Published in 2014 by Trinity University Press
San Antonio, Texas 78212
www.tupress.org
This book was first published as part of the Works Progress Administration’s Federal Writers’ Project, a United States federal
government project to fund written work and support writers during the Great Depression. It has been published in various editions,
but this edition replicates the original. Trinity University Press is proud to make these books available through the WPA Guides to
America Digital Library.
978-1-59534-236-2 ebook
Introduction
HE Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has a rich offering to display to those who seek to know
America. Its natural resources, its scenery, its people and their manifest interests illustrate a
vivid section of the contemporary life of the Nation. But there is more to be discovered than
the life of today and its conditioning environment. There is the past, and in few regions on this
continent is there as much of the significant past preserved in proximity to the vibrant present.
It is an interesting adventure to review that past, to make an inventory of the Commonwealth’s
successes, its failures, its triumphs, and its disappointments during the three centuries since white men
first crossed its threshold. Here are presented the highlights of man’s accomplishments within the
Commonwealth from early days to the present, together with descriptions of those spots which nature,
man, and retrospect have made interesting and important.
So rich a treasure house cannot be best explored in ignorance or under the inspiration of whim or
vagrant fancy, so those who know the State have sought to share their knowledge. This volume has
been written by citizens of the Commonwealth for their neighbors, and to their neighbors within and
without Pennsylvania they offer it.
ROY F. NICHOLS
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
June 27, 1940
T
Foreword
T HAS become a trite saying that ‘Pennsylvania Has Everything,’ but the difficulty has been that
few people know where to find it. Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State is the most
valuable aid to seeing and knowing Pennsylvania yet made available to the general public. The
historic and scenic treasures of the Keystone State are here located and charted definitely and
accurately as never before.
This volume, probably not without error despite the careful reading of numerous consultants,
cannot be expected to tell all that might be written on the historic heritage of the Commonwealth or
the contemporary scene. That would take several volumes. But here are the highlights of
Pennsylvania. From its pages emerge new bits of information as to our role in making modern
America. New sites and vistas are opened for the inspection of the tourist; old ones are called to mind
more fully.
The Guide is a valuable and interesting book. It should be a contribution to better citizenship
through making Pennsylvanians conscious of their traditions and backgrounds. In these troubled times
such a work may well aid in the preservation of those fundamental values so essential to the
maintenance of our democracy.
S.K.STEVENS
State Historian
Pennsylvania Historical Commission
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
July 3, 1940
I
Preface
ITHIN the boundaries of what is now this great Commonwealth, where a handful of
Swedes for forty years had lived in peace and friendship with the Indians, William Penn,
the English Quaker, laid the foundations of an experiment in government that might well
be termed a well-spring of modern democracy.
Here, from the four corners of the earth, came people of numerous racial groups and creeds with
their different cultures, customs, and tongues. In Pennsylvania there existed no relentless policy of
Indian extermination, no exiling of religious dissenters, no witch burning, no widespread traffic in
slaves, no barriers of race, religion, politics or class to keep courageous hearts and willing hands from
attaining security, freedom, and happiness.
Today the descendants of the first pioneers, together with those of later immigrants who sought the
opportunities afforded free men, have grown to more than ten millions. They enjoy that priceless
heritage and are living witnesses to the fulfillment of those concepts and ideals.
Is it not fitting, therefore, that such cherished shrines as Independence Hall, the Nation’s
birthplace; Valley Forge, where the cause of liberty lived through its darkest hours; and Gettysburg,
where the Union survived its greatest wound; should all rest within the borders of Pennsylvania?
This volume, one in an extensive series of guides to the American scene by the WPA Writers’
Program, relates this story of the Keystone State in addition to serving as a conventional guidebook. It
was begun by the Pennsylvania Unit of the Federal Writers’ Project under the supervision of Paul
Comly French; final writing, research, condensation, and editing was completed by this Project
sponsored by the Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction. The Pennsylvania Historical
Commission acted as co-sponsor in its preparation, and the University of Pennsylvania served as cooperating sponsor to publish.
