HOW
HOW
DOES
DOES
IT WORK?
IT WORK?
WaterWater
molecules
molecules
like each
like each
otherother
moremore
than they
than like
theyair,
likesoair,
thesomolecules
the molecules
on on
the surface
the surface
bond bond
moremore
tightlytightly
to their
to neighbors.
their neighbors.
This creates
This creates
surface
surface
tension,
tension,
whichwhich
helpshelps
raindrops
raindrops
stay together
stay together
and allows
and allows
us to us
fill to
cups
fill cups
aboveabove
the brim,
the brim,
or make
or make
a dome
a dome
of water
of water
on a coin.
on a coin.
Question:
Question:
But Why
But Why
do water
do water
molecules
molecules
wantwant
to betoby
beeach
by each
other?
other?
How many
How many
drops of
drops
water
of water
can you
can
fityou
on afit on a
coin before
coin before
the
the
water water
spills off
spills off
the side?
the side?
That’s so
That’s
cool
sothat
cool
part
that part
of Water
ofisWater
positive
is positive
and
and
the other
the half
other
hashalf
a has a
negativenegative
charge.charge.
There’sThere’s
got togot
be ato
word
be afor
word
it…
for it…
I wonder
I wonder
what it what
is? it is?
It’s It’s
called called
Polarity!
Polarity!
Answer:
Answer:
A lot!
molecules
The molecules
on theon
surface
the surface
pull in,pull in,
Water on
Water
the surface:
on the surface: A lot! The
Water inWater
the middle:
in the middle:
creating
a dome
a of
dome
water
of water
on theon
coin.
the coin.
UNBALANCED
UNBALANCED
FORCES.
FORCES.creating
BALANCED
BALANCED
FORCES.
FORCES.
Wow! Wow!
10
10
11
12
9
11
12
9
Let’s talk about BIG numbers
Name
How many zeros
Because
Because
opposites
opposites
attract!
attract!
Positive
Positive
lovesloves
negative.
negative.
EachEach
waterwater
molecule
molecule
is partispositive
part positive
( + ) and
( + )part
and part
negative
negative
( - ). Hydrogen
( - ). Hydrogen
bondsbonds
( ) ( )
form between
form between
the positive
the positive
and and
negative
negative
sides.sides.
13
13
1. Pepper
1. Pepper
Scatter
Scatter
How long to count that high*
6 (1,000,000)
9 (1,000,000,000)
12
15
18
21
24
100
Million
Billion
Trillion
Quadrillion
Quintillion
Sextillion
Septillion
Googol
8
THE SURFACE
THE SURFACE
TENSION
TENSION
OF WATER
OF WATER
IS ONLY
IS ONLY
72 DYNES
72 DYNES
PER CENTIMETER!
PER CENTIMETER!
Reality:
Reality:
IF IT WORKS
IF IT WORKS
WITH AWITH
PAPERCLIP,
A PAPERCLIP,
HOW ABOUT
HOW ABOUT
SOMETHING
SOMETHING
BIGGER,
BIGGER,
LIKE A LIKE
FLOATING
A FLOATING
COUCH!
COUCH!
Idea: Idea:
Paper
• Paper
clip clip
Tissue
• Tissue
paperpaper
or paper
or paper
towel towel
Cup•orCup
bowl
or bowl
Water
• Water
Materials:
Materials:
11 days
31 years
31,704 years
31 million years
31 billion years
31 trillion years
317 trillion centuries
Don’t be ridiculous!
•
•
•
•
huh?
Bowl• or
Bowl
plate
or plate
Ground
• Ground
black black
pepper
pepper
Concentrated
• Concentrated
dish soap
dish soap
Water
• Water
Method:
Method:
a) Place
a) Place
water water
in bowl
in and
bowlsprinkle
and sprinkle
with pepper.
with pepper.
b) Addb)aAdd
touch
a touch
of soap
of to
soap
the to the
surface
surface
of the of
water.
the water.
c) Watch
c) Watch
the pepper
the pepper
scatter!
scatter!
A googol is bigger than the number
of PARTICLES in the UNIVERSE.
That’s Google.
