What young people need to know about children and young people living with diabetes
Collaboration for Leadership in
Applied Health Research and Care
North Thames
What is Diabetes?
Glucose = sugar in foods What is Diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Glucose
Insulin
Low Insulin
No Insulin
=
Energy
Low Energy
No Energy
Around 90% of those with diabetes in the UK have Type 2 diabetes, and 10%Type 1. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented through healthy lifestyle, Type 1 diabetes cannot. Type 2 diabetes prevalence is rising significantly every year and is tracking the population rise in obesity.
It is estimated that in 2012, 9.7% of people aged 16 years and older 16.0%
have diabetes in the 14.0%
London Borough of Newham. 12.0%
If current trends in population change and obesity persist, the total prevalence of diabetes is expected to rise to 11.5% by 2020 and 13.8% by 2030
13.8%
12.7%
11.5%
10.0%
8.0%
10.4%
9.7%
7.3%
8.2%
7.6%
8.6%
8.8%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
2012
2015
2020
England
Newham LB
2025
2030
A local picture of diabetes
• Newham has the youngest borough population in the UK; the local
prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in those between 16 and 25 years is one
of, if not the highest in the UK.
• Type 2 diabetes in the young is a public health concern for east London
as it is preventable. A great proportion of children are at a high risk of
developing serious health complications in the longer term and are
also at risk for potential loss of life. The need to work with children and
young people across the boroughs to maximise outcome is highlighted
by this high percentage of children with Type 2 diabetes.
See “Type 2 Diabetes in children and young adults in East London: an alarmingly high prevalence.” A Balasanthiran, T O'Shea, A Moodambail, T Woodcock, AJ Poots, M Stacey, S Vijayaraghavan. Practical Diabetes June 2012;29 (5):193‐8). Who do you know?
[TYPE 2]
They all suffer from Diabetes and it hasn’t hindered their careers!
Diabetes warning signs
Frequent urination
Weight loss
Lack of energy
Excessive thirst
When sugar levels are not balanced
blood sugar drops Hypo (hypoglycaemia)
blood sugar rises Hyper (hyperglycaemia)
First Aid
Hypo (hypoglycaemia)
First Aid
Hyper (hyperglycaemia)
Managing Diabetes
A good balanced diet and daily exercise is the key to managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What is Carb counting?
• In people without diabetes, the amount of insulin released always matches the amount of carbohydrates eaten. • People with diabetes who use an insulin pump or who use injection therapy can also match their insulin to their food. This is done by counting carbohydrates and adjusting meal­
time insulin.
Short term and long term benefits
Knowing how to count carbohydrates and adjusting the insulin dose to the food that you eat has several benefits:
• Better blood glucose control with fewer low (hypoglycaemia) or high (hyperglycaemia) blood glucose levels
• More flexibility and freedom to eat:
• When you want
• As little or as much you want
• Traditionally 'forbidden' foods, without feeling guilty or affecting blood glucose control
Short term and long term benefits
EVERY 1% reduction in HbA1c
REDUCED RISK1
Deaths from diabetes
Heart attacks
Microvascular complications
1%
Peripheral vascular disorders
*p<0.0001
1: Stratton, Irene M., et al. "Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study." Bmj 321.7258 (2000): 405­412.
Quiz Questions • What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
• Why is it important to do exercise and have a balanced diet?
• How would you treat a hypo? A. fresh air B. water C. sugary drink
• How many people in the UK do you think suffer from diabetes?
A. 500,000 B. 5. 6 million C. 3.2 million We are working in partnership with several organisations Collaboration for Leadership in
Applied Health Research and Care
North Thames