Anita Jones
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2007 IEEE Founders Medal
Director of Defense Research and
Engineering at the U.S. Department of
Defense from 1993 to 1997
Fellow of the
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Association for Computing Machinery
(ACM)
American Association for the
Advancement of Science
IEEE
Author of two books and more than 40
papers
U.S. Air Force Meritorious Civilian Service
Award
Distinguished Public Service Award
Congressional Record tribute
Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the
Association for Women in Computing
Lawrence R. Quarles Professor in the
Computer Science Department at the
University of Virginia’s School of
Engineering and Applied Science
Legends in Computing
Amy Pearl
Designer and implementer
of the Sun Link Service,
an open protocol for
creating hypertext links
between elements of
desktop applications
Legends in Computing
Programming the Eniac
z
z
Programs were
not stored
Every new
problem required
new connections
Legends in Computing
Stephanie Rosenthal
z
Computing Research
Association Outstanding
Female Undergraduate
Award, 2007
z research at CMU on social
robotics led to two
publications.
z research on collaborative
learning, potential interfaces
for use with interactive
whiteboards and experiments
about issues in collaboration,
resulted in a first-authored
publication.
Legends in Computing
1950s Assembler Programming
Class
This would be
so much
easier with a
computer…
Legends in Computing
Elaine Kant
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Founder and president of SciComp
Fellow of the American Association
for Artificial Intelligence
Fellow of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science
Outstanding Achievement Award in
Science/Technology, from University
YWCA
U.S. Patent No. 6,173,276, System
and Method for Financial Instrument
Modeling and Valuation, with C.
Randall.
U.S. Patent No. 6,772,137, System
and Method for Financial Instrument
Modeling Using Monte Carlo
Simulation, with C. Randall.
Legends in Computing
Babbage’s Difference Engine,
1822
Babbage's
difference engine
No. 2
Finally built in 1991
Could hold 7
numbers of 31
decimal digits
Could tabulate 7th
degree
polynomials
Legends in Computing
Tracy Camp
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z
Co-chair of ACM's Committee on
Women in Computing from
1998-2002
ACM-W liaison to the National
Center for Women in Information
Technology.
Keynote speaker at the 2006
Australian Women in IT
Conference (AusWIT).
Authored over 15 newspaper
and magazine articles on
Women in Computing published
in the N.Y. Times, the Chicago
Tribune, USA Today, and
Scientific American
ACM Distinguished Lecturer
IEEE Senior Member
ACM Distinguished Scientist
Legends in Computing
1890: Hollerith Tabulating
System
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z
Census Counter
Hollerith Tabulating
System Was A
System Of Machines
z
z
z
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Punch,
Tabulator
Sorting Box
Hollerith's Business
Joined A Firm That
Later Became IBM.
Legends in Computing
Anita Borg
Founded the Systers online community in 1987
Co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of
Women in Computing, inspired by the
legacy of Navy Admiral Grace Murray
Hopper.
Founded the Institute for Women and
Technology which began new programs,
partnerships and initiatives to include
women in all aspects of technology.
President appointment to the Commission on
the Advancement of Women and
Minorities in Science, Engineering, and
Technloogy.
Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy
and Employment
Fellow of the Association for Computing
Machinery
Board of Directors of the Computing Research
Association
National Academy of Engineering's Committee
for the Celebration of Women in
Engineering
National Research Council's Committee on
Women in Science and Engineering
Legends in Computing
1943-45: Eniac
z
z
z
z
z
Electrical Numerical
Integrator And Computer
Built To Compute Ballistics
Tables For U.S. Army Artillery
During World War II.
z 1,000 Times Faster Than
Any Existing Device.
External Plug Wires Used To
Program The Machine
Principal Designers, J.
Presper Eckert And John
Mauchley
Cost, About $400,000
Legends in Computing
Helen Greiner
Co-founder and chairman of
iRobot, a consumer robotics
company
Ernst and Young New England
Entrepreneur of the Year, 2003
Technology Review Magazine
"Innovator For The Next
Century"
DEMO god award at the DEMO
conference
Worked at NASA jet propulsion
laboratory, MIT’s artificial
intelligence laboratory.
Legends in Computing
Susan Owicki
Researched distributed
systems,
performance
analysis, and trusted
systems for
electronic commerce.
Legends in Computing
ENIAC - Vacuum Tubes
z ENIAC
Used Some
18,000 Vacuum
Tubes.
z 30 Feet By 50
Feet
z Weighed 30
Tons
z
The ENIAC was a decimal
machine!
Legends in Computing
Telle Whitney
Co-founder of NCWIT
President and CEO Anita
Borg Institute for
Women and Technology
Founder and VP Malleable
Technologies
Co-founded the Grace
Hopper Celebration of
Women in Computing
conference along with
Dr. Anita Borg.
Legends in Computing
The First Bug - 1947
z
z
A moth stuck in one
of the ENIAC
components.
Engineers taped it in
their logbook
"first actual case of bug
being found."
Legends in Computing
Maria Klawe
Fifth (And 1st Woman)
President Of Harvey Mudd
College
z Dean Of The School Of
Engineering And Applied
Science At Princeton
University.
z University Of British
Columbia
z Head Department Of
Computer Science
z Vice President Of Student
And Academic Services
z Dean Of Science
z Research Scientist And
Manager At IBM Almaden
Research Center, In San
Jose, California
z
Legends in Computing
Rosa Peter
Founded recursive
function theory
Legends in Computing
IAS (1946-1952)
z
z
z
Used externally stored programs
that could be loaded and
executed.
Institute For
Advanced Study At
Princeton
University.
Designed And
Directed By John
Von Neumann.
Cost: Several
Hundred Thousand
Dollars.
Legends in Computing
Frances Bilas Spence
One of the first
computer
programmers
One of the pioneers in
programming the
ENIAC
Legends in Computing
Lucy Sanders
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z
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z
CEO and Co-founder of the National
Center for Women & Information
Technology (NCWIT)
Executive in Residence at the ATLAS
Institute at the University of Colorado at
Boulder (CU.)
development and executive positions at
AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Bell Labs, and
Avaya Labs
Bell Labs Fellow Award
Holds six patents in the communications
technology area.
Board Member of Engineering Advisory
Council and the Department of Computer
Science Advisory Board at CU, the Denver
Public Schools Computer Magnet
Advisory Board, the Advisory Board for the
Women's College Applied Computing
Program at the University of Denver, and
several corporate boards.
Distinguished Alumni Award from the
Department of Engineering at CU
Conference Chair for the 2007 Grace
Hopper Conference
Legends in Computing
1949: Core Memory
z
Small Ring, Or Core, Of Ferrite
(A Ferromagnetic Ceramic)
z
z
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Magnetically driven spin
One Bit Of Information.
For Almost 15 Years, 'Core' Was
The Most Important Memory
Device.
The Invention Of Core Memory
In Was A Leap Forward In Costeffectiveness And Reliability.
Legends in Computing
Meg Whitman
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z
z
z
President and CEO of
eBay
Board of Directors of
Procter & Gamble and
DreamWorks Animation
worth an estimated $1.5
billion in 2005.
one of only five women
on Earth to have been
repeatedly ranked
among the world's most
influential people by
Time magazine.
Legends in Computing
1965: PDP8
z
z
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z
Programmed Data
Processor
50,000+ Sold
Cost: $18,000
Primary Memory: 4K
z
z
12-bit Word Core
Memory
Speed: 1.5 Micro-second
Cycle Time
Modern computers have a halfbillionth second cycle time
Legends in Computing
Amy Wohl
President and Founder
of Wohl Associates
consulting firm.
Pioneered office
automation and
ergonomics
Legends in Computing
Fran Allen
Made significant
contributions to
compiler research
First woman to become
an IBM Fellow
Legends in Computing
Barbara Liskov
Developed CLU in the
70s, Argus in the 80s,
and Theta in the 90s
CLU influenced
development of
ADTs
Legends in Computing
1960s/70s Card Reader
Card is pre-printed with
FORTRAN field layouts
Legends in Computing
Kathleen (Kay) McNulty Mauchly
Antonelli
One of the first
computer
programmers
One of the pioneers in
programming the
ENIAC
Legends in Computing
1977: Trs-80
z
z
z
z
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z
Radio Shack "Trash-80,"
4K Of Memory
Could Not Handle Lowercase Letters
Only Three Error Messages:
z "HOW?"
z "What"
z "Sorry"
Cost Only $400!
Some 55,000 Machines Sold In First
Year
Legends in Computing
Stephanie Seneff
Research and
development of
computer speech
recognition
Legends in Computing
Jean Jennings Bartik
One of the first
computer
programmers
One of the pioneers in
programming the
ENIAC
Legends in Computing
1979: Vic-20
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z
z
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z
Processor Speed: 1.0227
Mhz.
ROM: 16kb
RAM: 5kb (3.5kb User
Memory)
z Expandable To 32kb.
Screen: 22 Columns By 23
Rows.
Sound: 3 Voices Plus White
Noise.
Media: Tape Drive
Legends in Computing
Alice Burks
One of 75 female "computers"
working at the University of
Pennsylvania's Moore School
of Engineering to perform
calculations necessary to
create firing and bombing
tables
Coauthored numerous articles
on ENIAC and the history of
computers with her husband,
Arthur Burks, a computer
scientist who was part of the
ENIAC team.
Legends in Computing
1984: Macintosh
z
Revolutionary Graphical
User Interface (GUI).
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A Device Called A Mouse
Pictorial Symbols (Icons)
On The Screen.
Select Commands, Call
Up Files, Start Programs,
Etc.
Original Selling Price:
$2,495
Legends in Computing
Ada (Lady Lovelace) Byron
Mathematician
Patron of Charles Babbage
Wrote first program that
calculated Bernoulli
numbers
U. S. Department of
Defense named
language in 1979 in her
honor
Legends in Computing
Edith Clarke
First woman to earn MSc.
Degree from MIT in EE
in 1919
Received patent in 1921
for a graphical calculator
First woman to teach
engineering at University
of Texas, Austin in 1947
Legends in Computing
Misha Mahowald
“Neuromorphic”
engineering – the
application of analog
CMOS VLSI technology
to the fabrication of
analog electronic circuits
that emulate real neural
systems
Legends in Computing
Enigma
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z
z
portable cipher
machine used to
encrypt and decrypt
secret messages.
electro-mechanical
rotor machines
variety of different
models.
Legends in Computing
Ruth Davis
Provided leadership at
the National Bureau
of Standards
President and Founder
of the Pymatuning
Group
Legends in Computing
Nordon Bombsight
z
Mechanical analog computer
made up of gyros, motors,
gears, mirrors, levers and a
telescope.
z Determined the exact
moment bombs had to be
dropped to hit the target
accurately.
z On later versions would
actually fly the plane through
the bomb run while coupled
to the airplanes controls.
z Claimed to be accurate
enough to hit a 100 foot circle
from and altitude of 21,000
feet (4 miles).
Legends in Computing
Jean E. Sammet
First group leader for
programmers in the
engineering organization of
Sperry Gyroscope
One of first to teach computer
courses for academic credit
Supervised initial specification
and design of COBOL
compiler on MOBIDIC
Authored "Programming
Languages: History and
Fundamentals"
President of ACM in the 1970s
Legends in Computing
Ruth Dayhoff
Wrote Information
Processing
Standards
Wrote about the
object-oriented
properties of
MUMPS
Legends in Computing
Whirlwind I
z
First computer that
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z
z
operated in real
time
used video displays
for output
Led to the United
States Air Force's
Semi Automatic
Ground Environment
(SAGE)
Legends in Computing
ENIAC Women
First to program with
machine language
First programmers of
ENIAC
First “computers”
calculating bombing and
firing trajectory tables
during WWII
Legends in Computing
Ruth Lichterman
Teitelbaum
One of the first
computer
programmers
One of the pioneers in
programming the
ENIAC
Legends in Computing
Sage - 1950s to 1980s
z
z
z
Semi Automatic
Ground Environment
automated control
system used by NORAD
for collecting, tracking
and intercepting enemy
bomber aircraft
Later versions could
automatically direct
aircraft to an interception
by sending commands
directly to the aircraft's
autopilot.
Legends in Computing
Thelma Estrin
Recognized for her
computer
contributions to brain
research and
healthcare
technology
Legends in Computing
Line Printer
z
z
high speed impact
printer
Print speeds of 600
to 1200 lines-perminute
z
approximately 10 to
20 pages per
minute
Legends in Computing
Marilyn Wescoff Meltzer
One of the first
computer
programmers
One of the pioneers in
programming the
ENIAC
Legends in Computing
Margaret R. Fox
Electronics engineer in
radar at the Naval
Research Station in
Washington
Chief of the Office of
Computer Information in
the NBS Institute for
Computer Science and
Technology
Legends in Computing
Circuit boards
z
printed circuit boards, or
PCBs
z connect electronic
components using conductive
pathways etched from copper
sheets laminated onto a nonconductive substrate.
z rugged, inexpensive, and
highly reliable
z higher initial cost than either
wire-wrapped or point-topoint constructed circuits
Legends in Computing
Adele Goldberg
Led design team for
Smalltalk
Worked in creation of
first window- and
icon-based user
interface
Legends in Computing
Barbara G. Ryder
Professor of Computer
Science at Rutgers, The
State University of New
Jersy
Worked at Bell
Laboratories which
developed Unix, C, and
pcc.
Legends in Computing
Adele Goldstine
Wrote Manual for the
ENIAC which
detailed the machine
down to its resistors
Adele
Her
assistant
Legends in Computing
Evelyn Boyd Granville
First African American woman to
earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics
(Yale,1949)
Developed computer programs
used to analyze trajectories in
the MercuryProject (first
manned U.S. space mission)
and in the Apollo Project
(sending U.S.astronauts to
the moon)
Legends in Computing
IBM System/360 -1964
z
z
z
Mainframe computer
system family by IBM
First to make clear
distinction between
architecture and
implementation
Allowed IBM to release
a suite of compatible
designs at different price
points
Legends in Computing
Madge Griswold
Helped develop the
Icon Programming
Language
Legends in Computing
Digital Equipment VAX 11-780 –
1970s
z
z
z
z
32-bit computing
architecture
orthogonal instruction
set (machine language)
virtual addressing
CISC
z
z
large number of
addressing modes
machine instructions
Legends in Computing
Lois Haibt
Developed
arithmetic
expression
analyzer, an
essential
component of the
FORTRAN
compiler
Legends in Computing
Emmy Noether
Researched
abstract algebra
which provided
the foundation for
Prolog
Legends in Computing
Cray-1 - 1976
z
z
z
z
One of the best known
and most successful
supercomputers in
history.
First Cray design to use
integrated circuits (ICs).
Each IC contained
four "gates", each
containing perhaps four
transistors.
Total of about 200,000
gates, roughly the same
as the Intel 386 of the
1980s.
Legends in Computing
Margaret Hamilton
Founded Higher
Order Software
and Hamilton
Technologies, Inc.
Legends in Computing
Cray-2 - 1985
z
z
z
Vector
supercomputer
Fastest machine in
the world when it
was released
Components were
too tightly packed for
air cooling, so fluid
cooling system was
used
Legends in Computing
Kim Polese
Driving force behind
Java
President and CEO of
Marimba, Inc.
Legends in Computing
Barbara Hayes-Roth
Author of the
Guardian system
Legends in Computing
Kathleen Jensen
Co-author of PASCAL
User Manual and
Report
Legends in Computing
Illiac IV - 1976
z
z
High parallelism with
up to 256 processors
Commercial failure
z
z
z
Late
Over budget
Outperformed by
existing commercial
machines like the
Cray-1.
Legends in Computing
Srinija Srinivasan
Yahoo!’s fifth employee
Manages Yahoo! Inc's team of
Surfers
Responsible for the design and
maintenance of Yahoo!'s
overall classification and
organization scheme
Cyc Project, database of
human commonsense
knowledge
Legends in Computing
Frances Snyder (Betty)
Holberton
Created first sort-merge
generator
Involved in development
and standardization of
FORTRAN and COBOL
Legends in Computing
Xerox Perq & Alto
Workstations
z
Possible first personal
computer or workstation
z
z
z
z
z
bit-mapped graphics
mouse
menus
icons
Also networked using
Ethernet local area
networking protocol
Legends in Computing
Erna Schneider Hoover
Invented a computerized
switching system for
telephone traffic and received
one of the first patents for
software ever awarded
Legends in Computing
Digital Equipment DEC-10
z
Same computer as the PDP-10.
z
z
installation included multiple fullsize cabinets for
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z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Digital Equipment Corp.
changed the name about 1973
CPU
memory
controllers
networking front ends
magnetic tape
disk drives
line printers
Electrical bill and maintenance
costs of thousands of dollars per
month
Legends in Computing
Grace Murray Hopper
1953: Invented The Compiler
Translates English
Language Instructions
Into Language Of The
Target Computer
Major influence in acceptance
and standardization of
COBOL
Legends in Computing
Control Data CDC6600 1964
z
z
z
Mainframe computer
Generally
considered to be the
first successful
supercomputer
World's fastest
computer from 1964
to 1969
Legends in Computing
Jeannette Wing
z
z
National Science
Foundation (NSF)
assistant director for
Computer Science &
Information Science and
Engineering (CISE)
President's Professor
and head of the
Computer Science
Department in Carnegie
Mellon University's
School of Computer
Science (SCS)
Legends in Computing