MUSK OGA
Black Seminole Indians
of Mexico and Texas
~~~~~~~~~~~~
A Bibliography
For Further Reading...
AMOS, Alcione M., “The Life of Luis
Fatio Pacheco Last Survivor of Dade’s
Battle,” 2006.
APTHEKER, Herbert, "American Negro
Slave Revolts – 1526-1860," 1939.
BARTRAM, William, "Travels Through
the American Colonies," Phila. 1791.
BOLSTER, Mel H., "The Smoked Meat Rebellion", Chronicles of Oklahoma, V. 31, #1,
Spring, 1953.
BOYD, Mark F., "Events at Prospect Bluff on the Apalachicola River, 1808-1818," Florida
Historical Quarterly, Vol. 16, October, 1937, pp. 55-96.
_____"Haratio Dexter and the Events Leading To the Treaty of Moultrie Creek With the
Seminole Indians," Florida Historical Journey, Vol 11, September, 1958, pp. 65-95.
_____and PONTON, Gerald M., "A Topographical Memoir on East and West Florida With
Itineraries of General Jackson's Army, 1818, Capt. Hugh Young, Corps of Topographical
Engineers, USA," Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 13, October, 1934, 82-104.
BRINTON, Daniel G., "Notes On the Floridian Peninsula, Its Literary History, Indian Tribes
and Antiquities” (Philadelphia: Joseph Sabin, 1859), 172, 174, 197;
BUTLER, Grace Lowe, "General Bullis: Friend of the Frontier," Frontier Times, Vol. 12,
No. 8, May, 1935.
BUTLER, Horace, “When Rocks Cry Out,” 2nd Edition, Stone River Publishing, Fort
Worth, Texas, 2009.
CAREW, Jan, “Fulcrums of Change,” Africa World Press, 1988
CARROLL, J.M., "The Military Experience In the American West," Edited by Carroll,
Liveright Publishing, 1971.
CARTER, R.G., "A Raid Into Mexico," Outing, Vol. 12, April, 1888, 1-9.
CHARLTON, John B., "Battle of Palo Dura Canyon," Ft., Vol. 24, No. 7, April, 1947.
CLINE, H.F., "Colonial Indians In Florida, 1700-1823," quotes from manuscript owned by
William C. Sturtevant estate.
COE, C.H., "Red Patriots: the Story of the Seminoles," The Editors Publishing Co., Cinn.,
OH, 1898.
COHEN, M.M., "Notices of Florida," Univ. of Florida Press, 1836
CORRY, John Pitts, "Indian Affairs in Georgia - 1732-1756", Phil.
COUNTER, S. Allen and EVANS, David L. , “I Sought My Brother - An Afro-American
Reunion,” MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, London, England, 1981.
COVINGTON, J.W., "An Episode In The Third Seminole War"The Florida Historical
Journal, 45(1):45-59, 1966.
_____"Migration of the Seminoles Into Florida, 1700-1820," Florida Historical Quarterly,
Vol. 46, April, 1968, 340-357.
DIOP, CHEIKH ANTA, “Great African Thinkers,” Ed. Ivan VanSertima, Journal of African
Civilizations, Vol. 1, Transaction Books, New Brunswick, 1986
_____ “Precolonial Black Africa,” America World Press, Inc., Trenton, N.J, 1987
DONNAN, Elizabeth, "Document Illustrative of the Slave Trade",
FAIRBANKS, George R., "History of Florida - 1512-1842,"
FAMILY MAGAZINE, THE, Article, Author Unknown, "The Seminole War," 1836.
FELL, Barry, "America B.C.," Pocket Books, New York, 1976, 1989.
FLORIDA ANTHROPOLOGIST, THE, "Some Comments On The Seminole In 1818," ed.
J.W. Griffin, X(3/4), 1957, p. 41.
FORMAN, Grant, "The Five Civilized Tribes," Oklahoma Press. 1934.
_____"The Texas Comanche Treaty of 1846," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LI, No.
4, April, 1948, pp. 313-332.
_____"The Seminole Indians," 1969.
GIDDINGS, Joshua Reed, "The Exiles of Florida," 1858
GOGGIN, John M., “The Seminole Negroes of Andros Island, Bahamas,” The Florida
Historical Quarterly, University of Florida Press, 24 (July 1946): 201-6.
