Name ____________________________
Matter and the Amazing Atom
What’s Chemistry?
_______________________ is the study of matter.
______________ is anything that has _____________ and takes up space (_____________). D=m/v
Your turn: Give three examples of matter in this room.
1,__________________________
Note the states of matter.
2.__________________________
3.__________________________
Atoms
Matter is made of ________________.
Atoms are made of even smaller particles called ______________, _____________, and _________________.
An atom has two main parts: the ____________________ and the _______________________ that surrounds it.
Your turn: Make two observations from this diagram.
1. ________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________
The Nucleus- the “kernel”
An atom is made up of a ______________________ surrounded by one or more electrons.
The nucleus is the very small _______________________ of an atom.
It is made up of smaller particles called ________________ and ____________________.
Protons have a ______________________ (+) electric charge.
Neutrons are neutral and have __________(0) charge.
Your turnProtons are _______________________and _____________________ are neutral.
What does neutral mean?____________________________________________________________________
The Electron Cloud
The electrons that move rapidly around the nucleus have a ___________________(-) electric charge.
Electrons move rapidly __________________ the __________________.
Electrons may be anywhere within the electron cloud.
http://youtu.be/9qwBfBugo_A?t=44s
Your turn: What are the two main parts of an atom? ______________________and _________________________
What charge does an electron have? ___________________________
IONS= ++++ Atoms with a Charge----In a ________________ atom, the number of protons = electrons.
EX. An atom with 4 protons (positive charges) and
4 electrons (negative charges) has no charge.
The charges __________ ______ each other, making the atom ________________.
If an atom ___________ electrons, it will be ___________ negative and is called an ______________.
If an atom _____________ electrons, it is __________ negative and is called a _____________.
An atom with either a positive or negative charge is called an_______________.
Your turn: what makes an atom neutral? _____________________________________________________
What’s a positive ion called?________________________________________________________________
Protons determine the element
One atom is different from another atom if it has a different number of ______________
Hydrogen has only _____ (1) proton in its nucleus, while carbon has _______ (6) protons.
Hydrogen and carbon are called ________________.
An _______________ is made up of all the __________ atoms.
Every atom of an element has the same number of ___________.
The number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms is called the ___________ _____________.
It also tell you the number of ___________________ in a neutral atom. .
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/atom.htm
So, we would say that the _____________ _____________ of hydrogen is 1 and carbon is 6.
Your turn: Count the number of protons and electrons in each atom.
Write it down. ________ protons and ___________ electrons
Are they ions? Why or why not? ______________________________________________________________
What is the atomic number of Lithium? _____________ What is the atomic number of Helium?_____________
Mass –the measure of matter-Atomic Mass
_______________ is the measure of how much _____________(___________) is in a substance.
Atoms are so small their mass is measured in _____________________________ (amu).
One ________________ is about ________ atomic mass unit. (1 amu).
One __________ is about one atomic mass unit . (1 amu)
_________________ they make up mostly _________ the __________ of an atom.
The number of all the protons and all the neutrons ___________ together is called the
(____________) __________ __________.
Ex. Boron has ________ protons and ________ neutrons. Its (atomic) mass number is _______ amu
The Mass of Electrons
Electrons are much _________________.
It takes almost ____________ electrons to equal the mass of one proton.
Electrons, however, take up much __________________ in the atom than the nucleus.
Your turn: Why is the mass of electrons not calculated in the mass number of an atom?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Isotopes- Same element –Same atomic number but Different Mass Number
All atoms of the ____________ element have the same number of __________, or same ______________________.
Sometimes, they may can have __________________numbers of ____________________ and therefore,
have a different _____________ ________________.
_____________________are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
An isotope is identified by its _____________ _______________.
Your turn: What happens when you change the number of protons in an atom?______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
What happens when you change the number of neutrons? ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is the mass number for the first carbon atom?___________________________________________
Examples of Isotopes
Hydrogen, has 1 proton and 0 neutrons, its atomic ____________ __________ is 1 (1p +0 n=1amu)
and it is called ________________________.
An isotope of hydrogen is an atom with 1 proton and 1 neutron and it is called called ______________.
(1p+1n=2amu).
___________________________ is another isotope. (1p+2n=3amu).
The ________________________ of __________ the isotopes of an element is called the
__________________________. (not the same as (atomic) mass number.)
What’s the difference between atomic mass and (atomic) mass number?
http://moodle.fct.unl.pt/pluginfile.php/61092/mod_book/chapter/948/Yr_8/chemestry/atoms_and_element
s/nature_matter.swf
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/isotopes-and-atomic-mass