The 6th Hydrail Conference
Two Pioneering Hydrail Projects in Japan
and technical issues for the hydrails
The 6th Hydrail Conference, Istanbul
Keiichiro Kondo (Chiba University,
Chiba, Japan)
[email protected]
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
1. Back Ground
2. Hydrail project by JR EAST
3. Hydrail project by Railway Technical
Research Institute
4. Hybridalization technologies to boost
up the hydrails
5. Concusions
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
1. Back Ground
The 6th Hydrail Conference
Technical issues for the Energy supply
Electrified railway vehicle
http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/local/215.html
Diesel powered vehicle
http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/local/kiha58.html
○Silent and recuperative
○Autonomous
× High cost for the
×Non-requperative, noisy
Technical
issues for the conventional rail system.
electrification
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
Price and lifelong target for railway traction
application
Engine cost : 1PS/10000JPY => 3-5 mil JPY / Engine
Price target
Final stage : 1 kW / 10000 JPY (same as diesel engines)
Heavy maintenance: Every 4-6 years (Ave.40000 hours)
Life time target
Minimum 40000 hours (A heavy maintenance period)
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
Fuel cell can enjoy the both benefits.
-Electric railways without
the catenary
-Low cost, less maintenance
-Visual prolusion free
-Energy efficient
non electrified train
-Recuperate the kinetic energy
-Silent and high ride comfort
Auxiliary
power supply
Fuel Cell
(120kW)
Booster
chopper
device
1500V
DC/AC
Inverter
600~900V
Induction
Motor
95kW×2
600V
Li-ion Battery
DC/DC
converter
Wheel
360kW (SOC 20-60%)
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
Two projects in Japan
Fuel cell and battery hybrid experimental projects
-East Japan Railway company (JR East)
-2006 – 2009
-Experimental car basis
- 150kW PEMFC and battery
-Railway technical Research Institute (RTRI)
- 2006 - Experimental car basis
-120kW PEMFC and battery
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
2. Hydrail project by JR EAST
Reference
(1)JR East press release ;
” http://www.jreast.co.jp/e/press/20060401/index.html”
(2) R.Furuta, J.Kawasaki, K.Kondo,
” Hybrid Traction Technologies with Energy Storage Devices
for Non-Electrified Railway Lines”，
IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Volume 5， Issue 3，pp.291-297，(2010.5)”
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Aim of the development
View point: Railway operator
- Reduce the environmental
impact （Higher efficiency）
- Catenary less electrified railway
system.
Purpose of the development
- Prepare technically when fuel cell technologies
mature.
- Reveal the technical problems to apply fuel cells to
railway vehicle traction.
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Specifications
Number of vehicle: 1 car/train
Dimension:20m×2.8m×4.2m
Max. speed : 100km/h
System configuration
Auxiliary
power supply
Fuel Cell #1
(65kW)
Fuel Cell #2
(65kW)
DC/AC
Inverter
DC/DC
Converter
Induction
Motor
95kW×2
Li-ion Battery
Wheel
340kW (SOC 20-70%)
19.5kWh
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Efficiency
10%
Secondary
battery *2
*5
Fuel
Reforming, Electrolysis,
Iron making COG
Storage loss
*4
Fuel
Fuel cell
(hydrogen Stack
gas)
Hydrogen
*1
Ir) 89%
R) 65%
E) 60%
DC/DC
Con
-verter
VVVF Traction
Inverter Motor
Regenerative
energy 28%
Gears
Tank (*6) to wheel
37%
*3
*2
*2
*2
2.5%
10%
5%
2%
Mechanical loss
Motor loss
Conversion loss
Conversion loss
Generative loss
55%
Refinement loss
Ir) hydrogen delivery station utilizing
iron making COG: 11%
R) methanol reforming: 35%
E) hydrogen refueling facility
by electrolysis: 40%
*1
*2
*3
*4
*5
Nominal value of Ballard HY-80
Nominal value of fuel cell hybrid experimental car
Efficiency of parallel cardan driving devices : 97.5%
Quoted from the JHFC report (LHV-base loss)
We suppose that the battery is charged
with only regenerative energy.
*6 “Tank” means Fuel (hydrogen gas) .
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Running test
-Successfully running on a
commercial line
(experimental train schedule)
- Tests on Nagano area
-Max. speed 100km/h
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
3. Hydrail project by RTRI
Reference
(1) K.Kondo, T.Furuya, T.Yamamoto”FEASIBILITY STUDY
ON FUEL CELL RAILWAY TRACTION SYSTEM” The
22nd International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric
Vehicles Symposium & Exposition (EVS22), pp.13-19, (CDROM)
2006.10
(2) R.Furuta, J.Kawasaki, K.Kondo,
” Hybrid Traction Technologies with Energy Storage Devices
for Non-Electrified Railway Lines”，
IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Volume 5， Issue 3，pp.291-297，(2010.5)”
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Aim of the development
To contribute technically to solve these problems
To encourage the railway operators to apply FCs.
Modifying or applying conventional technologies
Safety issues
Anti-hydrogen-leakage structure
Anti-firing mechanism
Anti-explosive construction
Regulations
Hydrogen supply
On board accumulation
On board reformer
Hydrogen infrastructure
Power electronics
Circuit configuration
Control technology
Fuel cell and BOP
Durability/Cost
Efficiency
Load following performace
Innovative hydrogen application
Regenerative power
absorbing
Energy accumulation
measures
Control technology
Other innovative
Fig.3. Technical issues for fuel cell trains.
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
Possible application objects
Candidates of application of PEMFC Power Supply
Items
Benefits
Specifications
Auxiliary
Power Unit
DMUs for
Commuter
DMUs for
Express
Noise Reduction at
Up to 100kW almost constant
running.
power
Lower Emission.
Up to 500kW variable power
Noise Reduction at Large scale power storage for
running.
regenerative brake
Lower Emission.
800kW or more variable power
Energy saving.
Large scale power storage
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Test plan and results
R&D test plan
Phase 1
(2001～03)
Basic Study on
FC Chara.
Phase 2
(2004～ 06)
Study on the
Propulsion
System for 150
kW FC.
Study on the
Traction System
for 30 kW Class
FC.
Drive Test on an
test track and
rolling stock test
facility in RTRI.
Compleated
Compleated
Phase 3
(2007～)
Drive test with
hybrid system
with energy
storage system
On going
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
Full scale passenger vehicle with 150kW fuelcell
Power converter
18.75 kW * 6
stacks
35MPa Pressurized Hydrogen 150 kW PEMFC power
cylinder
module on board
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
Speed (km/h)
Output (kW)
Distance (m)
Time (sec)
Running Test on the RTRI test track
(w/o batteries ,up to 40 km/h,phase2)
Running test result
Running Test on the RTRI test facility (Up to 100 km/h)
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
○Specifications of the experimental train (phase3)
Number of vehicle: 2 car/train
Dimension: Length of a vehicle 20m
Max. speed : 100km/h
System configuration
Auxiliary
power supply
Fuel Cell
(120kW)
Booster
chopper
device
1500V
DC/AC
Inverter
600~900V
Induction
Motor
95kW×2
600V
Li-ion Battery
DC/DC
converter
Wheel
360kW (SOC 20-60%)
Fuel:35MPa compressed hydrogen
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
4. Hybridalization technologies
to boost up the hydrails
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
Benefit of Hydrail
D
○ ○
○ ○
(a) Diesel in non-electrified railway lines
・Energy storage on
board can cover the
drawbacks of t electric
traction system.
D
S
○ ○
○ ○
(b) Diesel and storage hybrid in non-electrified railway lines
S
●
・Hydrail may enhances
the electric traction
system with the energy
storage perfect
autonomous system.
●
Substation
Autonomous
●
E
○ ○
S
○ ○
E
S
○ ○
○ ○
●
(c) Catenary and storage hybrid type
Substation
●
E
○ ○
○ ○
●
(d) Conventional electrified railway lines
Legend D: Diesel traction system
E: Electrical traction system
S: Energy Storage System
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
-Effective to reduce
the FC cost for the
first commercial stage
-Higher power during
long period is
assisted by the
batteries or EDLCs
Nominarized battery energy (kWh/ton)
Hybridalization with the energy storage devices
1 .0
6 min.
0.8
R291(FC)
▲
0 .6
0 .4
E995 (FC)
▲
3 min.
●
KIHA E200 (Series hybrid)
●
KIHA 160 (Parallel hybrid)
0 .2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Nominarized battery power (kW/ton)
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
Traction circuit for the hybridalization
INV1
Ls 1 MCh 1
●
●
●
●
FC
IM1
●
●
○
●
IM2
INV2
●
Ls 2
●
IM1
●
○
●
●
MCh 2
EDLCs or
Li-ion batteries
IM2
Lb
○
SC
○
B Ch
(a) DC Chopper link circuit
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
Designing method of the hybridazation
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Energy [kWh]
6
⊿EC1
5
Powering
4
3
2
Em
Pst
Regenerating
⊿EC2
1
0
-200 -150 -100 -50
0
50
Power [kW]
100 150 200
Energy is determined for the powering the vehicle.
Power is determined for the regenerative brake.
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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Feasibility study to cut the FC power
by the energy storage.
4
200
3
150
200
Powering
150
-250
-200
-150
-100
Energy [kWh]
Energy for the energy storage
2
100
1
50
0
0
-50
0
100
50
FC power
Power [kW]
Regenerating
EtP
EesP
0
50
100
150
200
Pfc
250
-1
-50
-50
-2
-100
-100
Tractive Power [kW]
Power for the energy storage
-3
-150
-150
-4
-200
-200
PesP
Tractive Power (MAX) 211 kW
FC Power 120kW=> 90kW for FC power is saved.
The 6th Hydrail Conference
5. Conclusions
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
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The 6th Hydrail Conference
- East Japan Rail Co., the world largest
railway operator, has successfully carried
out the experimental running of their own
Fuelcell train.
- Railway Tech. Research Inst., a subsidy
research arm of Japan railways, is
studying the technical aspect of the fuel
cell train with their two cars test train.
- Hybridalization is key technologies to
boost up the fuel cell in the application
market.
Keiichiro Kondo, Chiba Univ.
Thank you for your kind attention
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