Matter
Chapter 1:Section 1
• Anything that has mass and occupies
space.
• Chemistry is the study of matter
Describing Matter
• Substance – a
sample of matter
that has the same
composition and
properties
throughout.
Example: Elements
(gold and silver,
salt)
Terms
Luster – shininess
Malleable – able to be hammered
into shape
Ductile – able to be drawn into wire
Properties
1. Physical properties – characteristics
you can observe without changing the
makeup of the material
Examples: color, shape, smell, taste,
hardness, luster, ability to conduct
heat and electricity, attraction to a
magnet, malleability, ductility
Facts:
a. Physical properties of many materials
are related to the way they form
States of matter- physical properties
that tell you whether matter is solid
liquid or gas. Ex. Water-ice-water
vapor
4th state of matter- plasma
found in lightning bolts, neon signs
and stars
c. Density- physical property that
b. Physical properties of acids and
bases
relates the mass of something to how
much space it takes up
Acids: sour
“squeaky” feel
Bases: bitter
“slippery” feel
2. Chemical properties- characteristic
of a substance that allows it to change
to a new substance
Example:
a. Chemical properties of acids
• Corrodes metal
• Burns
• wood burning (flammability)
b.Chemical properties of bases
• Cut up apple turning brown (reaction
with oxygen)
• Smell strong
• Rust (ability to react with oxygen)
pH scale measures acids and bases
c.Reactions of acids and bases
• They react to form water and salts
• Can burn
Elements
Element- pure substance that cannot be
broken down to another substance by
chemical or physical means.
Atoms are the smallest piece of matter
Atoms combine through chemical bonds.
If two or more atoms combine a
molecule is formed
Compounds and Mixtures
1. Compound – pure substance whose
smallest unit is made up of atoms of
more than one element
Examples: water H2O
hydrogen peroxide H2O2
All compounds have chemical formulas
Application of formulas:
• Examples:
H2O two hydrogen atoms and one
oxygen atom
Formulas:
• Law of definite proportions – a given
compound is always made up of the same
elements in the same proportion by
mass
More examples:
Carbon monoxide CO
Carbon dioxide CO2
2. Mixture – two or more substances
(elements or compounds) that come
together, but don’t combine to make a
new, pure substance.
– Each substance keeps its own
properties
H2SO4 two hydrogen atoms one sulfur
atom and four oxygen atoms
•Main types of mixtures
• Homogeneous mixture – the same
throughout
Example: air (uniform mixture of
gases), sugar water
• Heterogeneous mixture – can see the
different parts
Example: sand and water, pizza, any
type of solution where you see particles
Separating Mixtures
•
•
•
•
Attract metals with a magnet
Add water then filter
Boil liquid out (distilling)
Evaporate