Short Answer Question #1
Answer a, b, and c.
a)Briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native
Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American
societies in the period 1492 to 1700.
b)Briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native
Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American
societies in the same period.
c)Briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies
resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same
period
• A)One example of how contact between Native Americans
and Europeans brought changes to Native American society
was that Native Americans died in huge numbers. About 90%
of all Native Americans died within 100 years of Columbus's
arrival because they had no immunity to European diseases
like small pox and the flu.
• B) A second example of how contact between Native
Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native
American society was the fact Native Americans were forced
to assimilate by the Spanish. Native Americans in Spanish
colonies were forced to become Catholic, often times through
the mission system, and forced into slavery through
encomienda.
• C) Native Americans resisted by fighting back. One example
was Metacom’s War where Native Americans in New England
united against Puritans settlers and destroyed over 50 villages
forcing many settlers to flee to Boston for safety.
Short Answer Question #2
a)Briefly explain why ONE of the following options most
clearly marks the beginning of the sectional crisis that led
to the outbreak of the Civil War.
•Northwest Ordinance (1787)
•Missouri Compromise (1820)
•Acquisition of Mexican territory (1848)
b)Provide an example of an event or development to support
your explanation.
c)Briefly explain why one of the other options is NOT as
useful to mark the beginning of the sectional crisis
a) The event that most marks the beginning of the outbreak
of the Civil War was the establishment and repeal of the
Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise was an
attempt to mollify both the Pro-Slavery forces and
antislavery forces by giving both a new state, Missouri as a
slave state and Maine as a free state maintaining a balance
between the 2 sides.
b) The establishment 36*30’ as the demarcation line between
slave territory and free territory allowing for now slavery in
the Louisiana Territory north of that line. The repeal of this
line with the Kansas/Nebraska act enraged northerners as
an attempt by the South to expand slavery and their power.
c) The event that least lead to the Civil War was the
establishment of the NW Ordinance which was the 1st
attempt by the federal government to ban slavery in the
territories, but the issue of slavery was not settled for almost
another 100 with the result of the Civil War.
Using the 1883 image above, answer a, b, and c.
a)Briefly explain the point of view about the economy expressed by
the artist.
b)Briefly explain ONE development in the period 1865 to 1910 that
could be used to support the point of view expressed by the artist.
c)Briefly explain ONE development in the period 1865 to 1910 that
could be used to challenge the point of view expressed by the artist.
• A) The point of view being expressed by the artist is one where
America’s industrialists know as the Robber Barons were
exploiting their workers in an effort to amass incredible amounts
of wealth, and not sharing anything with those that helped create
their wealth.
• B) One of the best examples of this exploitation was the Triangle
Shirtwaist Fire where the female workers jumped from the 9th
and 10th floors of their building to avoid being burned because
the exits were locked in an effort to ensure the workers could not
leave their workplace for bathroom breaks. This event inflamed
Americans to create regulations that would protect workers at
their workplace which were not in effect before.
• C)A point that these industrialists were beneficial to America is
the fact that industrialization would never have been as effective
without the effort and desire of these men to become incredibly
rich. These Robber Barons helped to transform a rural nation after
the Civil War in the 1860’s to the richest and largest industrial
nation on the planet in just 40 years. Their industrial foundation
helped to transform America into the world leader it is today, just
like Alexander Hamilton envisioned only a couple generations
before these Robber Barons became America’s new kings.
Use the image above to
answer parts a, b, and c.
a) Briefly explain the point of
view expressed through the
image about ONE of the
following.
• Emancipation
• Citizenship
• Political participation
b) Briefly explain ONE
outcome of the Civil War that
led to the historical change
depicted in the image.
c) Briefly explain ONE way in
which the historical change
you explained in part b was
challenged in the period
between 1866 and 1896
• A) The image best exemplifies the concept of
emancipation as the three voters in the picture are no
longer under the system of slavery that denied the
majority of Freedmen their civil rights.
• B) The 13th Amendment abolished the system of
slavery throughout all of the United States and the reelection of Lincoln in 1864 ensured President Lincoln
that ending slavery was the desire on most Americans.
C) In the south however, they devised Black Codes in
an attempt to return freedmen to a system as close to
slavery as possible. These codes established unfair
laws where in a freedman could be arrested for
homelessness, even though owning land or renting to a
freedman was illegal, and the freedman would be
loaned out to their former master to serve their
sentence.
United States historians have proposed various events to
mark the beginning of an American identity.
A) Choose ONE of the events listed below, and explain why
your choice best represents the
beginning of an American identity. Provide at least ONE
piece of evidence to support your explanation.
•End of the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) in
1763
•Signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776
•Ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788
B)Contrast your choice against ONE of the other options,
demonstrating why that option is not as good as your
choice.
