Posted on Sun, Jan. 19, 2014
High fliers: Manatees, race horses and baby sharks have
all been shipped by air from Miami
By Mimi Whitefield and Joseph A. Mann Jr.
[email protected]
WALTER MICHOT / MIAMI HERALD STAFF
DAUNTING LOGISTICS: Outbound cargo is moved in the American Airlines cargo facility at MIA on Wednesday Jan. 8, 2014.
As American Airlines passengers tilt back their seats and prepare to settle into their flights,
they’re probably not thinking about what’s traveling through the skies under their seats in the
belly of the plane.
Luggage, they might venture. But on any given flight, far more than suitcases is likely
traveling below them.
Along with the aircraft parts, cell phones, computers and computer chips, medical equipment,
and medicines — the backbone of trade in South Florida — there are some decidedly more
exotic and unusual cargoes that are shipped through Miami International Airport.
Think live Florida lobsters destined for China, monkeys, blueberries from Chile, gold
artifacts, stacks of currency, tissue and blood samples, and tropical fish in super-oxygenated
water. American has even transported lions, cheetahs and baby sharks in the belly of
passenger planes.
Cargo carriers such as Tampa Air Cargo, LAN Cargo, DHL Express, and FedEx fly even
bigger animals, including manatees, race horses and polo ponies. Hyenas, jaguars, a variety of
fish and fowl, Gila monsters, and goats also have traveled on all-cargo flights.
And remember that film Snakes on a Plane? King cobras — albeit well-secured king cobras
— also have been among the high fliers over Miami.
While most live animals are moved around the United States by truck or rail, zoos and
aquariums, owners of race and show horses and exotic pet dealers often choose air cargo to
minimize travel time and reduce the stress on animals — despite the higher cost.
For animals traveling internationally, air cargo is typically the best alternative. And Miami is
the second busiest U.S. airport, after Los Angeles, for transporting live wild animals,
according to Sandy Cleva, of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Office of Law Enforcement
at MIA.
“We see wild animals come through as cargo pretty much every day,” said Cleva. “We get
reptiles, fish, mammals, birds. Someone imported a hyena as a pet.”
Cleva is part of a team at MIA that includes 10 wildlife inspectors and a wildlife detector dog.
They keep busy enforcing federal air cargo regulations on shipping live animals, checking for
disease and watching for attempts to import or export endangered species.
“We have to clear the export and import of all animals,” Cleva added.
Over the last year, she said, Miami inspectors have seen jaguars that were confiscated in
Panama and imported by a U.S. zoo, a black rhinoceros being shipped to a zoo in Mexico, and
an Andean condor traveling to Colombia for release into the wild.
The Noah’s Ark of creatures passing through MIA also has included a giant tortoise, golden
poison arrow dart frogs, a blue-ringed octopus, sun fish, a hammerhead shark, red-bellied
piranha and giant isopods — crustaceans related to shrimp and crabs.
American also does a brisk business in moving pets — sending some 2,200 around the world
each month.
But horses, cattle, pigs and goats get to fly too, thanks to Alex Allesandrini, co-owner of
Miami-based Worldwide Livestock Services. “About 80 percent of what we ship are horses,
10 percent pigs and about 10 percent goats, sheep and cows,” he said.
“A lot of polo ponies come in to compete in Wellington from Argentina, Ecuador, Chile and
Uruguay. We get a lot of work from the racetracks,” he said.
Worldwide moves about 11,000 horses through Miami every year, Allessandrini said,
including jumpers, dressage and event team horses that spend six months in the U.S. and six
months in Europe.
The company also ships zoo animals and exotics. It has its own warehouse and specialized
stalls for shipping the animals and uses several carriers — Martinair Cargo, FedEx, DHL
Express, Polar Air Cargo, LAN Cargo and Tampa Air Cargo.
Plantation-based DHL Express was involved in one of the more unusual animal-moving
operations in recent years.
Last fall, it moved five manatees between Florida and the Midwest. As part of a U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service rescue and rehabilitation program, sick, injured or orphaned manatees
recuperate in critical care centers such as Miami Seaquarium, and then, when they are healthy
enough, are moved to other participating centers to put on weight.