HARRINGTON, Lonnie, “Both Sides of the Water,” Rosedog Books, Pittsburgh, PA, 2007
HERSKOVITS, Melville, “The Myth of the Negro Past,” Beacon Press, Boston, Mass., 1941
HOWARD, Rosalyn, “Black Seminoles in the Bahamas,” University Press of Florida, 2002
LANDERS, Jane, "Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose: A Free Black Town in Spanish
Colonial Florida," Florida Historical Society,
_____ “Free and Slave,” in “THE NEW HISTORY OF FLORIDA,” anthol. edit by Michael
Gannon, by J. L.
LEGISLACION MEXICANA de las dispociones Legislativas desde La Independencia del
Republica Manuel Dublan y Jose' Maria Lozano Edicion Oficial, Tomo V, Mexico. Imprenta
del comercio a cargo de Dublan y Lozano Hijos calle de Carobanes, Numero 8, Banes 1876.
LITTLEFIELD, D.C., "Rice and Slaves - Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South
Carolina," Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
LITTLEFIELD, Daniel F., "African and Seminoles - From Removal to Emancipation,"
Greenwood Press, 1977.
_____"Africans and Creeks," Greenwood Press, 1979.
McREYNOLDS, E.C., "The Seminoles," U. Oklahoma Press, 1957.
MULROY, Kevin, “Freedom on the Border: The Seminole Maroons in Florida, the Indian
Territory, Coahuila, and Texas,” Texas Tech University, September, 2003
_____ “The Seminole Freedmen: A History (Race and Culture in the American West),”
University of Oklahoma Press, November, 2007
MYRES, Sandra L., “Native Americans of Texas,” American Press, Boston, Mass., 1981
PORTER, Kenneth Wiggins, The following is a listing of most of his writings:
_____ "No Rain From These Clouds," John Day, Vol. 7, 1946.
_____"Song of John Horse," Poetry, August, 1941, Vol. 2.
_____"Lament To Wildcat," Phylon, First Qtr., Vol. 4, 1943.
_____"Ballad of Adam Payne," U. Kansas City Review, Autumn 1945.
_____"Relations Between Negroes and Indians Within the Present Limits of the United
States," Journal of Negro History, 17(3):287, 1932.
_____"Florida Slaves and Free Negroes in the Seminole War, 1835-1842,” Journal of Negro
History, 28(4):390-421, 1943.
_____"A Legend of the Biloxi," A letter to John R. Swanton, Smithsonian Institute, 1944.
_____"The Hawkins Negroes Go To Mexico," Chronicles of Oklahoma, 1944, pp. 55-58.
_____"Notes On Seminole Negroes In The Bahamas," Florida Historical Quarterly 2(1):5660, 1945.
_____"The Last Ride Of John Horse," in "No Rain From These Clouds," John Day, 1946.
Copy from Mr. Porter in my possession.
_____"The Founder of the Seminole Nation: Secoffee or Cowkeeper," Florida Historical
Quarterly 27(4):362-384, 1949.
_____"The Seminoles In Mexico, 1850-1861," The Hispanic American Historical Review,
Vol. 31, No. 1, Feb., 1951, pp. 1-36; Chronicles of Oklahoma,
_____"The Seminole Negro-Indian Scouts, 1870-1881," Southwestern Historical Qtrly., Vol.
LV No. 3, 1952, pp. 358-377.
_____"Negro On the American Frontier," Arno Press, New York Times, New York, 1971.
_____"Billy Bowlegs; Holata Micco, In the Seminole Wars, Part I,” Florida Historical Qtrly,
Vol. 45, January, 1967, 219-242.
_____"Billy Bowlegs; Holata Micco, In the Civil War, Part II," Florida Historical Qtrly, Vol.
45, April, 1967, 390-401.
_____"The Cowkeeper Dynasty of the Seminole Nation," Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol.
30, April, 1952, 341-349.
_____"Davy Crockett and John Horse: A Possible Origin of the Coonskin Story," American
Literature, March, 1943, Vol. 15, pp.10-15.
_____"The Early Life of Luis Pacheco, nee Fatio," Negro History Bulletin, Vol. 7, December,
1943, pp. 52-64.
_____"Farewell To John Horse: An Episode of Seminole Negro Folk History," Phylon, V. 8,
1947, pp. 265-273.
_____"Florida Slaves and Free Negroes in the Seminole War, 1835-1842," JNH, Vol. 28,
October 1943, pp. 390-421.
_____"John Caesar: Seminole Negro Partisan", Journal of Negro History, April 1946, Vol.
31, pp. 190-207.
_____"The Negro Abraham," Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 25, July 1946, pp. 1-43.
_____"Negro Guides and Interpreters in the Early Stages of the Seminole War, December
28, 1835 - March 6, 1837," Journal of Negro History, Vol, 35, April 1950, pp. 174-182.
