Table of Contents
Student Letter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
TEKS for English Language Arts and Reading Correlation Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 1 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Lesson 1
Roots and Affixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
TEKS for ELA and Reading
1.2 (A), 2 (D)
Lesson 2
Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.2 (B)
Lesson 3
Using a Dictionary, a Glossary,
and a Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2 (E)
Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 (C)
Lesson 4
Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Chapter 2 Reading Comprehension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Lesson 5
Ask and Answer Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Fig. 19 (B)
Lesson 6
Monitor Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Fig. 19 (A), Fig. 19 (C)
Lesson 7
Summarize and Paraphrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.Fig. 19 (E), 3.10 (A), 3.Fig. 19 (E)
Lesson 8
Make Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.Fig. 19 (D), 3.Fig. 19 (D)
Chapter 3 Literary Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Lesson 9
Plot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
2.6 (A)
Lesson 10
Point of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.6 (C)
Lesson 11
Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2.3 (A)
Lesson 12
Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.6 (B)
Lesson 13
Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
1.3 (C)
Lesson 14
Traditional Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
2.3 (B)
Lesson 15
Poetry and Literary Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.4 (A), 2.8 (A)
Lesson 16
Drama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2.5
Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4 • Chapter X: Name of Chapter
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Chapter 4 Nonfiction Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Lesson 17
Text Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
TEKS for ELA and Reading
3.10 (C)
Lesson 18
Author’s Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
1.9 (A)
Lesson 19
Persuasive Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
3.10 (B), 3.11 (B)
Lesson 20
Graphic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.12 (B)
Lesson 21
Following Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
12 (A)
Lesson 22
Media Literacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
2.13 (A), 2.13 (B), 3.13 (A),
3.13 (B), 13 (C), 13 (D)
Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Chapter 5 Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Lesson 23
Comparing Author’s Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Lesson 24
Comparing Nonfiction Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
1.11 (A), 1.Fig. 19 (F), 3.10 (D)
1.7 (A), 1.Fig. 19 (F), 3.10 (D)
Chapter 5 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Mechanics Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Practice Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
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Lesson
1
Roots and Affixes
1.2 (A), 2 (D)
Getting the Idea
A root is the base, or main part, of a word. Many words in English have Latin
and Greek roots. When you come across an unfamiliar word, you can often
figure out what it means if you think about the meaning of its root. For example,
read the sentence below.
Geoff visited the maritime museum on a school trip.
So what types of exhibits are found in a maritime museum? The Latin root mar
or mari means “sea.” Knowing the meaning of this root helps you figure out that
the word maritime means “of, or relating to, the sea.” A maritime museum would
include exhibits of ships and artifacts discovered by deep-sea divers.
Latin Root
aqua
bene
cred
liber
manu
vert
vis
Meaning
water
good
believe
free
hand
turn
see
Examples
aquarium
benefactor, benefit
credible, credulous
liberation, liberty
manual, manufacture
invert, convert
vision, visor
Greek Root
cycle
demos
graph
mono
scope
therm
Meaning
circle
people
write
one
look
heat
Examples
motorcycle, recycle
democracy, democrat
autograph, telegraph
monopoly, monologue
telescope, periscope
thermometer, Thermos
Cognates are words from different languages that derived from the same root,
or have a common origin. For instance, the words father (English), père (French),
and padre (Spanish) are cognates derived from the Latin root pater, which
means “father.”
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Here are some Latin and Greek roots.
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Lesson 1: Roots and Affixes
An affix is a set of letters added to the beginning or end of a root word to change its
meaning. A prefix is an affix added to the beginning of a word. A suffix is an affix added to
the end of a word.
Prefix
anti-
Meaning
against
Examples
antibacterial, antiwar
Suffix
-able,
-ible
-fy
ex-
out
extract, exhale
il-
not
illegal
Meaning
worthy or
capable of
to cause to
become, make
-ic, -ical of, relating to
im-, in-
not
immature, insecure
-ish
inter-
between
intercept, interstate
-ist
micro-
small
microphone, microfilm -ity
mis-
wrong
misread, misrepresent -ize
semi-
half, partly
semicolon, semisoft
sub-
under, below subzero, submarine
-ness
-ous
Examples
removable,
flexible
beautify,
simplify
heroic,
comical
relating to,
Swedish,
characteristic of childish
pianist, egoist
one who does
an action or has
a specific trait
state or quality authority,
possibility
to cause to
magnetize,
become, make pasteurize
state of
kindness,
something
silliness
full of,
joyous,
characterized by contagious
For example, read the following sentences.
Isabel could not find her multicolored umbrella.
The photograph was visual proof that Kate was lying.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
To figure out the meaning of multicolored, break it up into its parts. The root is color. The
prefix multi- means “many.” Isabel is looking for an umbrella of many colors.
To figure out the meaning of visual, break it up into its parts. As you learned on the previous
page, the root vis means “see.” The suffix -al means “relating to.” Therefore, visual means
“relating to sight.”
Many words and terms in English are borrowed from other languages. Some of these are
used so commonly that you may not even realize they come from other languages. The chart
below contains some examples.
Language
Spanish
French
Italian
Examples
cafeteria, rodeo, mosquito, tornado, salsa, canyon, plaza
déjà vu, chauffeur, brunette, encore, petite, ballet, carousel
soprano, lasagna, spaghetti, stanza, opera, piano, pepperoni
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Thinking It Through
Read the following paragraph, and then answer the question that follows.
Samir looked at his watch for the third time and wondered why the school
bus was not moving. The traffic light should have changed five minutes ago. He
looked out the window and noticed that cars were backed up in the next lane as
well. Up ahead, he spotted a police officer diverting traffic to Gaston Avenue.
Samir groaned. He didn’t know what the problem was, but one thing was
certain—he was going to be late for the history test.
HINT
The Latin root is vert, so use the meaning of this root to figure out the meaning of diverting.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
What is the meaning of the word diverting? Use the Latin root to determine the meaning of
this word.
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Lesson 1: Roots and Affixes
Coached Example
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Danielle finished packing her suitcase and wheeled it to the front door. Her
mother would be driving her to Bastrop in about twenty minutes. Danielle
stopped in the kitchen to pour herself a glass of iced tea, then sat on the living
room couch to wait for her mother. Glumly, she flipped through several TV
channels in a pointless attempt to entertain herself. She didn’t want to spend
a week at her grandparents’ house in Bastrop. When her mother had first told
her about the visit, Danielle had misunderstood. She had thought that her
grandparents were coming to her house, and she was glad about that. Then her
mother had explained that Danielle was the one doing the visiting. Her mother
thought it would be beneficial for Danielle to spend time in the country. Danielle
sighed and turned off the TV. Hopefully, her mother was right.
1.
Read this sentence from the passage.
When her mother had first told
her about the visit, Danielle had
misunderstood.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
What is the prefix in the word
misunderstood?
A. mis
B. un
C. under
D. stood
HINT
The prefix changes the meaning of the
root word.
2.
Read this sentence from the passage.
Her mother thought it would be
beneficial for Danielle to spend
time in the country.
Based on the root bene, you know that
the mother thinks that spending time in
the country
A. may not be for everyone.
B. is in Danielle’s best interest.
C. will be boring for Danielle.
D. is a form of punishment.
HINT
The root bene means good, so identify
the answer choice that relates to
something good.
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