Voyages, Trade, and Migrations in the Postclassical World Lauren Gillespie Patrick Henry High Schoo lRoanoke, VA [email protected] Bantu Migrations Agricultural society Ź Began in Nigeria/Cameroon c. 3,000 B.C.E. Ź spread East and South Ź Absorbed, killed, or drove away hunting and foraging people, or killed by contact with animal- borne diseases Ź Polynesian Migrations Ź Agricultural Ź Originated in southern China Ź Spread to Philippines, Indonesia, and Madagascar Ź Used double- outrigger canoes Polynesian Migrations Silk Roads Link pastoral and agricultural peoples, inner and outer Asia Ź ³UHOD\WUDGH´ Ź Camel caravans braved steppes, deserts Ź Classical period: links Rome, Han, Persia Ź 7th and 8th centuries: links Byzantine, Abbasid, and Tang Ź 13th and 14th: Mongol Empire links Asia and Europe Ź Silk Roads Ź Silk Luxury good (elite) Chinese monopoly on production until 600s Ź Disease Smallpox and measles Æ Rome and HanÆ increase appeal of Christianity and Buddhism Bubonic plague Reaches Europe from China during Mongol control of Silk Roads Indian Ocean Trade Ź Lower transportation costs= can transport more than luxury goods Ź Began with first civilizations Ź Major changes 500-1500: 1. Reemergence of China 2. Rise of Islam (trade-friendly) East Africa: Swahili culture Ź Began as small Bantu fishing & farming villages Ź Traded gold, ivory, quartz, leopard skins, slaves Ź 1000- 15000: dev. of independent Swahili city- states cosmopolitan Arab, Indian, and Persian visitors Navigational knowledge East Africa: Swahili culture Ź Class distinctions between merchant elite and commoners Ź Islam as unifying force Ź Swahili language: African grammar, written in Arabic script with some Arabic vocabulary= syncretism! Ź Great Zimbabwe: powerful inland state, supplier of gold to IOT Trans-Sahara trade Ź Ź Ź Ź Ź Began in Sudan with Niger Valley civilization Revolutionized by camel c. 300 North Africans wanted gold* from West Africa, also ivory, kola nuts, and slaves In return, Sudan received salt*, horses, cloth, dates, manufactured goods from Sahara 1300s: Mali monopolizes gold and salt trade Trans-Sahara Trade Ź Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were powerful trading kingdoms ruled by monarchs Drew upon trade wealth, slaves Like East Africa: cosmopolitan, urban, visitors, Islam Marco Polo Ź Born in Venice to wealthy trading family Ź Traveled with father and uncle to China Ź employed by Kublai Khan (Mongol ruler) for 17 years Ź Importance: sparked European interest in the East;; KRZHYHU« Ź some question whether Polo ever reached China No mention of foot-binding, tea drinking, Great Wall? Ibn Batutta Ź Arab scholar Ź Born in Morocco Ź Visited Spain, West and East Africa, Arabia, Iraq, Persia, Central and Southeast Asia, India, China Ź Importance: illustrate vast expanse of Islamic civilization
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