While space precludes listing all past and present workers on units throughout the State who have
contributed to its preparation, credit for long and thorough research is due Charles Bomze, Clyde
Portlock, and Samuel Schaeffer. Major contributions to the text were made by Katherine Britton,
Irving Ignatin, George Lucey, Samuel Putman, and James Tighe. Tours were road-checked by Elmer
W. Cloud, George B. Reeves, Joseph Schulhoff, and Jacob Silverstein. Architectural descriptions were
supplied by Richard Fernbach and Thomas Wharton. Charles V. Waters served as copy reader for all
manuscripts, and Joseph A. Kilcullen as production consultant. A list of other consultants will be
found in the acknowledgments.
The book was edited by Grant M. Sassaman, with James M. Moore as editor of the tours section.
All maps were prepared by staff cartographers under the direction of William J. Hagerty.
As the Guide went to press before the 1940 census figures were available, the 1930 figures are
used throughout the text. There is, however, an alphabetical list of the preliminary 1940 figures in the
Appendices.
W
C.C.LESLEY
State Supervisor
Pennsylvania Writers’ Project
September 1, 1940
Contents
INTRODUCTION, By Roy F. Nichols
FOREWORD, By S.K.Stevens
PREFACE
PRACTICAL INFORMATION
CALENDAR OF ANNUAL EVENTS
Part I. The General Background
PENNSYLVANIA TODAY
THE PHYSICAL STATE
THE INDIANS
HISTORY
ETHNIC GROUPS AND THEIR FOLKWAYS
MINE, MILL, AND FACTORY
TRANSPORTATION
THE FARMS
RELIGION
EDUCATION
LITERATURE
GROWTH OF THE PRESS
THE THEATER
MUSIC
ARTS AND CRAFTS
ARCHITECTURE
Part II. Cities and Towns
ALLENTOWN
BETHLEHEM
CARLISLE
CHESTER
EASTON
EPHRATA
ERIE
GETTYSBURG
HARRISBURG
LANCASTER
PHILADELPHIA
PITTSBURGH
READING
SCRANTON
STATE COLLEGE
WILKES-BARRE
WILLIAMSPORT
YORK
Part III. Tours
TOUR 1: (Port Jervis, N.Y.)—Matamoras—Milford—Carbondale—Scranton—Towanda—Mansfield
—Smethport—Kane—Warren—Corry—Union City—Junction with US 20 [US 6–6N]
Section a. New York Line to Scranton
Section b. Scranton to Mansfield
Section c. Mansfield to Kane
Section d. Kane to Junction with US 20
TOUR 2: Milford—Stroudsburg—Lansford—Tamaqua—Pottsville—Millersburg [US 209]
TOUR 3: (Phillipsburg, N.J.)—Easton—Bethlehem—Allentown—Harrisburg—Lewistown—
Ebensburg—Pittsburgh—(Weirton, W.Va.) [US 22]
Section a. New Jersey Line to Harrisburg
Section b. Harrisburg to Lewistown
Section c. Lewistown to Ebensburg
Section d. Ebensburg to West Virginia Line
TOUR 3A: Allentown—Reading—Ephrata—Lancaster—(Conowingo, Md.) [US 222]
Section a. Allentown to Reading
Section b. Reading to Lancaster
Section c. Lancaster to Maryland Line
TOUR 3B: Ebensburg—Indiana—Kittanning—Butler—New Castle—(Youngstown, Ohio) [US 422]
TOUR 4: (Lambertville, N.J.)—New Hope—Norristown—West Chester—(Wilmington, Del.) [US 202]
TOUR 5: (Trenton, N.J.)—Morrisville—Philadelphia—Media—(Rising Sun, Md.) [US 1]
TOUR 6: (Trenton, N.J.)—Morrisville—Philadelphia—Chester—(Wilmington, Del.) [US 13]
TOUR 7: Philadelphia—Norristown—Reading—Lebanon—Junction with US 322 [US 422]
TOUR 8: (Camden, N.J.)—Philadelphia—Lancaster—York—Gettysburg—Chambersburg—
Greensburg—Pittsburgh—(Chester, W.Va.) [US 30]
Section a. New Jersey Line to Lancaster
Section b. Lancaster to Chambersburg
Section c. Chambersburg to Pittsburgh
