SS8H11 and SS8H12
-The Modern Civil Rights
Movement
-Developments in Georgia since
1970
Herman Talmadge
 Herman Talmadge
 Governor of GA
Restructured highway
department
 Created Georgia Forestry
Commission
 Passed Minimum
Foundation Program for
Education act – Extended
schools to 9 months
 Elected to US senate
 Served from 1956-81
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Benjamin Mays
 Benjamin Mays
 Civil Rights Leader
 Became a member
of the city’s Board
of Education
 President of
Morehouse
College
White Primaries and County Unit
 White Primaries and
County Unit
 White people got to
pick the candidate to
run for office
 The county unit
system allowed the
counties to each
have a vote
 The popular vote did
not determine the
official
1946 Governors Race and End of
White Primaries
 Democratic Primary
Eugene Talmadge
 Eurith Rivers
 James Carmichael
Carmichael wins popular vote
E. Talmadge wins the county unit vote
E. Talmadge becomes governor
Talmadge dies and his son Herman Talmadge is
appointed governor by the General Assembly
Bypassing Melvin Thompson the lieutenant governor
Herman locks himself in office declares himself
governor.
Thompson eventually becomes governor.
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Brown v. Board of Education
 1950, 7 year old (African American)
Linda Brown tries to enroll in a white
school in Topeka, Kansas
 Denied
 NAACP and father sue
 1954 Separate-but-Equal was found
Unconstitutional
 Plessy v. Ferguson overturned
 Schools must now desegregate
Martin Luther King, Jr.
 Preacher
 Lived in Atlanta
 Attended Booker T. Washington High
school
 1944 entered Morehouse College
 1947 ordained at Ebenezer Baptist
Church
 1948 earned doctorate from Boston
University
Martin Luther King, Jr. continued
 Developed non-violent social change
 4 prong approach to gaining civil rights
 1.
non-violent action
 2. legal remedies
 3. ballots
 4. economic boycott
Martin Luther King, Jr. continued
 Boycott business
 Lunch Counter Sit ins
 1964 awarded Nobel Prize for actions
 1965 led march in Selma, Alabama to
support voting rights
 Pushed congress to pass the Voting
Rights Act of 1965 – African guaranteed
right to vote
 April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray shot and
killed King.
1956 State Flag
 1956 State Flag
 Georgia changes
its flag to include
the Confederacy
 Many upset
 Symbolizes the
old racist south
 Others want to
keep Georgia
history alive
Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) (know acronym)
 Pronounced “snick”
 Led by John Lewis
 Students who fought for rights
using non-violence
 Conducted Sit ins- sit down and
refuse to move
Sibley Commission
 Public hearings to see how people
in GA felt about integration
 2 out of 3 Georgians would rather
see schools closed than integrated
 Districts could choose if they
wanted to integrate
 Private schools are created
Hamilton Holmes & Charlayne Hunter
to UGA
 UGA’s first black students
 Gov. Vandiver allowed it
 Charlayne Hunter becomes famous
Newspaper & TV reporter
 Hamilton Holmes becomes Phi Beta
Kappa
 Becomes Orthopedic Surgeon
 Dies in 1995
Albany Movement
6 years after Brown v. Board
Albany still segregated
“freedom riders” arrive to support
Albany Movement created to
desegregate and get Africans
to vote
People arrested and jailed
March on Washington
August 28, 1963
Political rally
Theme “jobs, justice and peace”
80% african 20% white
King gives “I have a dream”
speech
Civil Rights Act
1964
 Desegregated all public facilities
 Restaurants
 Theaters
 Hotels
 Public
recreation areas
 Schools
 Libraries
Election of Maynard Jackson as
Mayor of Atlanta
1st African American Mayor of
southern city
Served 8 years
Morehouse Graduate
Brought Olympics to GA
African American business
thrived
William Hartsfield
Mayor of Georgia
6 terms
Made Atlanta aviation hub
Helped with civil rights
Hired African American police
Invited civil rights leaders to city
William B. Hartsfield
BRAIN POP
 How did Mayor Hartsfield
contribute
to the growth of GA?
 Helped establish the first airport in Atlanta
(carried mail then passengers)
 Airport workers
 Western/Delta airlines
 Hired black policemen
 Supported desegregation
 Blacks and northerners moved to Atlanta
Lester Maddox
 Lester Maddox
 1967 elected
gov.
 Segregationalist
 Restaurant
owner
 Improved
education
Andrew Young and Georgia
 Civil Rights leader
 Marched in Civil Rights Movement
 Pastor
 Mayor of Atlanta after Jackson
 U.S. Ambassador to the UN
 1981 elected mayor
 Brought Olympics to GA
 Revamped Atlanta Zoo
 Reelected by 80%
SS8H12: Developments in Georgia
since 1970
 A) Evaluate the consequences of the end of
the county unit system and reapportionment.
 B) Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in
Georgia as state senator, governor, president,
and past president.
 C) Analyze the impact of the rise of the two
party system in Georgia.
 D) Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic
Games on Georgia.
 E) Evaluate the importance of new immigrant
communities to the growth and economy of
Georgia.
End of the County Unit System
 This system had been in place since
1917.
 It was designed to maintain the power
of the rural areas of the state even
though the greatest population growth
was in urban areas.
