Promotion of
Resource-Circulating
Society
Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI
Chair, Central Environment Council, Planning Committee on
Sound Material-Cycle Society, Government of Japan
Vice President for International Relations
The University of Tokyo
OECD-UNEP Conference on Resource Efficiency
April 24, 2008
Outline
1. The 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing
a Sound Material-Cycle Society
2. “Spheres of Resource–Circulation” at East
Asia
3. International Cooperation through 3R
Activities, particuraly in Asia
1. The 2nd Fundamental
Plan for Establishing a
Sound Material Cycle
Society (SMCS)
Japan's strategy for a Sustainable
Society
(Cabinet Meeting Decision on June 1, 2007)
Integrating 3 Aspects of a Sustainable Society
Climate change and
energy/resources
Reduce greenhouse gas
emissions drastically
A Sustainable Society
A Low Carbon
Society
Coexist in harmony with
Earth’s ecosystems
and realize an economic society that enjoy a
sustainable growth and development
Recycling resources
through 3R
A Sound MaterialCycle Society
Ecosystems and
environmental load
Climate change
and ecosystems
AASociety
Societyin
inHarmony
Harmonywith
withNature
Nature
Enjoy and pass on nature's
blessings
http://www.env.go.jp/en/focus/070606.html
Overview of the 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing a SMCS
Current situation and Issues
Activities of stakeholders
Partnership and Collaboration
Mutual collaboration of every stakeholders
z Need to respond to global environmental issues
such as worldwide resource limitation as well as
global warming
z Necessary to further develop sound material cycle
societies by the 3Rs
Citizens
Campaign of
life style change
National government
Partnership among
stakeholders &
implementation of
nation-wide activities
Mid-to-long term image of SMS
z Realize “Stock-based Society”
z Regionally-characteristic SSMS (Spheres of
Sound Material Cycle)
Local governments
Partnership with
stakeholders and
implementation of
nation-wide activities
Businesses
-implementation of the 3Rs
-inter-industrial collaboration
NGO/NPO and
Universities and others
-Interface of collaboration
and partnership
-info. dissemination
Indicators and targets
1 Material Flow–based Indicators
Numerical target setting（FY 2000-2015）
“Input”: Resource Productivity → 420 KJPY/tn
(60% increase)
“Recycle": Cyclical use Rate → about 14-15%
(40-50% increase)
“Output" :Final Disposal Amount → about 23 mil. tn
(60% reduction)
2
Indices related to effort
Numerical target setting
Reduction of municipal solid waste
Reduction of final disposal of industrial waste
→ About 60% reduction from FY 2000
Changes in awareness and actions of citizens
→ awareness: about 90%
actions: about 50%
Promotion of SMC Businesses
→ Double the market for Sound Material Cycle
businesses from FY 2000
１
Spheres of Sound Material Cycle
International Material Cycle
Domestic Material Cycle Regional Material Cycle Local Material Cycle Households/ Retailers
Material Use
Final Disposal
Village B
City A
Reuse & Recycling
Reusing/
Repairing of
materials/
devices,
diversion of used
cooking oil, etc.
Town C
City D
Separate collection
Community‐based
Sound
Material Cycle
Use of Biomass
Recycling Heat Recovery
Circulative
resources
considered as
economically
efficient and
environmentally
preferable with
smaller impact.
Circulative resources which are
most efficiently processed in the
area where environmental
business is well-developed and
active (i.e., metal, soil and stone
resources, and any material that
requires extra treatment
processes and/or care before
disposal, etc.)
Utilization of circulative resources
based on the characteristics of each
country (low wages, high
technological advantage, etc.) that
require high recycling technologies.
In Japan, for example, trace amounts
of rare metals can be efficiently
recycled, which requires advanced
recycling technologies.
