INF[5/9]910CPS
*
A presentation of
by Jan Kleissl & Juvraj Agarwal, 2010
By Kristoffer Robin Stokke & Stig Magnus Halvorsen
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Zero Net Energy Building
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Buildings with zero net
annual energy consumption
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*Buildings approxemately ...
*use 70% of total electricity usage
*emit 40% of total greenhouse gases (GHG)
*... annualy in the USA
*Offices and homes will exceed 3x the
energy use of data centers by 2020
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«What are the interdependencies and
opportunities for optimization across
the two modalities of energy use?»
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Large potential for energy savings
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1.A careful examination of the CSE
«mixed use» building’s energy
consumption.
2.Virtual Experiment: how the CSE
building can become a ZNEB
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Measurements of the Computer Science & Engineering building (CSE)
* Peak power consumption occurs during working hours
* Ventilation has the largest dynamic variation
* Also the only load that conforms to the occupancy cycle
* Baseline load remains at 325kW during off hours
* 50-80% of the baseline load is equipment
* It’ not being turned off outside
working hours
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*Interior lighting
*Dimming all lights
*LEDs
*Daylighting
*Equipment
*Energy efficent and smart standby
mechanisms during off-hours
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*Cooling & ventilation
*Model Predictive Control (MPC)
implementation during design phase
*Use of additional external data
*Wheater data
*Time-of-use energy prices
*Energy load forecasts
*Replacing fans and pumps
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*Utilize energy saving architectures
* Somniliquy and SleepServers
* Remove 50% of physical servers
*Use LED bulbs and motion sensors
*Set the climate system to adjust after actual demand
*Replace fans and pumps with more efficient units
*Install a 450kW solar PhotoVoltaics array on the roof
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*80% reduction in lighting
*60% reduction for computing
*50% reduction for server rooms
*20% reduction for mechanical loads
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*Price of implementations
*Annual savings of $450k
*5.3 years payback time
*Solar PV at night
*Requires external power
*Might be solved with power storage
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*Research climate
* Are the statistics valid for different climates?
* Will solar power be sufficient in other climates?
*Skipping other energy consumpting factors
* Could they achieve even more efficiency by including
them?
*Server reduction
* Have they minded the compact of productivity?
*Ventilation adjustments
* Are the assumptions valid, when they don’t mention the
suggested adjustments?
*Research genuinety
* Is a virtual experiment sufficent?
* Should they research more than one building?
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All data and figures are fetched from the paper:
by Jan Kleissl & Juvraj Agarwal, 2010
ACM 978-1-4503-0002-5/10/06
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