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EU aim at great expansion of
large-scale solar thermal plants
Since January 2005, Denmark – together with 10 Eu-
Mr. Henrik Steffensen, Engineer,
ropean partners - has participated in the IEE (Intelli-
District heating systems, Ramboll
gent Energy for Europe) promotion project SOLARGE
for large-scale solar thermal plants in Europe. The
With a view to national and European energy and
work is now in the final phase and Denmark has been
climate protection policies, the development and
represented by Ramboll Denmark. The work has been
implementation of collective solar thermal sys-
funded by the IEE with 40%.
tems can play an important part in the future. The
project SOLARGE, running from January 2005 to
This article is an introduction to the targets and
December 2007, is incorporating all relevant as-
achievements of SOLARGE at a European level. In ad-
pects of such a role. Current projects and the
dition, the article describes the implementation of the
conditions for projects have been analysed, resulting in advice and recommendations. SOLARGE
programme in Denmark, where focus has been on the
very large solar thermal systems integrated into district heat-
has taken its background in existing project results in the
ing systems.
participating countries and has taken this approach further,
leading to a systematic and international comparison between
The SOLARGE programme
projects for the first time.
SOLARGE is being implemented across Europe through the
following cooperation:
Solar heating plants all over Europe have more than 19 million
square meters of collector area. These plants replace around
European Partner Consortium
• ADEME – France
• Ambiente Italia srl – Italy
• Berliner Energieagentur GmbH – Germany
• Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e. V. (BSW) – Germany
• Ecofys Netherlands B.V. – Netherlands
• Ecofys S.L. – Spain
• ENERPLAN – France
• European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF) – Belgium
• Ramboll A/S – Denmark
• target GmbH – Germany (project coordination)
• University of Ljubljana – Slovenia
The European Union has set the target to provide at least 12%
of its primary energy consumption from renewable energy
800,000 tons of oil per year, corresponding to more than
2.5 million tons of CO2, while heating half a million households.
The total maximum capacity is in the area of 13.5 GW thermal
energy.
The purpose of SOLARGE has been and still is to stimulate
and motivate the solar thermal market in the EU countries,
first of all in the partner countries, but later on hopefully also
in the other countries, especially in the former CIS countries,
which are about to invest significantly in energy efficiency and
conservation programmes in the housing sector.
The main objective of SOLARGE is to support the market
roll-out of Collective Solar Thermal Systems (CSTS) by the
following steps:
sources by 2010. More than 40% of the total final energy con-
• Analysis of current projects and identification of market
sumption in Europe is used in the building sector – the most
obstacles and opportunities
promising field for implementing solar thermal energy.
• Identification of factors for success with regards to
technology, project development and realization
Solar energy holds a vast potential for climate protection, job
• Information and communication with the target
creation and regional economic development. The development
roups in Europe
of a market for solar thermal applications began with small
• A survey and demonstration of European best
systems in the private building sector. This development is now
practice projects and solutions
moving in the direction of collective solar thermal systems,
• Support to national and European energy policy development
which are still in a state of demonstration, even though an
• Development of proposals to improve existing
enormous potential exists, and overall cost efficiency is gen-
political framework conditions for CSTS applications
erally improving with the size of the system.
• Europe-wide dissemination of results
E N E R G Y
A N D
E N V I R O N M E N T
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SOLARGE was launched at a kick-off meeting in Hanover in the
1. Market and good practice analysis: beginning of 2005. Five project meetings have been held since
Estimation of potentials, identification of obstacles
then. The scope for SOLARGE was initially defined as thermal
and chances of success
plants from 30 m2 up to around 500 m2, mainly as individual
2. Capacity building for the supply side:
plants in the building sector, such as multi-dwelling buildings,
hotels, public and private office buildings, schools, etc. in Eu-
3. Awareness campaign towards the investors:
rope.
Marketing and optimised project development
Information, PR and consultancy
4. Market stimulation and market roll-out:
SOLARGE has been realised within six work packages:
Support to project development
(focal point: Southern Europe)
5. Consultancy for the policy:
Formulation of proposals for national and regional
strategies, support of political decision processes
6. EU-wide dissemination of the project results:
Interactive project website, market studies,
good practice database
All information and project results are to be published on the
multilingual website: www.solarge.org
In Denmark the 200 largest solar plants cover 68,000 m2 and
produce 30,000 MWh. A list can be found on the website among
a handful of good practice examples described in more detail.