Material Flows in Japan
Changes from FY 2000 to FY 2005
FY2000
FY2005
Products （48）
(Unit: million ton)
Products （56）
(Unit: million ton)
exports （120）
exports（159）
Resources
（752）
Net addition to stock （1,110）
Imports
（800）
Resources
（759）
Total material
input
（2,138）
Domestic
resources
（1,125）
Natural resources
and the like input
（1,925）
Returned to nature
（84）
Energy consumption
emissions from industrial processes
(500）
compost（16）
Net addition to stock （817）
Imports
（815）
Domestic
resources
（831） Natural resources
Total material
input
（1,874）
and the like input
（1,646）
Food consumption （97）
* Water Content etc
Generation of waste
and the like
（595）
（299）
* Water included, etc
（289）
Reduction （241）
Energy consumption
emissions from industrial processes
（498）
Returned to nature
（82）
compost（15）
Food consumption （95）
Generation of waste
and the like
（579）
Reduction （238）
Final disposal
（57）
Final disposal
（32）
Amount of cyclical use [reuse + recycle] （228）
Amount of cyclical use [reuse + recycle] （213）
*Water Content etc.: Water included in wastes and the like (sludge, animal manure, human waste, waste acids, waste alkali), and the soil and sand associated
with Economic activity (sludge from Mining, construction and water works industries and tailing from mining )
The Enhancement of Indicators under the New Fundamental
Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society
（material flow based indicators）
The 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society
1 Indicators with target setting
1) “Input": Resource Productivity “GDP / Natural resources”
2) “Recycle": Cyclical use Rate “Amount of cyclical use/ Amount of cyclical use+natural resources”
3) “Output": Final Disposal Amount “Final disposal amount of waste”
2 Supplementary indicators with target setting
1)
2)
Resource productivity not including resource input of soil and stone
Collaboration with the action for low carbon society
- the amount of reduction by the measures of waste sector to reduce GHGs emission
- GHGs emission associated with waste sector and fossil fuels to be substituted by waste
power generation （measurement）
3 Indicators to monitor progress
1) Resource productivity related to fossil fuels
2) Input rate of biomass resources
3) Hidden Flow and TMR （Total Material Requirement） （the example of estimation：about 21 times
larger than the import of metal resources）
4) Indicators considering international resource circulation
5) Resource productivity of each industrial sector
Material Flow-based Indicators
-Indicators with target setting-
Plan
•Cyclical use Rate
10%→ about 14-15%
（40-50% increase）
•Final Disposal Amount
57 million tons→ about
23 million tons
（about 60% reduction）
Current
target
60%
improvement
over 15 years
30% Increase
from the current
target
（42）
（37）
30% Increase
（33）
（26）
(14～15）
(14）
(12.2）
Cyclical use rate(%)
2000→2015
•Resource Productivity
260 thousand yen/ton
→ 420 thousand
yen/ton
（60% increase）
Resource productivity (ten thousand yen/ton)
The
2nd
６
The Enhancement of Indicators under the New
Fundamental Plan for Establishing SMCS
（Indices Related to Efforts）
The 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society
1. Indicators with target setting
1) Reducing the Quantity of Waste (municipal solid waste and industrial waste)
2) Changes in Thoughts and Actions to Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society
3) Promoting Sound Material-Cycle Society Businesses
(green purchasing, environmental business management, sound material-cycle society business
market)
4) Steady implementation of individual recycling laws
2. Indicators to monitor progress
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
market size of rental and lease service, the delivery rate of refillable products
refuse rate of plastic bag, the sales of disposable goods
the size of used product market, the use rate of reusable bin
the number of stadium which introduced “reuse cup”.
the number of local Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society
the implementation rate of local governments charging waste management
the number of facilities for material recovery
recycle rate of municipal solid waste, the implementation rate of local governments conducting
sorted collection of containers and packaging etc.
9) the number of environmental education and mutual exchange events organized by local
governments
2. Spheres of
Resource–Circulation
at East Asia
Worldwide Waste Problems and
Present Status in Asia
◆ In line with the economic growth and population increase in Asia and other
parts of the world, the amount of waste generation is increasing worldwide, and
the quality of waste is diversifying. The global waste generation is expected to
more than double in 2050, compared to the 2000 level.
Future prospects of waste generation amount in the world [2000-2050]
100million
億ton/年
ton
/year
300
Solid Waste Generation in the World 2000-2050
2050: about 27 billion tons
2000: about 12.7 billion tons
250
200
2025: about 19 billion tons
2015: about 17 billion tons
150
100
50
0
2000
ASIA
2005
Europe
2010
2015
Northern America
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Latin America and the Caribbean
2045
Africa
2050
Ocea
Source: Yoshizawa, Tanaka, et al. Research on estimation of the world waste generation amount and future prospects
12
Tightening Resource and Energy Supplies
◆ As a result of dynamic demand for resources in China and other areas, the prices of
natural and circulative resources are soaring.
◆The export of circulative resources is increasing from Japan to other Asian countries.
Soaring prices of natural and
circulative resources
32,200
30,700
30,000
25,000
20,000
19,200
20,300
21,300
The prices of
iron and steel
scrap rose to
160% from
2003 to 2006.
23,200
22,600
21,700
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
Note: The prices of iron and steel scrap are the
delivered cash prices of H2 (indicators for
domestic iron and steel scrap).
Source: Japan Iron and Steel Recycling Institute
[Import CIF prices of crude oil]
(Dollar/barrel)
70
64.44
59.89
60
The prices of
crude oil rose
to approx.
250% from
2001 to 2006.
