Chapter
6:TheDuelforNorthAmerica,
1608-1763 47
9.
mutinous Concerningrevolt by subordinate
soldiersor seamenagainsttheir commanding
officers."But he failedto find the Mississippidelta, . . . andwas murderedby his mutinous
men."(p. 109)
10. strategic Concerningthe placementand plannedmovementof large-scale
military forcesso as to
gain advantage,usually prior to actualengagementwith the enemy."Commandingthe mouth of
the MississippiRiver, this strategicsemitropicaloutpostalso tappedthe fur tradeof the huge
interiorvalley."(p. 109)
I l.
I
guerilla warfare Unconventional
combatwagedby small military unitsusinghit-and-runtactics.
". . . so the combatants
wageda kind of primitiveguerillawarfare."(p. I l0)
12. sallies (sally) ln warfare,very rapid mititary movements,usually by small units, againstan enemy
forceor position."For their partthe British colonistsfailed miserablyin salliesagainstQuebec
and Montreal.. . ." (p. I l0)
13. siege A military operationof surroundingand attackinga fortified place,often over a sustained
period."After a ten-hoursiegehe was forcedto surrender.. . ." (p. I l3)
14. regulars Trainedprofessional
soldiers,as distinctfrom militia or conscripts.". . . they had fought
bravelyalongsidethe crackBritishregulars.. . ." (p. I l6)
15. commissionsAn official certificationgrantinga commandingrank in the armedforces.". . . the
British refusedto recognizeany Americanmilitia commission.. . .,' (p. I l7)
PARTll: CHEGKING
YOURPROGRESS
A. True-False
Where the statementis true, circle T; where it is false,circle F.
|. ( T j F
\/'
2 ' 0
30'
4 r0
s r 0
6r0
7 0 F
8C'
s r0
Frenchcolonizationwas latedevelopingbecauseof internalreligiousand political
conflict.
The Frenchempire in North America restedon an economicfoundationof forestryand
sugarproduction.
Early imperialconflictsin North Americaoften saw the Frenchand their Indianallies
engagingin guerrilla warfareagainstBritish frontier outposts.
Colonistsin BritishNorth Americamanagedto avoid directinvolvementin most of
Britain's"world wars" untilthe Frenchand IndianWar.
In the early seventeenthcentury,both Franceand Englandcommitted largeregular
forcesto what they consideredthe crucial strugglefor control of North America.
GeorgeWashington'sbattleat Fort Necessitysubstantiallyresolvedthe issueof control
of the Ohio Valley.
The Albany Congressdemonstrateda strongdesireamongsome English coloniststo
overcometheir differencesand control their own affairs.
William Pitt's successfulstrategyin the Frenchand Indian War was to concentrate
British forcesand try to capturethe strongholdsof Louisbourg,Quebec,and Montreal.
British regulartroopsunder GeneralBraddocksucceededin capturingthe key French
forts in the Ohio Valley.
Copyright
@Houghton
MifllinCompany.
All rightsreserved.
48
1608-1763
Chapter
6:TheDuelforNorthAmerica,
r o' 0
ll. T
12. T
0
0
'r0
The Frenchand Indian War left Francewith only Louisianaas a remnantof its oncemighty North Americanempire.
Americansoldiersgainednew respectfor British military men afterthe British success
againstthe French.
The Americancolonistsenthusiasticallyunited in patriotic supportof the British cause
againstthe French.
The removalof the Frenchthreat madeAmerican colonistsmore secureand therefore
lessreliant on the mother country for protection.
,00
,5.0
A British commanderusedthe harshtacticsof distributing blanketsinfectedwith
Pontiac'sIndianuprising.
smallpoxto suppress
The British government'sattemptto prohibitcolonialexpansionacrossthe
AppalachianMountainsarousedcolonial angerand defianceof the law.
B. MultipleChoice
Selectthe bestanswerand circle the correspondingletter.
l.
Comparedwith the Englishcolonies,New Francewas
more wealthy and successful.
betterableto maintainconsistentlvfriendlv relationswith the Indians.
moreheavilypopulated.