Section d. Pittsburgh to West Virginia Line
TOUR 8A: Lancaster—Middletown—Harrisburg [US 230]
TOUR 8B: Junction with US 30—Latrobe—New Alexandria—Apollo—Leechburg—Kittanning [State
981, 80, 380, 66]
TOUR 9: (Bridgeport, N.J.)—Chester—Ephrata—Harrisburg—Lewistown—State College—Brookville
—Franklin—Meadville—(Williamsfield, Ohio) [US 322]
Section a. New Jersey Line to Harrisburg
Section b. Lewistown to Junction with US 119
Section c. Junction with US 219–119 to Ohio Line
TOUR 10: (Binghamton, N.Y.)—Scranton—Pittston—Northumberland—Selinsgrove—Harrisburg—
Carlisle—Chambersburg—(Hagerstown, Md.) [US 11]
Section a. New York Line to Northumberland
Section b. Northumberland to Harrisburg
Section c. Harrisburg to Maryland Line
TOUR 10A: Scranton—Stroudsburg—Easton—Philadelphia [US 611]
Section a. Scranton to Easton
Section b. Easton to Philadelphia
TOUR 10B: Lemoyne—York—(Hereford, Md.) [US 111]
TOUR 10C: Selinsgrove—Lewistown—Mt.Union—McConnellsburg—(Hancock, Md.) [US 522]
TOUR 11: Osterhout—Pittston—Wilkes-Barre—Mauch Chunk—Allentown—Philadelphia [US 309]
Section a. Osterhout to Allentown
Section b. Allentown to Philadelphia
TOUR 11A: Wilkes-Barre—Easton—Kintnersville—New Hope—Morrisville [State 115, US 611, State
32]
Section a. Wilkes-Barre to Easton
Section b. Easton to Morrisville
TOUR 11B: Allentown—Boyertown—Collegeville—Phoenixville—West Chester [State 29, 100, 73,
29]
TOUR 12: (Waverly, N.Y.)—Towanda—Muncy—Williamsport—Lock Haven—Altoona—
Hollidaysburg—Bedford—(Cumberland, Md.) [US 220]
Section a. New York Line to Muncy
Section b. Muncy to Hollidaysburg
Section c. Hollidaysburg to Maryland Line
TOUR 13: (Lindley, N.Y.)—Williamsport—Muncy—Sunbury—Harrisburg—Gettysburg—
(Emmitsburg, Md.) [US 15]
Section a. New York Line to Muncy
Section b. Muncy to Harrisburg
Section c. Harrisburg to Maryland Line
TOUR 13A: (Elmira, N.Y.)—Troy—Trout Run [State 14]
TOUR 13B: Sunbury—Pottsville—Reading—Oxford [US 122]
TOUR 13C: Junction with US 15—Lewisburg—State College—Water Street [State 45]
TOUR 14: (Limestone, N.Y.)—Kane—DuBois—Ebensburg—Johnstown—(Grantsville, Md.) [US 219]
TOUR 14A: Kane—Clarion—Butler (East Liverpool, Ohio) [State 68]
TOUR 14B: Ridgway—St.Marys—Renovo—Lock Haven [US 120]
TOUR 14C: Brockway—Brookville—Kittanning—Pittsburgh—(Wellsburg, W.Va.) [State 28, 66, 28,
31]
TOUR 14D: Junction with US 322—Indiana—Greensburg—Uniontown—(Morgantown, W.Va.) [US
119]
TOUR 15: (Jamestown, N.Y.)—Warren—Oil City—Franklin—Mercer—(Youngstown, Ohio) [US 62]
TOUR 16: (Westfield, N.Y.)—North East—Erie—Girard—(Conneaut, Ohio) [US 20]
TOUR 17: Erie—Union City—Oil City—Franklin—Butler—Pittsburgh [State 8]
TOUR 18: Erie—Meadville—Pittsburgh—Washington—(Westover, W.Va.) [US 19]
TOUR 19: (Keyser, Md.)—Uniontown—Washington—(Wheeling, W.Va.) [US 40]
TOUR 20: Junction with US 20—New Castle—Pittsburgh—Uniontown [State 18, 930, 51]
TOUR 20A: Rochester—Ambridge—Pittsburgh [State 88]
TOUR 20B: Pittsburgh—Homestead—Duquesne—McKeesport—Junction with State 51 [State 837,
Unmarked road, State 837]
Part IV. Appendices
CHRONOLOGY
A GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CENSUS FIGURES—1940
INDEX
Illustrations
HISTORY
Independence Hall, Philadelphia
Facsimile of Title Page, Franklin’s Almanac
Wayne’s Oath of Allegiance
Washington at Valley Forge