Clean, reliable and affordable heating
CTR – Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating Transmission Company
CTR
Stæhr Johansens Vej 38
DK 2000 Frederiksberg
Phone +45 3818 5777
Fax +45 3818 5799
[email protected]
www.ctr.dk
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EU aim at great expansion of large-scale solar thermal plants
Danish implementation of
Industry and Craftsmen:
large solar heating systems
– Confederation of Danish Industries (DI)
The main contribution from Ramboll was to supply informa-
– Danish Federation of Small and Medium-Sized
tion about the large-scale solar plants in Denmark. In Denmark
Enterprises (Danish Association of Craft Guild
around 60% of all dwellings are supplied with district heating.
- Håndværksrådet)
In these systems only 0.5 MWh produced on fossil fuels is used
per MWh heat sold to the customers. This is due to a flex-
Danish Solar Manufacturer Association
ible system that makes it possible to utilise energy from many
(Dansk Solvarmeforening):
kinds of energy resources like waste, straw, biomass, solar and
- ARCON Solvarme A/S, BATEC A/S, GJ TEKNIK A/S
geothermal heat in well-operated and well-maintained plants.
At the same time energy savings and energy labelling of build-
Energy Utility Companies
ings and a new building directive will lead to a lower demand
– Danish District Heating Association (Dansk Fjernvarme)
(producer of CSTS)
over time and help the phasing out of fossil fuels.
Demand Side
The target groups for SOLARGE have been:
– Association of Danish Municipalities
• Housing and hotel industry, public authorities
• Manufacturers of solar thermal equipment
– Danish Dwelling Associations: (Boligforeninger)
• Planners, architects, engineers
(Kommunernes Landsforening)
ABF, LLO, AB GRUPPEN etc.
– House-Owner Associations
(Almennyttige Boligselskaber): KAB, AAB, DAB etc.
– Danish Hotel and Restaurant Association (HORESTA)
Future
It is the wish of the SOLARGE partners that a SOLARGE II
could get support from early 2008 to continue the work. It is
the plan to also focus on field-based large-scale solar thermal
plants (< 1,000 m2) in connection with district heating systems
and combined with other renewable energy and CHP production. In addition, the potential for use of solar energy for air
conditioning and cooling would be investigated.
In this special sector, Denmark holds a leading position. Not
only does Denmark host the world’s largest solar thermal
plant in Marstal, but a number of companies and organisations
Collective Solar Thermal System on multi-dwelling building in Helsingør,
Denmark. The building complex is also supplied with district heating,
partly based on renewable energy.
have now a comprehensive knowledge and experience, when it
comes to large-scale solar heating.
Denmark: National contacts and activities like networking,
meetings, direct mailing, cooperation and planning were initiated with the following institutions and organizations:
Government:
– Danish Energy Agency (DEA, Authority under the
Ministry of Transport and Energy)
– Engineers and Planners
– Danish Association of Architects
– Danish Society of Engineers (IDA)
– Danish Association of Consulting Engineers (FRI)
– Danish Technical University (DTU)
– Danish Technological Institute (TI)
Marstal CSTS (18,189 m2)
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The Danish experience of large-scale field mounted solar heat-
A large solar heating plant of 5,000 m2 or more and with 20
ing systems integrated in district heating systems could be
years depreciation may offer a production price in the range
relevant to many other towns and cities in Europe with district
of 35-45 €/MWh. The alternative production of heat from bi-
heating supply systems.
omass or natural gas is 35-50 €/MWh. The heat sales price
A major advantage of the large-scale solar thermal plants is
from such district heating plants is typically twice the produc-
the relatively low heat production costs. In the figure below is
tion costs.
shown the relationship between plant size and heat production
costs. In future we may expect to obtain further price reduc-
Another solar thermal plant of 10,000 m2 is planned to be in-
tions, if the solar heating plant is to be used also for cooling
stalled at a gas-fired CHP plant (20 % solar fraction). The solar
purposes.
plant is expected to reduce the heat sales price by 3 €/MWh. In
this case no grants are available. The existing thermal storage
ProduCtion price per MWH output based on size of plant
can serve the solar thermal plant during summer and the CHP
plant for the rest of the year.
Euro per MVH
20000
15000
10000
5000
1000
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Looking for power in a conned space?
L I S T E N
D E S I G N
E N G I N E E R
D E L I V E R
07:28:46 November 29, 2007
07:28:46 November 29, 2007
Size of plant m2
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_01SZ4_Annonce_190x130_GB.pdf
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