A
governed.
(d ) moreautocratically
Yhe expansionof New Franceoccurredespecially
a.
b.
2.
in the interior mountainareas.
along
the pathsof lakesand rivers.
Qi
in areasalreadyoccupiedby English settlers.
c.
to the north of the original St. LawrenceRiver settlement.
d.
Colonial Americanswere unhappyafter the peacetreaty following the "War of Jenkins'sEar"
because
a.
3.
4.
it failed to settlethe issuethat had causedthe war.
it gavethe Louisbourgfortressthey had capturedback to France.
a,
it createdfurther conflicts with Spain.
c.
d.
it failed to deal with the issueof Indian attackson the frontier.
The original causeof the Frenchand Indian War was
5.
a.
conflict in EuropebetweenBritain and France.
b.
British removalof the "Acadian" Frenchsettlersfrom Nova Scotia.
competitionbetweenFrenchand Englishcolonistsfor land in the Ohio River valley.
O
A:
a Frenchattackon GeorgeWashington'sVirginia headquarters.
The Frenchand Indian War eventuallybecamepart of the largerworld conflict known as
a.
the SevenYears' War.
Q,
b.
the War of Jenkins'sEar.
c.
the War of the Austrian Succession.
King George'sWar.
d.
6. Benjamin Franklin's attemptto createintercolonialunity at the Albany Congressresultedin
c.
a permanentcooperativeorganizationof the colonies.
rejectionof the congress'sproposalfor colonial home rule both by London and by the
individualcolonies.
a sharpincreasein Indian attackson colonial settlements.
O Houghlon
MifffinCompany.
Allrightsreserved
Copyright
Chapter
6:TheDuelforNorthAmerica,
1608-1763 49
d.
a growingcolonialsympathywith Francein the war againstBritain.
The British forcessufferedearly defeatsin the Frenchand Indian War underthe overall command
7-
-q{
GeneralBraddock.
G'
b.
GeneralWashington.
c.
GeneralWolfe.
d.
GeneralMontcalm.
8.
William Pitt's strategyin the assaulton New Francefinally succeededbecause
a.
he was able to arousemore supportfor the war effort from the colonists.
he gave full supportto GeneralBraddockas commanderof the British forces.
,!.,
(". ] he concentratedBritish forceson attackingthe vital strongpoints of Quebecand Montreal.
if.- he was able to gain the supportof the British aristocracyfor the war effort.
9.
The decisiveeventin the French-Britishcontestfor North Americawas
..a. the British captureof Fort Duquesne.
b.
the British victory in the Battleof euebec.
I'-c.
the Americancaptureof the Louisbourgfortress.
d.
the British attackon the WestIndies.
10. Among the factorsthat tendedto promoteintercolonialunity duringthe Frenchand IndianWar
was
,1.-. religiousunity.
(b
) commonlanguageand wartimeexperience.
--c.
ethnicand socialharmony.
d.
improvedtransportationand settlementof boundarydisputes
I l. The Frenchand IndianWar weakenedinteriorIndianpeopleslike the lroquoisand Creeksby
a.
establishing
new Americansettlements
on their territory.
b.
eliminatingtheir most effectiveleaders.
endingtheir hopesfor diplomaticrecognitionin Europe.
f .
(d. .l removingtheir Frenchand Spanishalliesfrom canadaand Florida.
| 2. \P6ntiac's fierce affackon frontier outpostsin 1763had the effect of
a.
endinggood American-lndianrelationson the frontier.
reviving Frenchhopesfor a new war.
,9..
(". ) convincingthe British to keeptroopsstationedin the colonies.
n:
stoppingthe flow of wesfwardseftlement.
13. The British Proclamation
of I 763
was
welcomed
by most Americancolonists.
/A.
,\
( U ; angeredcolonistswho thoughtthat it deprivedthem of the fruits of victory.
Y
was aimed at further suppressingthe Frenchpopulationof Canada.
d.
haltedAmericanwestwardsettlementfor severalyears.
14. The Frenchand Indian War createdconflict betweenthe British and the American military
because
l t
t
.
the American soldiershad failed to supportthe British military effort.
the British regularshad carriedthe brunt of the fighting.