Birthplace of John Morton, near Chester
Fort Pitt Blockhouse, Pittsburgh
Birthplace of Daniel Boone, near Reading
Wayne Blockhouse, Erie
York in 1852
Williamsport in 1854
Crossing the Alleghenies in 1840
Alexander Graham Bell at the Philadelphia Centennial
Meade’s Headquarters, Gettysburg
Reunion of the Blue and Gray at Gettysburg in 1938
COAL, IRON, AND STEEL
In the Mines and the Mills
Eighty-ton ‘Rocking Chair’ Steel Cutter
Hot Steel Entering Reversing Stand
Rolling Steel, Clairton
Johnstown’s East End
Bethlehem
Statue of John Mitchell, Scranton
A Miner and His Mule
Anthracite Miners at Work in Tunnel
Anthracite Colliery with Culm Bank in Background
Steel Workers
Steel Workers Have a Game at Union Headquarters
INDUSTRY, COMMERCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
Grinding and Polishing Glass, Pittsburgh
Sun Shipyard, Chester
Lake Steamer Taking on Cargo, Erie
Boat Leaving Locks on the Allegheny River
Monongahela Waterfront, Pittsburgh
Oil Derrick in Northwestern Pennsylvania
Portable Sawmill, Central Pennsylvania
Titusville Oil Fields in the 1860’s
Limestone Quarry and Mill, near Hershey
Weaving Rugs, Philadelphia
In a Textile Mill, Allentown
Sizing Hats, Philadelphia
Locomotive under Construction, Eddystone
Building Giant Bearing, Pittsburgh
EDUCATION AND RELIGION
Penn Charter School, Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Old Main, State College
Bryn Mawr College
‘Old West,’ Dickinson College, Carlisle
Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh
Merion Friends’ Meetinghouse
Moravian Bell House, Bethlehem
Old Swedes’ Church, Philadelphia
Pulpit and Detail of Door, Ephrata Cloisters
Interior of Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe
Graveyard and Cloister Buildings, Ephrata
Old Economy Buildings, Ambridge
Bryn Athyn Cathedral, Bryn Athyn
PHILADELPHIA
Statue of Benjamin Franklin
Dock Street Area, with Delaware River Bridge in Background
Delaware River Waterfront
Broad Street at City Hall
Rodin Museum
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Rittenhouse Square
Interior, Poe House
Morris House (1786)
Pennsylvania Hospital
Weighing Coin, Philadelphia Mint
IN THE CITIES
November Dawn—The Mill District, Pittsburgh
The Golden Triangle at Night, Pittsburgh
The Golden Triangle
Mellon Institute in Civic Center, Pittsburgh
Gulf Refining and Koppers Buildings, Pittsburgh
Old Trinity, Pittsburgh
Sunbury, as Seen from the Hills
Wilkes-Barre
Education Building, Harrisburg
Hamilton Street, Allentown
Public Square, Reading
Scranton
Airview, Erie
Hill District, Pittsburgh
Easton: Lehigh River in Foreground
THE FARMLANDS
The Residence of David Twining
Amish Woman
School Children of the ‘Plain Sects’
Amish Woman ‘Speeding’ to Market
‘Hex’ Signs on Pennsylvania German Barn
Tobacco Field and Barn
Bucks County Barn and Silos
Along the Susquehanna, near Amity Hall
Rural Landscape, East Central Pennsylvania
Tilling
Stock Farm
Street Scene, Lancaster
FROM THE DELAWARE TO LAKE ERIE
The Susquehanna Trail North of Williamsport
Delaware Water Gap
Caleb Pusey House, near Chester
Keith House in Graeme Park, near Horsham
Town Hall, Forty Fort
The Susquehanna’s West Branch, North of Hyner Vista
America’s Longest Stone-Arched Railroad Bridge, near Harrisburg