8
a) Fill a)
theFill
cup
thewith
cupwater
with water
and and
gentlygently
place place
a piece
a piece
of tissue
of tissue
paperpaper
on theon
surface.
the surface.
b) Carefully
b) Carefully
place place
a dry paperclip
a dry paperclip
on theon
tissue.
the tissue.
c) Thec)tissue
The tissue
shouldshould
sink. Ifsink.
it If it
doesn’t,
doesn’t,
give itgive
a gentle
it a gentle
push downward.
push downward.
Method:
Method:
•
•
•
•
MORE MORE
COOL COOL
SCIENCE
SCIENCE
WORDS
WORDS
14
14
Materials:
Materials:
Googol? Isn’t that the
name of an internet
search engine?
7
It’s likeIt’s
magic!!
like magic!!
Do it again!
Do it again!
A small
• A small
pin or pin
needle
or needle
Bowl• or
Bowl
cupor cup
Concentrated
• Concentrated
dish soap
dish soap
Water
• Water
4. Floating
4. Floating
Paperclip
Paperclip
Materials:
Materials:
That’s what I said.
7
Tip: be
Tip:
sure
bethat
sure the
thatcup
theand
cup and
waterwater
are not
aresoapy.
not soapy.
a) Fill a)
bowl
Fill or
bowl
cuporwith
cupwater
with water
and carefully
and carefully
place place
pin onpin on
surface.
surface.
Hint: tweezers
Hint: tweezers
may may
help. The
help.pin
The
must
pin be
must
flatbe
with
flat with
the surface
the surface
of the of
water.
the water.
It will It will
sink ifsink
it comes
if it comes
in at an
in angle.
at an angle.
b) Addb)aAdd
touch
a touch
of soap.
of soap.
c) Watch
c) Watch
the pinthe
sink!
pin sink!
A touch
A of
touch
soapofatsoap at
the edge
thedisrupts
edge disrupts
the surface
the surface
tension,
tension,
and a and
second
a second
later later
the pinthe
sinks!
pin sinks!
Method:
Method:
•
•
•
•
3. Floating
3. Floating
Pin Pin
Just Google
googol and you’ll
figure it out!
No, you said Googol.
2. Soap
2. Soap
BoatBoat
GET A SQUARE
GET A SQUARE
OF PAPER,
OF PAPER,
PREFERABLY
PREFERABLY
CARDSTOCK.
CARDSTOCK.
CUT THE
CUT
PAPER
THE PAPER
LIKE THIS
LIKEFOR
THIS
THE
FOR THE
BACK OF
BACK
THEOF
BOAT:
THE BOAT:
ADD A ADD A
DROP OF
DROP OF
SOAP SOAP
HERE. HERE.
THEN FOLD
THENTHE
FOLD THE
FRONTFRONT
LIKE THIS:
LIKE THIS:
THEN SET
THEN
THE
SET
BOAT
THEINBOAT
WATER
IN WATER
AND WATCH
AND WATCH
IT GO! IT GO!
Yahoo! Yahoo!
One touch
One touch
of soap,
of soap,
and the
andpepper
the pepper
shootsshoots
to thetoedges
the edges
of theofbowl!
the bowl!
*Assuming a rate of counting one number per second. A computer could count at this
speed, a person would need to take much longer.
5
5
6
6
www.jennyballif.com
www.jennyballif.com
available
available
at
at
A single drop of water has more than 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 water
molecules! That huge number with 21 zeros is called a sextillion, and it is a
TRILLION TIMES BIGGER than one billion.
More More
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Science
Science
Mom Guides
Mom Guides
The dewdrop is SUPER small compared to the lake. But a water molecule
(the smallest bit of water you can have) is MUCH smaller than a dewdrop.
I was hoping
I was hoping
for a puddle.
for a puddle.
SO WHATSOHAPPENS
WHAT HAPPENS
NOW? WHERE
NOW?DOES
WHERE DOES
ALL THE ALL
WATER
THEGO
WATER GO
AFTER itAFTER
RAINS?
it RAINS?
Dewdrop
on a piece
of grass
Who knows?
Who knows?
We
We
could end
could
up inend
a up in a
puddle, puddle,
groundground
water, or
water,
a river!
or a river!
Crater Lake, Oregon
THE water’s
THE water’s
moving moving
faster!faster!
Looks like
Looks like
we’re inwe’re
a river!
in a river!
Guide
Guide
to WATER
to WATER
Think of a big lake versus a dewdrop. Pretty big difference in size, right?
B
A
A
X
C
C
D
q
B
s
F
E
E
D
q
F
G
G
X