.b.
(" , British officers treatedthe Americancolonial militia with contempt.
Americansoldiersrefusedto acceptordersfrom British officers.
n:
15. The effect on the colonistsof the Frenchremovalfrom North America was
a.
to increasetheir gratitudeto Britain for defendingthem in the war.
to createnew threatsto colonial expansionfrom Spainand the Indians.
A
to reducethe colonies'relianceon Britainand increasetheir senseof independence.
(" )
Y
to focus colonial energieson trade.
a.
Copyright
@Houghton
MifflinCompany.
All rightsreserved
Chapter
6:TheDuelforNorthAmerica,1608-1763
50
C. ldentification
Supplythe correctidentificationfor eachnumbereddescription.
t.
who were grantedtolerationby the Edict of Nantesin 1598
Prorestants
huq'dtnCi5p."n"h
'
but not permittedto settle in New France
2.
t-Ct \S' X l\
3.
iXJ [\ \ \if P Animal whose pelt providedgreatprofits for the Frenchempire and enhanced
Europeanfashionat enormousecologicalcost
AbsoluteFrenchmonarchwho reignedfor seventy-twoyears
FrenchCatholicreligiousorderthat exploredthe North Americaninteriorand
soughtto protectand convert the Indians
4.
5 .tf-)ilQ11
C\i. F"!,tl""'"g,high-living
French
turtrappers
n LFIiJ or u certainBritishnavalofficer'sanatomythat setoff an imperialwar
with Spain
6.
QgI-Ed
7.
handedbackto
by New Englandsettlers,
LCU iSbtt, Ikttrategic Frenchfortressconquered
againby theBritishin 1759
andfinallyconquered
theFrench,
theFrenchandlandbetween
0-!01\[9nluna riverterritory,sceneof fiercecompetition
speculating
Englishcolonists
8.
t\l
g.
k\UruLnJ
theaterof theSevenYears'War,whereFrederickthe
' eloodiestEuropean
Great'stroopsdrainedFrenchstrengthawayfromNorth America
by his etoquent
| 0. ft \ l';Crf f i t \bSI-$J[n effortthatBenjaminFranktinnearlytedto success
\
leadership
andcartoonartistry
t
tpJiltt$
I l . h\l t"!l\\lt
of BritishGeneralBraddockanddefenderof the frontierafter
"ide
Braddock's
defeat
12.
(}\i ii bU t, Fortress
boldlyassaulted
by GeneralWolfe,spellingdoomfor New France
r3.
t^n\ \ t \f Ct
14.
"1 \\t,.,iCil'15elli.t of theFrenchagainst
to fightunderPontiac
theBritish,whocontinued
whosemilitarysuccess
did nothingto alter
The"buckskin"colonialsoldiers
Britishofficers'contempt
even after the peacesettlementtn 1763
15. 1
qti':
\V\$h"
lu.g". Europeanstruggleof which the Frenchand Indian War was part
D. Matching People,Places,and Events
Match the person,place,or eventin the left column with the properdescriptionin the right column by
insertingthe correctletter on the blank line.
l.
$
2.
ll
Samuelde Champlain
a.
Advocateof colonial unity at a 1754
meetingin upstateNew York
b.
British documentthat arousedcolonial
angerbut failed to stop frontier
expansion
c.
Frenchcolonistsin Nova Scotia
brutally uprootedby the victorious
British and shippedto Louisiana
d.
Conflict that startedwith the War of
Robertde la Salle
1
3.
V
Albany
4.
D
War of Austrian Succession
5.
5
Fort Duquesne
t -
6.
_-||
GeorgeWashington
7.
-fr
Benjamin
Franklin
MifninCompany.
Copyright
O Houghton
Allrightsreserved.
Chapter
6:TheDuelfor NorthAmerica,1608-176351
8.
9.
t0.
Il.
12.
13.
14,
t5.
h
GeneralBraddock
c
Jenkins'sEar and endedwith the return
of Louisbourgto France
William Pitt
T
Plainsof Abraham
+
I
e.