• A) The event that most exemplifies the beginning on an
American identity is the signing of the Declaration of
Independence in 1776. Beside the fact that it marks
the moment that Americans no longer claim to be
English citizens and declare war against their former
countrymen, it is also the moment when Americans
states how being an American is special because they
are all united in the rights they share, equality and
inalienable rights.
• B) The event that least exemplifies the birth of the
American identity is the end of the Fr/Ind War because
even though this is the moment when relations b/t the
US and England begin to break down, Americans still
see themselves as Englishmen that want to find a
solution to continue living as subjects of the King.
Use the image above and your knowledge of United States history to answer parts A, B, and C.
A)Explain the point of view reflected in the image regarding ONE of the following:
•Migration
•Technology
•American Indians
B)Explain how ONE element of the image expresses the point of view you identified in Part A.
C)Explain how the point of view you identified in Part A helped to shape ONE specific
United States government action between 1845 and 1900
• Migration of Americans moving
west is expressed in this image by
the movement of American
farmers moving west in an effort
to find cheap land. This is shown
in the image with the farmers in
the lower right hand corner
plowing their field that has been
fenced off. The federal
government made an effort to
helped farmers want to move west
with the establishment of the
Homestead Act where a farmer
could earn 150 acres of land for
$10 simply for living on the land
for 10 years and improving the
land.
• Technology is being expressed
in this picture showing
America’s movement west with
the image of the three trains
moving to the left or the west.
The railroads were added by the
government in helping America
conquer the west with the
handing out of land grants to
the rail road companies by the
federal government. Under this
scenario, for every mile of track
laid in the west, the RR
company would receive 10 sq.
miles of land, which they would
sell for a substantial profit as
the rr and availability of
transportation suddenly made
previously worthless land
valuable for a farmer who could
send their crops to the east for
money.
• United States historians have noted several events
that have expanded the power of the federal
government.
A. Briefly explain how ONE of the following options
most clearly expanded the power of the federal
government: the Civil War, the New Deal, or the
Great Society.
B. Provide an example or development to support
your answer.
C. Contrast your choice against one of the other
options, briefly explaining why it is not as good an
example of the expansion of federal power.
• A) The Great Society is the event that most expanded
the role of the Federal Government because
Government made a permanent commitment to help
those in poverty or those who can’t fully provide for
themselves.
• B) An example of the GS providing help is Medicare
where the Gov. provides health insurance for those
that most need it and those who probably can afford it
least as the elderly will most likely be retired.
• C) The event that expanded the role of the Fed. Gov.
the least is the Civil War. Even though the Fed. Gov.
took the enormous step of ending slavery with the
Emancipation Proclamation and 13th Amendment, the
Fed. Gov. failed to continue to provide the necessary
protection to ensure that Af/Am who were now freed
also enjoyed the same civil rights as white Americans .
Using the excerpts, answer a, b, and c
a) Briefly explain ONE major difference between Wiebe’s and Sklar’s historical interpretations.
b) Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1880 to 1920 not explicitly mentioned in the
excerpts could be used to support Wiebe’s argument.
c) Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1880 to 1920 not explicitly mentioned in the
excerpts could be used to support Sklar’s argument.
•
•
“Most [Progressive Era reformers] lived
and worked in the midst of modern
society and accepting its major thrust
drew both their inspiration and their
programs from its specific traits. . . . They
prized their organizations . . . as sources of
everyday strength, and generally they also
accepted the organizations that were
multiplying about them. . . . The heart of
progressivism was the ambition of the
new middle class to fulfill its destiny
through bureaucratic means.”
Robert H. Wiebe, historian, The Search for
Order, 1877 –1920, published in 1967
•
•
“Women’s collective action in the
Progressive era certainly expressed a
maternalist ideology [a set of ideas that
women’s roles as mothers gave them a
responsibility to care for society as well]. .
. . But it was also sparked by a moral vision
of a more equitable distribution of the
benefits of industrialization. . . . Within the
political culture of middle-class women,
gender consciousness combined with an
awareness of class-based injustices, and
talented leaders combined with grassroots activism to produce an impressive
force for social, political, and economic
change.
Kathryn Kish Sklar, historian, “The
Historical Foundations of Women’s Power
in the Creation of the American Welfare
State,” Mothers of a New World, 1993
• A) The major difference between the historical
interpretations of the Progressive Movement is that
Wiebe felt it was the actions of the middle class that
brought positive change to America, where as, Sklar
felt that women were central to the reforms of the
period.
• B) One way the middle class made a difference in
America between 1880-1920 was through the social
gospel which was the belief that middle class Christians
should help others wherever they could. Organizations
like the YMCA and Salvation Army come from this
movement.
• C) AN example where the participation of women
made a difference was in their effort to earn the right
to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment.