2013. M. 2
LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2013
_____________
ANCIENT GREEK — HIGHER LEVEL
(400 marks)
___________
TIME: 3 Hours ___________
WEDNESDAY, 19 JUNE – MORNING 9.30 – 12.30
Page 1 of 9
1.
Answer Section A or Section B:-
A.
Translate into Greek:-
[50]
Anaxagoras, a philosopher, lived in Athens for many years and taught Pericles himself. However, the
enemies of Pericles prosecuted Anaxagoras in order to harm Pericles. They said that he was impious, for he
believed that the sun was not a god but a red-hot stone larger than the Peloponnesus. Anaxagoras then fled to
Lampsacus.
The citizens of Lampsacus loved him greatly. When they asked him what honour he wished to receive,
Anaxagoras answered, “ Let the children always play in the month in which I die.”
Anaxagoras: o( 0Anacago/raj (-ou).
Pericles: o( Periklh=j (-kle/ouj).
I prosecute: diw&kw.
I am impious: a)sebe/w.
red-hot: e1mpuroj.
Peloponnesus: h9 Pelopo/nnhsoj (-ou).
Lampsacus: h9 La&myakoj (-ou).
I play: pai/zw.
month: o9 mh/n (mhno/j).
OR
B.
Read the following passage and answer, in English, all the questions which follow:(The Persians are at war with the Assyrians. When news arrives of what the Assyrian king is doing, the
Persian king Cyrus reacts appropriately.)
e0k de\ Babulw~noj oi9 au0to/moloi kai\ oi9 a(lisko/menoi tau=t' e1legon, o3ti o9 0Assu/rioj oi1xoito e0pi\
Ludi/aj, polla_ ta&lanta xrusi/ou kai\ a)rguri/ou a!gwn kai\ a!lla kth/mata kai\ ko/smon pantodapo/n.
o9 me\n ou]n o1xloj tw~n stratiwtw~n e1legen w(j u9pekti/qoito h1dh ta_ xrh/mata fobou/menoj: o9 de\
Ku=roj, gignw&skwn o3ti oi1xoito susth/swn ei1 ti du/naito a)nti/palon e9autw|~, a)ntipareskeua&zeto
e0rrwme/nwj, w(j ma&xhj e1ti deh=son: w#st' e0cepi/mplh me\n to\ tw~n Persw~n i9ppiko/n, tou\j me\n e0k tw~n
ai0xmalw&twn, tou\j de/ tinaj kai\ para_ tw~n fi/lwn lamba&nwn i3ppouj: tau=ta ga_r para_ pa&ntwn
e0de/xeto kai\ a)pewqei=to ou0de/n, ou1te ei1 tij o3plon didoi/h kalo\n ou1t' ei1 tij i3ppon.
kateskeua&zeto de\ kai\ a#rmata e1k te tw~n ai0xmalw&twn a(rma&twn kai\ a!lloqen o(po/qen e0du/nato.
e1doce d’ au0tw~|, o4 kra/tiston ei0ko\j h]n th~j duname/wj, o1ntwn tw~n belti/stwn e0pi\ toi=j a3rmasi, tou=to
e0n a)krobolistw~n me/rei ei]nai.
au0to/moloj: deserter.
a(li/skomai: I am taken prisoner.
pantodapo/j: of every kind.
u9pekti/qemai: I bring to a place of safety.
suni/sthmi: I put together, organise.
a)nti/paloj (+ Dative Case): rival, opposing.
e0rrwme/nwj: powerfully.
e0kpi/mplhmi: I fill up, complete.
ai0xma&lwtoj: captive, captured.
a)pwqe/omai: I reject.
ei0ko/j: probably.
a)krobolisth/j: skirmisher.
(a)
How did it become known that the Assyrian king had gone to Lydia?
(5)
(b)
What had the Assyrian king brought with him?
(7)
(c)
How did the mass of the Persian soldiers explain the Assyrian king’s departure?
(6)
(d)
What did Cyrus realise was the true explanation?
(6)
(e)
From where did Cyrus get horses to complete his cavalry force?
(7)
(f)
Describe Cyrus’ policy regarding what was offered to him.
(6)
(g)
How was Cyrus putting together a force of chariots?
(6)
(h)
Why did Cyrus decide to put the chariots among the skirmishers?
(7)
Page 2 of 9
2.
Translate into English one passage from Section A and one passage from Section B:-
[180]
A.
(i)
(The Greek Syloson joins the Persian king Cambyses on a campaign in Egypt. At Memphis he is
generous to someone who later becomes important.)
Kambu/sew strateuome/nou e0p' Ai1gupton, a!lloi te polloi\ e0j th\n Ai1gupton a)pi/konto 9Ellh/nwn, oi9
me\n kat' e0mpori/hn strateuo/menoi, oi9 de\ tine\j kai\ au0th=j th=j xw&rhj qehtai/: tw~n h]n kai\ Sulosw~n.
xlani/da de\ peribalo/menoj purrh\n, h0go/raze e0n th|= Me/mfi: i0dw_n de\ au0to\n Darei=oj, dorufo/roj te
e0w_n Kambu/sew kai\ lo/gou ou0deno/j pw mega&lou, e0pequ/mhse th=j xlani/doj kai\ au0th\n proselqw_n
w)ne/eto.
o9 de\ Sulosw~n, o9re/wn to\n Darei=on mega&lwj e0piqume/onta th=j xlani/doj, le/gei: “e0gw_ tau/thn
pwle/w me\n ou0deno\j xrh/matoj, di/dwmi de\ a!llwj.” ai0ne/saj tau=ta o9 Darei=oj paralamba&nei to\
ei[ma.
tou= de\ xro/nou probai/nontoj, Kambu/shj te a)pe/qane kai\ Darei=oj th\n basilhi/hn e1sxe. tou=to de\
punqa&netai o9 Sulosw~n: a)naba_j de\ e0j ta_ Sou=sa i3zeto e0j ta\ pro/qura tw~n basile/oj oi0ki/wn kai\ e1fh
Darei/ou eu0erge/thj ei]nai.
HERODOTUS (90)
Kambu/sew – Genitive Case of Kambu/shj. e0mpori/h: commerce, trade.
xlani/j: cloak.
purro/j: red.
a0gora&zw: I am in the market-place.
w)ne/omai: I offer to buy.
pwle/w: I sell.
xrh=ma: money.
ai0ne/w: I praise, approve.
ei[ma: garment.
eu0erge/thj: benefactor.
qehth/j: sightseer.
lo/goj: importance.
a!llwj: for nothing.
OR
(ii)
(Simonides visits the tyrant Hiero. They discuss whether the life of a tyrant or that of a private
person is better.)
Simwni/dhj o9 poihth\j a)fi/keto/ pote pro\j I(e/rwna to\n tu/rannon. sxolh=j de\ genome/nhj a)mfoi=n ei]pen
o9 Simwni/dhj: “a}r' a!n moi e0qelh/saij, w} I(e/rwn, dihgh/sasqai a$ ei0ko/j se ei0de/nai be/ltion e0mou=;”
“kai\ poi=a tau=t' e0sti/n,” e1fh o9 I(e/rwn, “o9poi=a dh\ e0gw_ a@n ei0dei/hn be/ltion sou= ou3twj o1ntoj sofou=
a)ndro/j;”
“oi]da& se,” e1fh, “kai\ i0diw&thn gegenhme/non kai\ nu=n tu/rannon o1nta: ei0ko\j ou]n a)mfote/rwn
pepeirame/non se ei0de/nai ma~llon e0mou=, ph=| diafe/rei o9 turanniko/j te kai\ o9 i0diwtiko\j bi/oj.”
kai\ o9 I(e/rwn ei]pen: “w} Simwni/dh, mei/w polu\ eu0frai/nontai oi9 tu/rannoi tw~n metri/wj diago/ntwn
i0diwtw~n, polu\ de\ plei/w kai\ mei/zw lupou=ntai.”
“a!pista le/geij,” e1fh o9 Simwni/dhj. “ei0 ga_r ou3tw tau=t' ei]xe, pw~j a@n polloi\ e0pequ/moun
turannei=n;”
XENOPHON (90)
sxolh/: leisure.
dihge/omai: I explain.
ei0ko/j: it is likely.
i0diw&thj: private person.
peira&omai (+ Genitive Case): I have experience of.
diafe/rw: I am different.
mei/w: less.
eu0frai/nomai: I enjoy myself.
dia&gw: I live.
lupe/omai: I am distressed.
Page 3 of 9
B.
(i)
(Pentheus accuses the seer Teiresias of introducing a new god for selfish motives. Teiresias in reply sets out the
difference between good and flawed speakers.)
PENQEUS
su\ tau=t’ e1peisaj, Teiresi/a: to/nd’ au] qe/leij
to\n dai/mon’ a)nqrw/poisin ei0sfe/rwn ne/on
skopei=n pterwtou\j ka)mpu/rwn misqou\j fe/rein.
TEIRESIAS
o3tan la/bh| tij tw~n lo/gwn a)nh\r sofo\j
kala\j a)forma/j, ou) me/g’ e1rgon eu} le/gein:
su\ d’ eu1troxon me\n glw~ssan w(j fronw~n e1xeij,
e0n toi=j lo/goisi d’ ou)k e1neisi/ soi fre/nej.
qrasu\j de/, dunato\j kai\ le/gein oi[o/j t’ a)nh/r,
kako\j poli/thj gi/gnetai nou~n ou)k e1xwn.
ou{toj d’ o9 dai/mwn o9 ne/oj o4n su\ diagela~|j,
ou)k a2n dunai/mhn me/geqoj e0ceipei=n o3soj
kaq’ 9Ella/d’ e1stai.
EURIPIDES
pterwto/j: bird.
misqo/j: payment.
frone/w: I think sensibly.
diagela/w: I mock.
(90)
ka)mpu/rwn = kai\ e0mpu/rwn - ta\ e1mpura: omens.
a)formh/: theme, subject.
eu1troxoj: eloquent
qrasu/j: confident.
oi[oj
/ te: able to.
OR
(ii)
(Diomedes, son of Tydeus, injures Aeneas, son of Anchises, with a huge stone. Aeneas’
mother intervenes to protect him.)
o9 de\ xerma&dion la&be xeiri\
Tudei5dhj, me/ga e1rgon, o4 ou0 du/o g' a!ndre fe/roien,
oi[oi nu=n brotoi/ ei0s': o9 de/ min r9ea
/ pa&lle kai\ oi]oj.
tw|~ ba&len Ai0nei/ao kat' i0sxi/on: au0ta_r o3 g' h3rwj
e1sth gnu\c e0ripw_n kai\ e0rei/sato xeiri\ paxei/h|
gai/hj: a)mfi\ de\ o!sse kelainh\ nu\c e0ka&luye.
kai/ nu/ ken e1nq' a)po/loito a!nac a)ndrw~n Ai0nei/aj,
ei0 mh\ a!r' o0cu\ no/hse Dio\j quga&thr 0Afrodi/th,
mh/thr, h3 min u9p' 0Agxi/sh| te/ke boukole/onti:
a)mfi\ d' e9o\n fi/lon ui9o\n e0xeu/ato ph/xee leukw&,
pro/sqe de/ oi9 pe/ploio faeinou= ptu/gm' e0ka&luyen.
HOMER (90)
xerma&dion: stone.
r9ea
/ : easily.
pa&llw: I brandish.
oi]oj: alone.
i0sxi/on: hip.
gnu/c: to his knees.
e0ripw&n: falling.
e0rei/domai (+ Genitive Case): I lean upon.
paxu/j: sturdy.
kelaino/j: black.
boukole/w: I tend cattle.
xe/omai: I fling. ph=xuj: arm.
leuko/j: white.
faeino/j: shining.
ptu/gma: fold.
Page 4 of 9
3.
Answer either Section A or Section B in this question:-
(i)
Translate into English:-
[80]
A.
(50)
do/rata me/n nun toi=si ple/osi au0tw~n thnikau=ta h1dh e0tu/gxane katehgo/ta, oi9 de\ toi=si ci/fesi
dierga&zonto tou\j Pe/rsaj. kai\ Lewni/dhj te e0n tou/tw| tw|~ po/nw| pi/ptei a)nh\r geno/menoj a!ristoj,
kai\ e3teroi met' au0tou= o)nomastoi\ Spartihte/wn, tw~n e0gw_ w(j a)ndrw~n a)ci/wn genome/nwn e0puqo/mhn
ta_ ou0no/mata, e0puqo/mhn de\ kai\ a(pa&ntwn tw~n trihkosi/wn. kai\ dh\ Perse/wn pi/ptousi e0nqau=ta a!lloi
te polloi\ kai\ o0nomastoi/, e0n de\ dh\ kai\ Darei/ou du/o pai=dej, 0Abroko/mhj te kai\ 9Upera&nqhj, e0k
th=j 0Arta&new qugatro\j Fratagou/nhj gegono/tej Darei/w|. o9 de\ 0Arta/nhj Darei/ou me\n tou=
basile/oj h]n a)delfeo/j, 9Usta&speoj de\ tou= 0Arsa&meoj pai=j: o4j kai\ e0kdidou\j th\n qugate/ra Darei/w|
to\n oi]kon pa&nta to\n e9wutou= e0pe/dwke, w(j mou/nou oi9 e0ou/shj tau/thj te/knou.
