9.3 A Time of Conflict
September 18, 2012
Reading Check
9/18/2012
Impressment
1. What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?
the act of forcing an individual or group of
individuals to serve in the navy commonly
practiced by the British Navy in the early 19th
2. What continent were the Barbary Pirates from?
century.
3. What happened to some Americans Napoleon agreed to trade with?
4. Who were the War Hawks? Name one.
5. What was Tecumseh's goal in regard to Indian unity?
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Sep 17­1:08 PM
1. What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?
­ Banned the United States from foreign trade
2. What continent were the Barbary Pirates from?
­ Africa
3. Can you explain neutral rights on the ocean?
­ The right to sail the sea and not take sides
4. Who were the War Hawks? Name one.
­ Group of young southern congress men who wanted to go to war with Britain
­Henry Clay KY and John Calhoun SC
How did we get here?
Thomas Jefferson
­ President from 1801­1809
­ Louisiana Purchase 1803
­ Avid Freetrader
­ Freedom of the Seas
5. What was Tecumseh's goal in regard to Indian unity?
­ Tecumseh wanted to unite and allign all groups of Native Americans to halt the
expansion of European­Americans
Sep 18­7:26 AM
Jefferson Gets Reelected Sep 17­9:22 AM
The overseas trade, while profitable, was also risky.
­ What things would make travel risky?
­ Wins by a landslide over Charles Pickney 162 to 14
­ Jefferson establishes good relations in peace time with other nations
­ The United States has a prosperous foreign trade record
­Problems in Europe and North Africa soon become problems for the United States
­ The US's prosperity came with the idea of "Freedom of the Seas"
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Sep 17­10:00 AM
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9.3 A Time of Conflict
Problems
­ Barbary Pirates
September 18, 2012
Reaction from the Brits
­ France and Britain went to war in 1803, US was neutral
­ If they want to beat France, they need to cut off their supplies
­ France and Britain are Navy superpowers
­ They put a BLOCKADE around the coast of France
­ America's prosperity depends on freedom of the seas
­ France and Britain are growing impatient of a "neutral" US
­ America argued "Neutral Rights" to the sea becuase they were not in war
­ instead of allowing ships to get through, they were raided
­ British sailors were also poorly compensated for their serivces ­ so many of them quit or vanished
­ To get sailors back, they practiced Impressment
­ this happened to thousands of US sailors and citizens
­ Attack on US's Chesapeake
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Nationalism
political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation. It can also be the extreme loyal and admiration for ones own country
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Attack on USS Chespeake June 1807
­ One example of Impressment
­ the British ship Leopard stopped the U.S. Navy ship Chesapeake and tried to remove sailors
­ American captain refuses, British took citizens by force killing three
Sep 17­1:02 PM
Tripolitan War (Barbary Wars) 1801­1805
­ started by American refusal to pay tributes to North African nations
­ (Common practice amongst European nations)
­ Remember, Jefferson decreased the navy and defense...
­ he believed that shipping was too vital to the economy, so he spared some expense for this war
­ A strong American naval blockade brought the war to a close
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9.3 A Time of Conflict
Embargo Act of 1807
September 18, 2012
Madison's Presidency
­ A mid the results of the Chesapeake, the US decided to take action
­ Takes office under not so favorable conditions
­ Great Britain’s violations of U.S. neutrality sparked intense debate in America about how to respond.
­ Caught between a failing embargo and British impressing Americans
­ Some wanted war, others wanted an embargo
­ Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807 that banned trade with all foreign countries ­ Cries for war grew
­ 1810: Non­Intercourse law passed that allows for trade with the first nation to lift trade restrictions with the US: France wins.
­ Hurt Jefferson and the Democratic­Republicans: Federalists gained
­ Americans lost lots of money: no one would or could buy American goods
­ Jeffersons decides not to take a third term and James Madison is elected President in 1808.
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Domestic Problems
Sep 17­12:34 PM
Battle of Tippancanoe ­ The governor of the Indiana Territory, William Henry Harrison, watched Tecumseh’s activities with alarm
Frontier Problems
­ In the West, the British and Native Americans again clashed with American settlers over land.
­ Native Americans in the old Northwest Territory continued to lose land as thousands of settlers poured into the region.
­British agents from Canada began to arm Native Americans who were living along the western frontier.
­ convinced that Tecumseh had British backing
­ Met with Tecumseh in 1810: "Please follow the treaty of Greensville"
­ November 1811 Harrison raises an army and attacks Prophetstown.
­ Tecumseh retreats to Canada and his idea of an Indian Confederacy dies
­ The evidence of British support for Tecumseh further inflamed Americans
­ Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, had watched angrily as Native Americans were pushed off their land.
­ hoped to unite the Native Americans of the northwestern frontier, the South, and the eastern Mississippi Valley.
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War Hawks
­ Several young members of Congress took the lead in calling for war against Britain. ­ From the South and West, were led by Henry Clay of Kentucky, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, and Felix Grundy of Tennessee.
­ They saw war as the only answer to continuous British insults.
­ wanted to invade Canada and gain more land for settlement
­ Spring of 1812: Madison prepares for war
­ for the first time in history Congress declares a war
­ Madison is re­elected months later in the fall of 1812.
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9.3 A Time of Conflict
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September 18, 2012
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