_____"Negroes and the East Florida Annexation Plot, 1811-1813," Florida Historical Qtrly,
Vol. 30, January 1945, pp. 9-29.
_____"Negroes and the Seminole War, 1817-1818," Journal of Negro History, Vol. 36,
July1951, No. 3, pp. 249-280.
_____"Notes Supplementary to Relations Between Negroes and Indians," Journal of Negro
History, Vol. 28, July 1933, pp. 283-321.
_____"Origins of the St. Johns River Seminole: Were They Mikasuki?" Florida
Anthropologist, Vol. 4, November 1951.
_____"Seminole Flight From Fort Marion," Florida Historical Qtrly, Vol. 22, January 1944,
pp. 113-133.
_____"Three Fighters for Freedom: Maroons in Massachusetts, John Caesar: A Forgotten
Hero of the Seminole War, & Louis Pacheco: The Man and the Myth," JNH, V. 38, Jan. 1943
_____and Wallace, Edward S., "Thunderbolt of the Frontier," The Westerners New York
Posse Brand Book, Vol. 8, No. 4.
_____"Wildcat's Death and Burial," Chronicles Oklahoma, Vol. 21, March 1943, pp. 41-43.
_____"The Life of Wildcat (Coacoochie) - 1809-1857," unpublished, in Author's possession.
_____"Freedom Over Me - The Story of John Horse, Seminole Negro Chief and His People,"
unpublished, in Author's possession.
Note: Mr. Porter was one of the first to thoroughly investigate the epic of the Seminoles in
Mexico. Everyone uses his research because he lived with the Seminoles in Brackettville and
Del Rio when many of the first Maskogo descendants still lived. Several of the old folks in the
area today remember Mr. Porter during his research tours. I communicated with this great
Author/Researcher prior to his death through letters and telephone calls.
PRICE, Richard, ed. "Maroon Societies - Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas," Second
Edition, John Hopkins U. Press, Baltimore and London, 1979.
RITCHIE, M. J. and CARRILLO, DAVID L., “The Armadillo And Twelve Others - Folklore
From the Texas Middle Corridor,” Eakin Press, Austin, TX, 1982
RODRIGUEZ, Roberto, “A Tale of Two Towns: Runaway Slaves and Indians Find Freedom
in Mexico,” Black Issues In Higher Education, December, 1992
SIVAD, Doug, “Muskoga: The Black Seminole Indians of Mexico and Texas,” Book-on-Disk,
2014
_____ "The Black Seminole Indians of Texas," American Press, 1984; 2nd Ed., TASALH,
1986; 3rd Ed., Malaglaska Pub., 1991; 4th Ed., The Sivad Group, Book-on-Disk, 2009.
_____ “Black Seminole Indians of Mexico and the Mascogo” plus historical bonus
“Muskogee Indian Underground Railroad to Mexico,” Book-on-Disk, 2012
_____ “A Bibliography – Some History and Lore of the Black Seminole Muskoga Indians of
Mexico and Texas,” Book-on-Disk, 2012
_____ "Black Seminole Indians of Texas," in "The Griot," period., Venice, CA, V. 1 #1, 1989
_____ "Black Seminole Indians of Texas," in "Gone to Croatan...," see Sakolsky, R. above,
pp 263-281;
_____ "Black Seminole Indians," Handbook of Texas, Texas Historical Association, 1997.
_____ "John Horse...," Handbook of Texas, Texas Historical Association, 1997.
_____ "John Kibbitt...," Handbook of Texas, Texas Historical Association, 1997.
THYBONY, Scott, “Against All Odds, Black Seminole Won Their Freedom,” Article,
Smithsonian, Vol. 22, p. 90-101, 1991
TYLER, Ronnie, “Fugitive Slaves In Mexico, Journal f Negro History,” Vol. LVII, No. 1,
January, 1972
VAN SERTIMA, Ivan, Editor, anthology “African Presence In Early America,” Journal of
African Civilizations, Transaction Publishers, 1987
_____ “African Presence In Early Europe,” Journal of African Civilizations, Transaction
Publishers, 1985
_____ “They Came Before Columbus,” Journal of African Civilizations, 1987
WOODWARD, Thomas S., “Woodward's Reminiscences of the Creek, or Muscogee Indians,
contained in letters to friends in Georgia and Alabama,” published by J. J. Hooper, The
Montgomery Mail Newspaper, beginning in 1857.
WRIGHT, I. A., "Dispatches Of Spanish Officials Bearing On The Free Negro Settlement
Of Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose, Florida," JNH, Vol. IX, pp. 144-195.