50
39.90
40
30
25.71
28.01
27.94
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: Trade of Japan, Ministry of Finance
Iron and steel scrap
8,000
7,000
Others
他
South Korea
6,000
Taiwan
5,000
Hong Kong
4,000
China
中国
3,000
2,000
1,000
0 1990
1995
2000
2005
Copper scrap
500
Others
他
400
Taiwan
Hong Kong
300
China
200
100
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
Amt of export (1,000 tons)
[Prices of iron and steel scrap]
Amt of export (1,000 tons)
(Yen/t)
35,000
Amt of export (1,000 tons)
High
Low
Amt of export (1,000 tons)
Changes in the export of
circulative resources
Used paper
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
Others
他
South Korea
古紙
Taiwan
Hong Kong
China 0
2,000
中国
1,500
1,000
500
0 1990
1995
800
600
2005
Waste plastics
1,200
1,000
2000
Others
その他
台湾
Hong Kong
香港
China
中国
Taiwan
400
200
0 1990
1995
2000
Source: Trade Statistics, Ministry of
13Finance
2005
Basic Approach toward an International Sound
Material-Cycle Society
Domestic
Circulation
Domestic
Circulation
International
Circulation
National
boundary
Source: documents from the Central Environmental Council
(1) Placing priority
on improvement of
the domestic 3R
capacity
(2) Simultaneously
enhancing and
reinforcing activities
to prevent illegal
import/export of
waste
When (1) and (2) are
successfully
implemented,
(3)Facilitating
import/export of CR
as complementary to
domestic circulation
in each country
3. International
Cooperation through 3R
activities in Asia
Japan’s Action Plan for
a World-Wide Sound Material-Cycle Society
Realize a Zero-Waste Society
in Japan and transmit its
experiences to the world
Support to Developing Countries for
Developing Zero Waste Society
Promote international cooperation to
spread a zero-waste society in the world
•Work with various countries and organizations to develop zero-waste policies
(organizing senior officials meetings to follow-up the 3R Initiative)
•Reinforce the knowledge and technology base for the development of a zerowaste society in Asia (establishing an East Asia 3R research network)
•Promote zero-waste actions through information transmission and networking
16
Promotion of the 3Rs in Asia
Problems
Approach
・Increasing quantities
and diversifying qualities of wastes
・Trans-boundary movement
・Soaring resource prices
of waste and circulative resources
Promotion of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and appropriate
management of wastes
⇒More efficient use of resources and materials, and reduction of environmental impact
Establish a Sound Material Cycle Society in Asian region
as a Win-Win solution
Held Policy Dialogues in Asia
Activities
E-waste measures
Supporting the formulation of
3R promotion strategies in
individual countries
Disseminate
Japan’s experience
Prevention of illegal export
and import
Development of Hub for
accumulating information and
technology
Development of research
network
Regional Forum on
Environment and Health
Collaboration
with
international
organizations
•Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
•United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD)
•Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
•United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
•Basel Convention Secretariat •Asia Development Bank (ADB)
Actions against Illegal Import/Export of Hazardous Waste
The Asian Network for Prevention of Illegal
Transboundary Movement of Hazardous
Wastes
Environmentally sound management of
E-waste in the Asia-Pacific region
Support Basel Convention’s Project
on “environmentally sound
management of E-waste in the
Asia-Pacific region”
Cooperation with Asian
Countries
-Organize Workshop
-Survey on the amount of E-Waste
generation (Thailand, Malaysia and
others)
Organization of workshop
TV claiming as
secondhand Goods
Boards plotted for export
by being mixed with
other cargo
Explanatory meeting of
the Japan’s Basel Law
Outdoor AC unit claiming
for reuse purpose
Implementation of
consultation with exporters
Number of consultations
（環境省・経産省合計）er
年度別事前相談件数
of
Pr i or Consul t at i on
19000
Enhancement of National
Monitoring System
20000
13500
15000
10000
4953
7187
5000
0
2003
H15年度
2004
H16年度
2005
2006
H17年度 H18年度
Cargo inspection
Japan’s Bilateral Activities for 3Rs
Asia
Korea
Japan – Korea Waste Recycling
Policy Dialogue
China
Japan –China Waste Recycling Policy
Dialogue
Thailand
National 3R strategy (planned)
Philippines
National 3R strategy (planned)
Bangladesh
National 3R strategy (planned)
Cambodia
National 3R strategy (planned)
Singapore
Bilateral policy dialogue
Vietnam
National 3R strategy (planned)
Indonesia
National 3R strategy (planned)
19
*In Mexico JICA supports the development of national 3R program since 2007.
2nd Asia 3R Conference
Date : March 18 - March 19, 2008
Venue Mita Conference Hall,
Tokyo, Japan
Participating Countries &
Int’l Organizations :
Dep’t heads and deputy heads
from 19 Asian countries
and 7 int’l organizations
Overview of results:
-This Conference is considered a part of preparation for discussion on
3R activities at the G8 Environment Ministers Meeting scheduled in May, 2008
-Participants actively exchanged opinions on such issues as improvement of
resource productivity, co-benefit aspects of 3R with efforts against
global warming, international co-operation.
-Participants shared the recognition concerning the significance of
proper resource circulation and improvement of resource productivity
in Asian Region.
Regional Forum on Environment and Health
in Southeast and East Asian countries
(WHO/UNEP)
1. Objective of the forum
･Effectively addressing environmental and health issues through enhanced regional abilities, and
･Promoting the implementation of regional environmental and health strategies and regulations.
2. Establishment of Thematic Working Group (TWG)
(1) Air quality and noise
(2) Water supply, hygiene and sanitation;
(3) Solid and hazardous waste
(4) Toxic chemicals and hazardous substances;
(5) Climate change, ozone depletion and ecosystem change; and
(6) Contingency planning, preparedness and response in environmental health emergencies
3. Waste Thematic Working Group
・Participants from 13 countries from southeast and
east Asia and international organizations
・Consider regional cooperation through analysis of
good practices and challenges mainly on urban
solid waste and medical waste
Thank
you!
Edo was once an ideal SMS city…