 In April 1962, the GA federal court ruled
that the county unit system violated the
Fourteenth Amendment.
End of the County Unit System
 Once the county unit system was ruled
unconstitutional, the majority of
representatives in the GA house came
from the urban areas.
 Political power shifted from rural to
urban areas.
 It also gave predominantly black
population areas an equal opportunity to
elect legislative representatives.
Reapportionment
 The federal court decision on the county
unit system was appealed to the U.S.
Supreme Court in Gray v. Sanders. It was
in the 1963 decision in that case that the
phrase “one person, one vote” was first
used.
 The one-person, one vote concept is
that every citizen’s vote should be equal
to every other citizen’s vote no matter
where the person lived.
Reapportionment
 In 1964, the federal court again ruled that
Georgia’s constitution, which ensured
each county in the state at least one seat
in the legislature, violated the oneperson, one-vote concept.
 The General Assembly had to
reapportion (redraw) its Congressional
voting districts to ensure that the districts
were of equal population sizes.
Jimmy Carter
 Only Georgian who has served as
president of our country
 Born in Plains, Georgia in 1924
 Graduated from the U.S. Naval
Academy at Annapolis
 In 1962, Carter was elected to the
Georgia senate and elected
governor in 1970.
Jimmy Carter continued
 Many accomplishments:
 Reorganized the state’s executive branch
 Appointed the 1st woman as a state judge
 Worked to equalize funding for public
schools across the state and expanded
special education, vocational education,
and pre-school education
 Expanded state mental health services for
Georgians.
Jimmy Carter continued
 Announced his
candidacy in 1976
for the Democratic
presidential
nomination
 He defeated
President Gerald R.
Ford in November
1976 and served
one term in office.
Jimmy Carter’s Accomplishments
 1978 Camp David Middle East Peace
Accords (between Israel & Egypt- the
1st peace treaty b/w Israel and an
Arab neighboring state).
 Ratification of the Panama Canal
treaties
 Establishment of diplomatic relations
with China
Rise of the two-party system
 During the 1980s and 1990s, politics
underwent a major shift in many
southern states
 They elected Democrats to statewide
offices and tended to favor Republicans
in national elections.
 It led to the establishment of a real twoparty system in the state
Rise of the two-party system
 Atlanta Democrat Cynthia McKinney
became the 1st African American woman from
GA elected to Congress
 In 1994, Republicans gained a majority in the
U.S. House of Representatives for the first
time in 40 years, and Georgia’s Newt
Gingrich was elected Speaker of the House.
 In 2002, Republicans ended 100 years of
Democratic rule by electing Sonny Purdue,
the first Republican governor since
Reconstruction .
1996 Olympic Games
 The games of the XXVI Olympiad were
held in Atlanta in 1996.
 The Olympics brought four long-term
benefits to the state.
 1) millions of dollars were spent to
create world-class competition facilities
 2) The Olympics brought international
recognition to Atlanta.
1996 Olympic Games
 3) The Olympics brought volunteer
programs , educational and training
programs, and employment
opportunities to thousands of Georgia’s
citizens.
 4) The economic impact of the
Olympic Games brought millions of
dollars into Georgia’s economy.
Evaluate the effect of the 1996
Olympic Games on Georgia.
Improved Economics
 $1 billion – public donated
 Ticket sales/corporate sponsorships
 New hotel rooms built (7500)
Total of 60,000 rooms in Atlanta area
 Themed restaurants opened
opening ceremonies
 City Improvements – millions from Federal Government
(sidewalks, street lighting, roads, signs, trees, and public parks)
 Spaced leased to venders along the streets
Immigrants
 GA is known throughout the world
as a leader in the production of
carpet. There are many carpet
mills and sales outlets for this
thriving industry in NW Georgia.
 Georgia centered this industry
around the city of Dalton (in
Whitfield County).
Immigrants continued
 As the industry grew, many jobs have
become available.
 Many of these jobs were filled by people
from Mexico and other Latin American
countries.
 The number of Hispanic immigrants has
been so large in some areas that they
constitute a majority in some school
districts.
Immigrants continued
 Immigrant populations impact
Georgia’s economy in a large way.
 Churches and ethnic businesses
have sprung up in many towns to
serve these people in areas
(bringing religious diversity to
communities).
Major League Sports
Atlanta business and civic leaders
of the 1960s decided to bring
professional sports teams to
Atlanta to improve Atlanta’s
image and generate millions of
dollars each year in revenue.
Major League Sports in Atlanta
 Baseball- Braves (came to Atlanta from
Milwaukee in 1966. Plays at Turner Field)
 Football- Falcons (came to Atlanta in 1966
as a league expansion team. Plays in GA
Dome)
 Basketball- Hawks (came to Atlanta in 1968
from St. Louis. Plays in Phillips Arena)
 Hockey- Thrashers (came to Atlanta in 1997
as a league expansion team. Plays in Phillips
Arena)
Major League Sports in Atlanta
Permanent
changes
Low-income housing converted
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to apartments &lofts to house athletes.
Individuals purchased housing/returned to city
Centennial Olympic Park – more green space
Centennial Olympic Game Museum
Atlanta's sports facilities - replaced or upgraded
International Tourism
increased
Number of conventions
increased
Olympic Torch
Lit by Muhammad
Ali
Centennial Olympic Park