Sleighing in the Alleghenies
Hunting in Fayette County
Fishing through the Ice on Lake Erie
Pennsylvania Turnpike
Maps
ALLENTOWN
BETHLEHEM
CARLISLE
CHESTER
ERIE
GETTYSBURG
HARRISBURG
LANCASTER
PHILADELPHIA (Central City)
PITTSBURGH (Golden Triangle)
READING
SCRANTON
WILKES-BARRE
WILLIAMSPORT
YORK
VALLEY FORGE
Practical Information
Railroads: Baltimore & Ohio R.R. (B&O); Central R.R. of New Jersey (Jersey Central); Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western R.R. (Lackawanna); Lehigh Valley R.R. (Lehigh); New York Central &
Hudson River R.R. (New York Central); New York, Chicago & St.Louis R.R. (Nickel Plate); New
York, Ontario & Western Ry.; Erie R.R.; Pennsylvania R.R. (PRR or Pennsy); Pittsburgh & West
Virginia Ry.; Reading Ry. There were 27 Class I railroads within the State in 1940 in addition to
numerous smaller lines.
Highways: 32 national highways cross the State, three of them transcontinental, and four north-tosouth. Network of State highways connects every town in Pennsylvania with the main arteries of
traffic. No State border inspection. State highway patrol maintained. Water and gasoline abundant
throughout State. State gasoline tax 4¢. (For highway routes see Tour maps.)
Bus Lines: Intrastate, interstate, and transcontinental bus transportation provided by approximately 50
major bus lines.
Air Lines: American Airlines (Boston to Chicago) stops at Wilkes-Barre and Scranton; Boston to Los
Angeles planes stop at Philadelphia. Eastern Airlines (New York to Miami) stops at Philadelphia; New
York to Brownsville, Tex., planes stop at Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Central Airlines (Washington,
D.C., Chicago, Milwaukee) stops at Pittsburgh; Washington, D.C., to Buffalo, N.Y., planes stop at
Harrisburg and Williamsport. Transcontinental & Western Air (New York, Los Angeles, San
Francisco) stops at Philadelphia, Harrisburg, Pittsburgh. United Air Lines (New York, Los Angeles,
San Francisco, Seattle) stops at Philadelphia, Bethlehem, Allentown.
Motor Vehicle Laws : Maximum speed 50 m.p.h. (not subject to change); at dangerous crossings, 20,
25, 30 m.p.h. as indicated by warning signs. Minimum age for drivers 16 yrs., with parents’ consent.
Reciprocal courtesy extended nonresident drivers with regard to license requirements. Hand signals
must be used. Personal injuries or property damage of $50 or more must be reported to department of
revenue and nearest police station. Streetcars may be passed on left on one-way streets, on right on
two-way streets (10 m.p.h.) in cities and towns.
Prohibited: Coasting in neutral; parking on highways (two-wheel parking permitted); use of stickers;
passing streetcars that are loading and unloading passengers unless at safety zones. (For traffic
regulations in metropolitan areas, see information sections in Cities and Towns.)
Accommodations: Hotels and accommodations of all types in the larger towns and cities. Tourist
camps on most main highways and immediately outside urban centers; in addition to rustic cabins and
attractive cottages, many have tearooms, swimming pools, and garage facilities; rates $1 to $4; open
all year.
Restaurants: Country clubs, tearooms, inns, and road cabin eating places within easy reach along main
lines of traffic.
