaina2
PG Student, Department of ECE, CSI Institute of Technology, Thovalai.
2
Professor, Department of ECE, CSI Institute of Technology, Thovalai.
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]
1
Abstract—The integration of rollover prevention and
According to National Highway Traffic Safety
yaw stability control objectives in electronic stability
Administration’s records, although there were nearly 11
control (ESC) has traditionally been done based on a
million crashes in 2002, only 3% involved rollover.
priority calculation. The control system nominally
However, there were more than 10 000 deaths in rollover
focuses on yaw stability control until a danger of rollover
crashes.
is detected. When a danger of rollover is detected, the
Thus, rollover accidents caused nearly 33% of all
control system switches from yaw stability control to
deaths from passenger vehicle crashes. Active roll
rollover prevention. In this paper an advanced electronic
prevention that prevents vehicles from untripped rollover
active stability control system with ABS assistance for e-
accidents has been developed by several automotive
bicycles providing the much needed vehicle roll stability
manufacturers, e.g., Ford and Volvo. Several types of
control in situations such as high speed cornering etc
actuation systems can be used in rollover prevention. The
was provided. In case of an emergency situation such as
differential braking system has received the most attention
crashing, GSM will send the bicycle accident location to
from researchers and is used to prevent rollover accidents by
nearby
reducing the yaw rate of a vehicle and its speed. In addition,
hospitals/emergency
services
without
the
assistance of costlier GPS tracking systems.
Keywords—Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Micro
Electro Mechanical System / Sensor (MEMS), Electronic
stability control (ESC), Global system for mobile
communications (GSM), Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
drive
torque
management,
steer-by-wire,
and
active
suspension systems can be potentially used to prevent
rollover accidents.
To make these systems effective in their tasks, the
accurate detection of the danger of vehicle rollover is
necessary. Hence we are proposing an innovative control
I.
INTRODUCTION
Vehicles with increased dimensions and weights
are known to be at higher risk of rollover. Rollover
architecture which allows us to enhance the active safety
and stability of the vehicle while guaranteeing a good
driving feeling.
accidents are dangerous.
Tamizhan College of Engineering and Technology (ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution) INDIA
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 3, February 2014)
International Conference on Trends in Mechanical, Aeronautical, Computer, Civil, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICMACE14)
In this case, a desired trajectory can indeed be
I I.LITERATURE SURVEY
achieved by the vehicle at the same speed with a much
The integration of rollover prevention and yaw
stability control objectives in electronic stability control
(ESC) has traditionally been done based on a priority
calculation. The control system nominally focuses on yaw
smaller danger of rollover. This is a novel and viable
approach to integrating the yaw stability and rollover
prevention functions and eliminating the inherent tradeoffs
in the performance of both.
stability control until a danger of rollover is detected. When
a danger of rollover is detected, the control system switches
III.PROBLEM STATEMENT
from yaw stability control to rollover prevention. In
previous paper it focuses on an integrated ESC system
Although ABS for two wheeled vehicles are
wherein the objectives of yaw stability and rollover
available, the design of a two wheeled vehicle stability
prevention are addressed simultaneously, rather than one at
control system constitutes quite a challenging task due to the
a time. First, it shows that staying on a desired planar
complexity of two-wheeled vehicles dynamics and to the
trajectory at a specified speed results in an invariant rollover
strong interaction between the vehicle and the driver. For
index. This implies that rollover prevention can be achieved
this reason, there is no solution commercially available for
whenever there is a danger of rollover only by reducing
two wheeled vehicles that have an active stability control
vehicle speed, since changing the desired vehicle trajectory
system.
is not a desirable option. In this regard, it is shown that a
But in countries like India, two wheeled vehicles
vehicle that reduces its speed before entering a sharp curve
are substantially more than their four wheeled counterpart.
performs significantly better than a vehicle that uses
Hence we are proposing a project that designs an innovative
differential braking during the turn for yaw stability control.
control architecture which allows us to enhance the active
Second, the paper explores how the use of steer-by-wire
safety and stability of the vehicle while guaranteeing a good
technology can address the tradeoff between yaw stability,
driving feeling.
speed, and rollover prevention performance. It is shown that
the use of traditional steer-by-wire simply as an additional
actuator cannot by itself ameliorate the tradeoff. However,
this tradeoff can be eliminated if steer-by-wire is used to
invert the direction of the roll angle of the vehicle. A new
steer-by-wire algorithm that uses transient counter steering
is shown to change the location of the rollover dynamics
from the neighbourhood of an unstable to a stable
equilibrium.