SevenYears' War
Indian leaderwhosefrontieruprising
causedthe British to attemptto limit
colonialexpansion
Pontiac
h
Proclamation
of 1763
e
New Orleans
o
StrategicFrenchoutpostat the mouth
of the Mississippi
{t
BlunderingBritish officer whose defeat
gavethe advantageto the Frenchand
Indians in the early stagesof their war
h.
The Fatherof New France,who
established
a crucialalliancewith the
Huron Indians
Acadians(Cajuns)
Site of the deathof GeneralsWolfe and
Montcalm,whereFrance'sNew World
empirealsoperished
J.
StrategicFrenchstronghold;later
renamedafter a great British statesman
k.
Militia commanderwhosefrontier
skirmish in Pennsylvaniatouchedoff a
world war
Site of a meetingthat proposedgreater
unity and homerule amongBritain's
North Americancolonies
m.
Conflict that beganwith George
Washington'sskirmishin Ohio and
endedwith the loss of France'sNorth
Americanempire
Frenchempirebuilderwho explored
the MississippiBasinand namedit
after his monarch
SplendidBritishoratorand organizer
of the winning strategyagainstthe
Frenchin North America
E. PuttingThings in Order
Put the following eventsin correctorder by numberingthem from I to 10.
r
2.
a
a
Lt
3.
1
4 . 4
A virginia militia commanderattemptsan unsuccessfulinvasionof the ohio
Valley.
The "Great Commoner"takescommandof the British governmentand its war
effort.
Tolerationof FrenchHuguenotsbrings religiouspeaceto France.
New Franceis founded"one vear after Jamestown.
Copyright
O Houghton
MifflinCompany.
Alldghtsreserved,
52
1608-1763
Chapter
6:TheDuelforNorthAmerica,
5 t 0
Ll
6.
q
8.
b
9.
1
v
10.
Britain issuesa proclamationto prohibitcolonialexpansionand therebyprevent
anotherIndianwar.
The second"world war" betweenFranceand Britain ends in British victory and
the acquisitionof Acadia.
British victory on the Plainsof Abrahamsealsthe fate of New France.
Returnof Louisbourgfortressat the end of King George'sWar angerscolonial
New Englanders.
War beginsbadly for the British when Braddockfails to take Fort Duquesne.
A greatempirebuilderexploresLouisianaand claimsit for the Frenchking.
F. MatchingGauseand Effect
Match the historicalcausein the left column with the propereffect in the right column by writing the
correctletter on the blank line.
l.
2.
3.
Y
q
c
4.
t
5.
J
6.
ft
7.
!
1
-D
10. b
9.
Effect
Cause
The Frenchfur trade
a.
The four "world wars" between
I 688 and I 763
PromptedwidespreadIndian assaults
on the weakly defendedcolonial
frontier
Competitionfor land and furs in
the Ohio Valley
Led to Washington'sexpeditionand
battlewith the Frenchat Fort Necessify
The summoningof the Albany
Congressby the British
William Pitt's assumptionof
control of British governmentand
strategy
d.
Decimatedbeaverpopulationswhile
spreadingthe Frenchempire
g
D'
Were echoedby four small wars
betweenFrenchand British subjectsin
North America
h.
Representedthe first major attempt at
intercolonialunity
ColonialAmericansmugglingand
trading with Frenchenemy
of the
British issuance
Proclamation
of 1763
Braddock'sdefeatat Fort
Duquesne
Heightenedcolonialangerand
encouragedillegal westwardexpansion
IncreasedAmericanmilitary
confidenceand resentmentof British
redcoats
Wolfe's victory over Montcalm at
Quebec
The colonialmilitia's military
successin the Frenchand Indian
War
Resultedin decisiveFrenchdefeatand
British dominationof North America
IncreasedBritish govemment'sdisdain
for colonial Americansand raised
doubtsabouttheir loyalty to the empire
Endeda string ofdefeats and turned
the Frenchand Indian War in Britain's
favor
Allrightsreserved
O Houghton
MifflinCompany.
Copyright