Climate: Not uniform throughout State. Temperatures of 1oo° F. or higher occur in southern counties
of central and western sections of State in July and August. In eastern counties temperatures seldom
rise to 100° F., but relative humidity renders conditions oppressive. Garments suggested for this
season: silk pongee, linen, cotton, Palm Beach cloth, and other lightweight fabrics. In the northern
counties summers are quite mild. In spring and fall, rains cause sudden drops in temperature.
Travelers should be prepared to meet climatic variations by carrying light topcoats and raincoats.
Winters moderately cold, although temperatures of 20° F. below zero and lower are occasionally
recorded in the northern highlands and mountains of central and western Pennsylvania. In this season
it is advisable to be equipped with all the accessories of winter wear.
Picnicking and Camping Sites: Scattered profusely throughout the State are areas that provide hiking,
swimming, boating, fishing, and hunting. The most popular places are along the rivers, streams, and
lakes and in the Pocono, Allegheny, and Appalachian hills. In most cases tenting sites are provided, or
there are cabins or hotels for tourists.
State Parks: Thousands of acres throughout the State have been set aside as parks because of
botanical, scenic, or historical interest. Most of them have facilities for camping, picnicking, or other
outdoor activities. Important among the 106 State parks, forests, and recreational areas are: Alan
Seeger State Park, 12 miles W. of Milroy; Bear Meadows, 5 miles SE. of Boalsburg; Bushy Run, 7
miles N. of Jeannette; Caledonia, 1 mile E. of Fayetteville on US 30 (has a 9-hole golf course); Cook
Forest, 20 miles NW. of Brookville on State 36; Detweiler Run, 12 miles W. of Milroy; George W.
Childs, 3 miles NW. of Dingman’s Ferry off US 209; Greenwood, 20 miles NE. of Huntington on State
305; James Buchanan, 4 miles W. of Mercersburg on State 16; Joyce Kilmer, at Hartleton on State 45;
Leonard Harrison, SW. of Wellsboro on State 660; Martin’s Hill, 15 miles S. of Bedford on State 326;
McConnell’s Narrows, 8 miles S. of Aaronsburg off State 45; Mont Alto, 5 miles SE. of Fayetteville
on State 997; Mount Logan, 7 miles SE. of Lock Haven; Mount Riansares, 5 miles NW. of Loganton
on State 880; Ole Bull, 18 miles N. of Renovo on State 44; Roosevelt, S. of New Hope on State 32;
Sizerville, W. of Sizerville; Snyder-Middleswarth, 7 miles NW. of Beaver Springs on State 929;
Valley Forge, 4 miles SE. of Phoenixville on State 23; and Washington Crossing, at Washington
Crossing in Bucks County on State 32.
Game Fish: Defined as charr (brook trout), all species of trout and the salmon family, blue pike, pike
perch (known as Susquehanna salmon or walleyed pike), pickerel, muskellunge, fallfish, black bass
(smallmouthed and largemouthed), green or yellow bass, and other species of fresh-water fish.
Open Season: All species of trout except lake or salmon, April 15–July 31; lake or salmon trout, July
1-Sept. 29; bass (smallmouthed and large-mouthed, white, crappie, rock, and strawberry or calico),
pike perch, pickerel, and muskellunge, July 1-Nov. 30; yellow perch, sunfish, catfish, suckers, chubs,
fallfish, rock bass, and eels, any time of year.
Licenses: Resident, $1.50 plus treasurer’s fee of 10¢; nonresident, $2.50 minimum plus treasurer’s fee
of 10¢ or same fee as is charged nonresidents by State in which applicant resides. Special tourist
fishing license, permitting nonresident anglers to fish in any waters of the State for three consecutive
days, may be obtained for $1.50 plus a treasurer’s fee of 10¢. Apply to Department of Revenue or any
county treasurer. Naturalized foreign-born nonresidents must produce naturalization papers when
applying for license. No license required for residents under 16 years of age and nonresidents under
12.
Limits: All species of trout, except lake or salmon, 10 of all combined; lake or salmon, 8; bass
(smallmouthed and largemouthed), 6 of both combined; bass (white, rock, crappie, strawberry or
calico), 15 of all combined; pike perch, 6; pickerel, 8; muskellunge, 2; yellow perch, sunfish, suckers,
chubs, and fallfish, 15 of each; eels, unlimited.
Prohibited: To use any species of goldfish for bait; to sell any species of trout or bass; to use poison or
explosives; to place in a stream any obstruction that prevents the free migration of fish. Unlawful to
take fish by the methods known as snatch-fishing, foul-hooking, or snag-fishing and to angle with
more than two rods and one handline with three hooks to each line.
Hunting: Open Season (subject to change): Blackbirds, Oct.31–Nov.26; rail, Sept.1–Nov.30;
woodcock, Oct.1–Oct.31; Wilson snipe or jacksnipe, Oct.15–Nov.28; all birds known as wild
waterfowl, coots, or mudhens, Oct.15–Nov.28, and gallinules, Sept.1–Nov.30; raccoons in all counties
Oct.31–Dec.31. Wild turkey, male pheasant, Virginia partridge or quail, Gambel’s quail, valley quail,
Hungarian quail, and gray, black, and fox squirrel, Oct.31–Nov.26; red squirrel, Oct.31 to Aug.15;
ruffed grouse, Oct.31–Nov.12; wild rabbit, Oct.31–Nov.26; bear over one year old, Nov.14–Nov.19;
male deer with two or more points to one antler, Nov.28–Dec.3; male elk with four or more points to
one antler, Nov.28–Dec.3. Licenses: Resident $2; nonresident, $15. Nonresident aliens permitted to
hunt; fee $15. Apply to Department of Revenue or any county treasurer.
Limits (subject to change): Wild turkey, bear, deer, and elk, 1 of each in one season; ruffed grouse, 6
in a season. Daily limit—2 male pheasants (10 in one season); 2 raccoons (10 in one season); quails or
partridges, 4 of the combined kinds (20 in one season); squirrels, including the fox, black and gray, 6
of each (20 of each in one season); wild rabbits, geese, and brant, 4 of each (20 of each in one season);
wild ducks, 10 of the combined kinds (60 in one season).
Plants: Poison ivy (low, erect shrub, or climbing vine) common in wooded areas, or hidden in long
grass and foliage. Poison sumac (shrub or small tree), found in swamps and bogs. Cow parsnip (tall
plant with hollow, grooved stem covered with matted white hair; the large deeply lobed leaves are
toothed, and the flower cluster is a large white umbel), found commonly in moist places. Other plants
that cause severe skin poisoning are snow-on-the-mountain and nettles, found in thickly wooded forest
areas, and the primrose, a cultivated house plant.
Poisonous Snakes: Copperheads found in mountainous country in virtually all counties except
Philadelphia, Chester, and Delaware. Timber, banded, or common rattlesnakes found mostly in
wooded mountainous areas, where rocky ledges upthrust from wooded sections. Specimens obtained
from Adams, Butler, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Indiana,
Luzerne, Lycoming, Monroe, Northumberland, Perry, Susquehanna, Tioga, Warren, and Washington
Counties.
Dangerous Animals: Wildcats found in large stretches of wilderness, principally in the counties of
Bedford, Cameron, Clearfield, Carbon, Clinton, Fayette, Luzerne, Lycoming, Franklin, Monroe, Pike,
Potter, Somerset, Sullivan, Tioga, and Wayne. Bears found in Wyoming, Pike, Clinton, Monroe,
Bedford, Cameron, Potter, McKean, Sullivan, Columbia, Lycoming, Tioga, Warren, Elk, and Forest
Counties.
Information: Newspaper offices, chambers of commerce, service clubs, and hotels throughout the
State can be consulted for any information concerning industrial, commercial, social, religious, and
athletic activities. Information pertaining to travel is offered by every travel bureau, railway company,
steamship agency, bus station, and air-line ticket office in the State.
Liquor Regulations: State liquor stores, under the jurisdiction of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control
Board, are maintained in every city and town. Known brands of beverages are sold to dealers and
consumers with the proviso that liquor is not to be consumed in the stores.
Calendar of Annual Events
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST