SUB Hamburg
THAT
THE BLOOD
STAY PURE
AFRICAN AMERICANS, NATIVE AMERICANS, AND
THE PREDICAMENT OF RACE AND IDENTITY IN VIRGINIA
ARICA L. COLEMAN
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Bloomington & Indianapolis
CONTENTS
Foreword by Joseph F. Jordan
Preface
xi
xv
Acknowledgments
Introduction
xxi
1
PART 1. HISTORIC1Z1NG BLACK-INDIAN
RELATIONS IN VIRGINIA
Prologue. Lingering at the Crossroads: AfricanNative American History and Kinship Lineage in
Armstrong Archer's A Compendium on Slavery
21
1 Notes on the State of Virginia: Jeffersonian Thought and the
Rise of Racial Purity Ideology in the Eighteenth Century
42
2 Redefining Race and Identity: The Indian-Negro
Confusion and the Changing State of Black-Indian
Relations in the Nineteenth Century
64
3 Race Purity and the Law: The Racial Integrity Act and Policing
Black-Indian Identity in the Twentieth Century
89
4 Denying Blackness: Anthropological Advocacy and the
Remaking of the Virginia Indians
122
PART 2. BLACK-INDIAN RELATIONS IN
THE PRESENT STATE OF VIRGINIA
5 Beyond Black and White: Afro-Indian Identity
in the Case of Loving v. Virginia
151
6 The Racial Integrity Fight: Confrontations of Race and
Identity in Charles City County, Virginia
177
7 Nottoway Indians, Afro-Indian Identity, and the
Contemporary Dilemma of State Recognition
Epilogue: Afro-Indian Peoples of Virginia:
The Indelible Thread of Black and Red
Appendix: The Racial Integrity Act
Notes
245
Selected Bibliography
Index
293
285
243
235
207