A WORLD OF HEROES
(ii)
Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each:(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(30)
Why, according to Herodotus, did Leonidas send away most of his allies but choose to remain at
Thermopylae himself?
Who is Demaratos? Briefly summarise the information that he gives to Xerxes.
Identify at least one virtue and one fault of Herodotus as an historian. Give a brief assessment of
him, based on your reading of his work.
Why do some of Herodotus’ words differ in form from the way you would have heard them in
ancient Athens? Support your answer with two examples from the passage above.
Explain why the part of the verb katehgo/ta is used, and also the case of te/knou underlined in
the passage above.
B.
(i)
Translate into English:-
(50)
pe/myas' e0mw~n tin' oi0ketw~n 0Ia&sona
e0j o1yin e0lqei=n th\n e0mh\n ai0th/somai:
molo/nti d' au0tw|~ malqakou\j le/cw lo/gouj,
w$j kai\ dokei=n moi tau=ta, kai\ kalw~j e1xein
ga&mouj tura&nnwn ou4j prodou\j h9ma~j e1xei,
kai\ cu/mfor' ei]nai kai\ kalw~j e0gnwsme/na.
pai=daj de\ mei=nai tou\j e0mou\j ai0th/somai,
ou0x w(j lipou=s' a@n polemi/aj e0pi\ xqono\j
e0xqroi=si pai=daj tou\j e0mou\j kaqubri/sai,
a)ll' w(j do/loisi pai=da basile/wj kta&nw.
pe/myw ga_r au0tou\j dw~r' e1xontaj e0n xeroi=n,
lepto/n te pe/plon kai\ plo/kon xrush/laton:
ka!nper labou=sa ko/smon a)mfiqh=| xroi5,
kakw~j o0lei=tai, pa~j q' o4j a@n qi/gh| ko/rhj:
toioi=sde xri/sw farma&koij dwrh/mata.
THE INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
(ii)
Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each:(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(30)
Why does Medeia plan to do what is described in the passage above? What else is she planning,
and why?
Assess how Medeia differs from a stereotypical Greek woman of Euripides’ day.
Who were the Sophists? Where in this play might their influence be seen?
Write a note on the role of the Chorus in this play.
Scan the first line in the passage above. Mark the quantities and name the metre.
Page 5 of 9
4.
Answer three of the following questions. At least one question must be chosen from Section A and
one question from Section B. The third question may be chosen from either Section A or Section B.
(Each question carries thirty marks):[90]
A.
(i)
Outline the career of Alcibiades, and assess whether his impact on Athens was more positive
than negative.
(ii)
Choose any two of the following battles. Identify who fought in them, outline briefly their
course, and explain their importance:Amphipolis;
Aegospotami;
Chaeronea;
Hydaspes River.
(iii)
Trace the main events that occurred during the period of Theban supremacy in Greece from 371
to 362 BC. Why, in your view, did the Thebans fail to maintain their dominance?
(iv)
Under which system of government would you prefer to have lived, the Athenian or the Spartan?
Describe it briefly and justify your choice.
B.
(i)
Describe the nature of Homeric poetry and explain why it is still so highly regarded today.
Support your answer by referring to at least one of the Homeric epics.
(ii)
Give an account of the life and work of Thucydides. Assess his importance as a writer of history.
(iii)
Pick any ancient Greek building that belongs to either the Doric or the Ionic order of
architecture. Describe those features of the building that are typical of the architectural order to
which it belongs.
(iv)
Having looked at Photographs A, B and C below, answer any two of the following questions:(a)
Is the vase in Photograph A Black Figure or Red Figure? Comment on the way in which
the artist has portrayed the scene.
(b)
To what period does the statue in Photograph B belong? Point out the characteristic
features that enable you to know this.
(c)
What type of building is shown in Photograph C? Identify its main features.
Page 6 of 9
A
Page 7 of 9
B
Page 8 of 9
C
Photographs A and B are taken from Woodford: An Introduction to Greek Art, Duckworth.
Photograph C is taken from Lawrence: Greek Architecture, Yale University Press.
Page 9 of 9
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