Name: Class: Date: 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide
True / False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. After her own escape from slavery, Harriet Tubman returned to the South many times, helping many enslaved
African Americans escape to freedom in the North.
a. True
b. False
2. Clipper ships could sail at speeds of up to 300 miles per hour.
a. True
b. False
3. The telegraph was invented before the steam-powered locomotive.
a. True
b. False
4. The steamboat, the steam-powered locomotive, the sewing machine, the telegraph, and the steel-tipped plow were
some of the major innovations of the 1800s.
a. True
b. False
5. Plantation owners with many enslaved workers were considered very wealthy.
a. True
b. False
6. Immigrants quickly forgot their customs and language.
a. True
b. False
7. The sewing machine increased the rate at which clothing was produced.
a. True
b. False
8. Wider and deeper canals allowed steamboats to travel on major rivers.
a. True
b. False
9. After industrialization, workers’ tasks changed.
a. True
b. False
10. After the invention of revolutionary farming methods, settlers left the Great Plains area.
a. True
b. False
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Name: Class: Date: 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11. In which state did the Great Train Wreck of 1856 occur?
a. Indiana
b. Ohio
c. Pennsylvania
d. Virginia
12. What was the main crop of the Deep South?
a. cotton
b. rice
c. sugarcane
d. tobacco
13. Based on the graph, how many miles of railroad tracks did the North have in 1850?
a. 200
b. 700
c. 2,000
d. 7,000
14. Based on the graph, which of the following statements is correct?
a. In 1840 there were more miles of railroad track in the
b. In 1850 the South more than tripled the miles of
South than in the North.
tracks it had in 1840.
c. In 1860 the amount of tracks in both the North and the
d. In all three decades, the North had more miles of
South had not increased.
tracks than the South.
15. Which area became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people throughout the South?
a. Deep South
b. Northeast
c. Upper South
d. West
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Name: Class: Date: 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide
16. Which invention ensured that raising wheat would remain the main economic activity in the Midwestern prairies?
a. mechanical horse
b. mechanical reaper
c. steel thresher
d. steel-tipped plow
17. By 1860, the United States had almost 31,000
a. canals.
b. clipper ships.
c. miles of railroad tracks.
d. miles of telegraph lines.
18. According to the circle graphs, what percentage of the population lived in urban areas in the year 1850?
a. 9 percent
b. 11 percent
c. 15 percent
d. 85 percent
19. According to the circle graphs, how much did the percentage of people living in urban areas increase from 1830
to 1860?
a. 9 percent
b. 11 percent
c. 15 percent
d. 20 percent
20. African American folk songs that expressed the passionate beliefs of the South's enslaved workers were called
a. overseers.
b. slave codes.
c. spirituals.
d. yeomen.
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Name: Class: Date: 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide
21. Which of the following kept the price of cotton high in the years before 1860?
a. cotton gin
b. demand in Europe
c. large plantations
d. slavery
22. What was one of the consequences of the cotton gin?
a. Deep South farmers grew more wheat.
b. Domestic slave trade increased.
c. Plantations hired more tenant farmers.
d. Southern factories quickly developed.
23. What caused the increase in Irish migration to the United States?
a. famine
b. free land
c. labor unions
d. prejudice
24. Who was the religious leader who led a slave revolt in 1831?
a. Harriet Tubman
b. Nat Turner
c. Frederick Douglass
d. Eli Whitney
25. What did workers do to improve their working conditions?
a. created factories
b. formed trade unions
c. held strikes
d. survived famines
26. Which South Carolina merchant opened a textile factory?
a. Eyre Crowe
b. Eli Whitney
c. Joseph Reid Anderson
d. William Gregg
27. What did John Deere invent in 1837?
a. Morse code
b. clipper ship
c. steel-tipped plow
d. telegraph
28. Enslaved people expressed their beliefs in religious folk songs called
a. hymns.
b. psalms.
c. slave codes.
d. spirituals.
29. By 1860, where were most of the country’s goods manufactured?
a. Northeast
b. Northwest
c. Southeast
d. Southwest
30. What problem did women face in the workplace?
a. discrimination
b. innovation
c. literacy
d. promotion
31. From which country did the second largest group of immigrants arrive into the United States between 1820 and 1860?
a. Ireland
b. Germany
c. Great Britain
d. Mexico
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Name: Class: Date: 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide
32. By 1840, what was the average workday for factory workers?
a. 6.7 hours
b. 8.0 hours
c. 11.4 hours
d. 16.2 hours
33. The main goal of large plantation owners was to
a. enslave people.
b. produce more cotton.
c. earn a profit.
d. build a larger plantation.
34. What were people called who were opposed to immigration?
a. anti-aliens
b. overseers
c. nativists
d. yeomen
35. The largest group of whites in the South was made up of
a. plantation owners.
b. rural poor.
c. tenant farmers.
d. yeomen.
36. Which invention filled the need for a method of communication that kept up with the industrial growth and fast-paced
travel?
a. mechanical reaper
b. railroads
c. steam engine
d. telegraph
37. The network of safe houses that assisted runaway enslaved people was known as
a. the runaway homes.
b. the secret passage.
c. the slave code.
d. the Underground Railroad.
38. During the 1830s and 1840s, what were people called who were opposed to immigration?
a. abolitionists
b. nativists
c. reservists
d. yeomen
39. Industrialization drew many immigrants to live in a. farm communities.
b. large cities.
c. factory housing.
d. rural areas.
40. In general, what did farmers and factory owners in the South use in order to transport their goods?
a. canals
b. horse-drawn carts
c. natural waterways
d. railroads
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Name: Class: Date: 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. strike
b. Know-Nothing Party
c. Macon B. Allen
d. prejudice
e. Sarah G. Bagley
41. a refusal to work
42. unfair opinion not based on fact
43. became a licensed lawyer
44. founded Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization
45. formed by nativists in 1849
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. credit
b. legal
c. literacy
d. short in duration
e. tenant farmers
46. ability to read and write
47. farmed landlords' estates
48. brief
49. to purchase goods with loaned money
50. permitted by law
Essay
51. In the South, what was the relationship between increased cotton production and the increased number of enslaved
African Americans?
52. Why did industry develop more slowly in the South than it did in the North?
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