On Oct. 11, the courier service flew two rehabilitated sea cows (Pixie and Wheezy) that had
been living at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium and another (Woodstock) that had been
staying at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden to Miami. All three were scheduled to be
released into the wild after acclimation at Florida facilities.
The next day, two manatees were flown to Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International
Airport from Miami for care at the Ohio zoos.
“Moving 5,100 pounds of manatees halfway across the country requires a lot of planning,”
said Joe Collopy, regional sales manager at the DHL Express Americas hub in Cincinnati.
He was the manager in charge of the move, which DHL dubbed “the sea cow shuffle.”
The manatees traveled in specially designed padded crates with open tops and were
accompanied by a zoo representative for their flights aboard DHL’s Boeing 767 freighters.
Care also was taken to keep the sea cows as far away from jet engine noise as possible so they
wouldn’t become stressed, and they traveled in a section where the temperature was
maintained at 70 degrees because manatees cannot tolerate low temperatures..
“This was a very complicated process,” Collopy said. “but it’s a very nice, refreshing moment
when it all comes together.”
In August, Zoo Miami used American Airlines to ship a harpy eagle — the national bird of
Panama — from Miami to the Harpy Eagle Center at Panama’s Summit Zoo.
The last harpy at the zoo in Panama died, and the young eagle, named “Panama” by Zoo
Miami, is being used in a breeding program.
“She had her own little first-class section in the pressurized cargo hold,” said Ron Magill,
communications director at Zoo Miami.
American Airlines also brought in the Miami zoo’s original pair of Komodo dragons and flew
two cheetahs from Johannesburg to New York City to Miami.
“It was a 16-hour flight and they were on a tight deadline,” Magill added. “They bent over
backwards for us.’’
What has American Airlines excited right now is the Florida-China lobster connection. Some
22,000 pounds of live lobster — packed on beds of seaweed and cold packs in foam
containers surrounded by heavy-duty cardboard — are now moving daily from Miami
International Airport to Shanghai.
It’s a business that didn’t even exist until the summer of 2012.
“A little over a year ago a Chinese businessman living in the United States walked in the
office and said, ‘I’d like to ship lobsters to Shanghai. Can you help me?’ ’’ said Carmen
Taylor, managing director for American’s Southeast U.S., Caribbean and Latin American
sales.
As China becomes more affluent, young, sophisticated consumers are seeking out imported
seafood — for status and taste.
American had never shipped live lobsters to Asia before so it had to develop standard
operating procedures for lobster traffic. Each container holds 30 to 40 Florida lobsters, and
the size of the containers dictates they must move aboard wide-body jets.
“It’s a premium product that requires premium shipping,’’ said Taylor.
When the lobsters arrive in Los Angeles for shipment to China, there’s a cargo operations
team waiting for them at the gate. The lobster containers are removed first and a special cart
takes them directly to the next plane leaving for Shanghai.
The live lobsters generally are in Chinese markets within five hours of their arrival in
Shanghai, said Taylor.
The cushion for completing the whole operation is about 40 hours. So far, said Taylor, there
haven’t been any claims for dead lobsters.
But it requires American to be nimble. Last year there was a delay in Chicago during a
Miami-Chicago-Shanghai flight that would have put the lobsters in jeopardy.
“We flew them back to Miami to replenish the dry ice and gel packs and the next morning
they were sent out on another flight,’’ said Taylor.
Tracking the movement of cargo, such as the live lobsters, can provide important clues as to
changing consumer tastes and growing affluence in markets around the world.
Right now, there’s a brisk trade in tropical fish and specimen fish that arrive from Lima,
Costa Rica and Brazil in plastic bags full of oxygenated water that are packed in foam
containers.
From Miami, the fish are shipped to pet stores across the United States, to Europe and
increasingly to Asia where national aquariums and private collections are gaining in
popularity. American has even shipped live sea turtles as well as baby sharks that are 4 to 5
feet long.
“The aquarium business is exploding in Japan and China,’’ said Nathaniel Miller, who works
for PHS (Perishable Handling Specialists), a division of Cargo Airport Services that keeps
customers’ shipments at the right temperature at the American Airlines cargo terminal in
Miami.
Not quite as wild but certainly colorful, flowers are a stalwart of the air cargo business at
MIA. Some 40,000 boxes of flowers containing millions of blooms arrive daily in Miami —
the flower import capital of the United States.
Different blooms require different care. Roses and carnations, mostly from Colombia and
Ecuador, must be kept cool, while tropical plants thrive in heat and humidity. A sign outside
the refrigerated area at the AA terminal adjacent to MIA warns: “No tropical flowers in the
cooler — They love the Miami heat.”
While some of the air-traveling flowers are used in bouquets and arrangements in South
Florida, Miami is merely a transit point for other blooms that are flown across the United
States, on to the big European flower marketplace in Amsterdam, Japan’s flower center in
Fukuoka, and even to Shanghai where flowers will be in demand for the Chinese New Year
that begins Jan. 31.
Some cargoes are seasonal: Right now it’s raspberry and blueberry season in Chile, the
Chilean cherry season starts soon, and the lobster season lasts from August to March 31. But
other food shipments such as frozen salmon filets from Chile represent year-around revenue
for the airlines.
Starting the second week of February, it will be all about seeds as corn and grain seeds from
the Argentine pampas move through AA’s 200,000-square-foot terminal en route to the
Midwest, said Taylor.
Miami is the largest cargo hub in the AA system, and it handles about 700,000 pounds of
goods, excluding mail, daily.
On peak days, it moves as much as one million pounds of cargo. “We see a lot of millionpound days here,’’ said Dennis Wagner, managing director of Miami cargo for American.
Although the cargo business accounts for less than 5 percent of AA’s revenue, “it represents a
much larger percent when it comes to profitability,’’ said Taylor. “In the past few years,
without the profitability of cargo, we would have lost a lot more money.’’
Walking through the AA cargo terminal is an instant lesson in geography and consumer
demand.
“It’s really a very interesting world, isn’t it?’’ remarked Taylor as she pointed out everything
from okra headed to Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to organic whole bean coffee from Brazil
during a recent tour of the cargo terminal.
Inside a cooler were fresh fish from Ecuador destined for Los Angeles, Colombian herbs
going out on a flight to Toronto that night and foliage that had just arrived from São José do
Rio Preto, Brazil.
“Here we have Peruvian asparagus from Lima going tonight to London,’’ said Miller, the
perishable handling specialist, as he surveyed three pallets loaded with 18,000 to 19,000
pounds of asparagus.
Miller said he used to love asparagus, but now, “just the smell of it reminds me of work.’’
Among other temperature-sensitive shipments are biologicals, including blood for
transfusions, blood and tissue samples for tests, and corneas for transplants that travel via
priority parcel service. Some medicines and other pharmaceutical supplies also must be
temperature controlled.
“These are critical shipments that are very time- and temperature-sensitive,’’ said Taylor
Not all unusual cargo is perishable or alive. But some inert shipments still need special
attention.
Take the stacks of bank notes that move to and from Latin America. They require high
security and are accompanied by armored trucks that stand by on the tarmac until a plane’s
wheels are up.
The American Airlines terminal has a special high-value cage of floor-to-ceiling wire mesh
where valuable cargo is placed when in transit. Companies often send their own guards that
stand by while such cargoes are in the cage.
Right before Art Basel, the cage was filled with artwork.
Another high-value cargo that frequently flies in the skies above Miami is gold. South Florida
is a hub for the nation’s gold trade and in 2012, $18 billion worth of gold moved into and out
of the Miami Customs District. Most of the gold comes in from mines in Latin America and
then is trans-shipped to Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates and the Dominican Republic.
The gold generally is transported in bars, but last fall American Airlines carried gold of a
different sort. It transported 200 priceless gold artifacts from Colombia’s Bogotá Gold
Museum to London where the antiquities are being displayed at the “Beyond El Dorado:
Power and Gold in Ancient Colombia” exhibition at the British Museum.
“There were a lot of escorts for that shipment,’’ said Taylor. “There were special security
procedures at every airport the artifacts moved through.”
The show runs through March and when it’s over, the gold artifacts will once again be
shipped through Miami on their way home.
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