Tamizhan College of Engineering and Technology (ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution) INDIA
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 3, February 2014)
International Conference on Trends in Mechanical, Aeronautical, Computer, Civil, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICMACE14)
IV.P ROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure 2: Block diagram of front wheel control ECU
Figure 1: Block diagram of bicycle dashboard ECU
Figure 3: Block diagram of rear wheel control ECU
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 3, February 2014)
International Conference on Trends in Mechanical, Aeronautical, Computer, Civil, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICMACE14)
Active Stability Control system takes multiple
The third ECU is the dashboard unit. It interfaces
sensor inputs to find the optimal braking force to be applied.
with driver input sensors such as brake lever position
The system measures the force applied to the front and rear
sensors, accelerator position sensor and steering wheel
wheel brake levers, the angle of the vehicle, driver steering
position sensor. It is also interfaced with a Graphics LCD
angle, driver accelerator input along with the wheel speed in
that acts as front dashboard display and provides a GUI to
order to calculate the braking force. If it detects a vehicle
monitor the vehicle status. MEMS compass is connected to
skid situation or vehicle roll situation or wheel lock-up on
this unit.
one or both wheels, the controller calculates the braking
pressure needed for each wheel and applies it differentially
All three ECU are connected with each other over
to them using electrical motors, counteracting the rider’s
the most popular vehicular network called CAN (Controller
squeezing force on the levers. Adjustment Keypad allows
Area Network). CAN is an event-driven protocol that is
the rider to set the skid threshold level at which the system
very reliable for automotive applications. To meet the real-
activates, allowing for different performance characteristics
time deadlines, and to make the system robust, the software
depending on the trail surface. Vehicle dynamics is sensed
runs under FreeRTOS, the most popular open source real-
using the 6-DOF Digital MEMS Compass module that
time kernel in the world.
integrates a 3-axis MEMS Magnetometer and a 3-axis
Each ECU is built around a 32-bit ARM Cortex-
MEMS Accelerometer.
M0 microcontroller, LPC11C14 from NxP Semiconductors.
Vehicle location tracking system reads the Digital
V. RESULT
MEMS Compass module that will be used for tracking the
vehicle without GPS. During a crash situation, sensed via
Thus the Active Stability Control with ABS
the 3-axis MEMS Accelerometer, the system automatically
provides vehicle roll stability control. And also the GSM
sends
will send the accident location to the nearby hospitals
an
emergency
message
using
GSM
to
home/hospital/emergency services with embedded vehicle
without the help of GPS tracking systems.
location data.
V I. CONCLUSION
The entire system has three ECU (Electronic
The rollover accidents are very dangerous. To
Control Unit) interconnected with each other. Couple of
ECUs dedicated for individual front and rear wheel control.
The wheels are controlled by two DC Motors, one for front
and the other rear side. The ECU interfaces with Rotary
Encoders to measure the speed and direction of the wheels.
avoid
rollover,
vehicle
stability
should
be
balanced/controlled. Hence designing a two wheeled vehicle
stability control system constitutes a quite challenging task,
due to the complexity of two-wheeled vehicles dynamics,
and to the strong interaction between the vehicle and the
driver.
Tamizhan College of Engineering and Technology (ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution) INDIA
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 3, February 2014)
International Conference on Trends in Mechanical, Aeronautical, Computer, Civil, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICMACE14)
In this paper, ASC with ABS provides roll
stability control in situations such as high speed cornering
etc and GSM will send the accident location to nearby
hospitals/emergency services without the assistance of GPS
tracking systems. Hence an innovative control architecture
which allows us to enhance the active safety and stability of
the vehicle while guaranteeing a good driving feeling.
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