Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
Research
Wilberforce worked with the other members of the
Anti-Slavery Society to collect evidence to support the
campaign for the abolition of the slave trade. Thomas Clarkson
was one of the most prominent researchers. Between 1797 and
1794 Clarkson travelled over 35,000 miles to the port cities of
England, inspecting slave ships and interviewing crews –
encouraging those who disliked the treatment of slaves to give
evidence. He also collected items which showed the humanity and
civilised nature of the Africans in hope of changing the
misconceptions of them as uncivilised. He kept all his evidence in a
case which he carried with him at all times. Clarkson was the only
full-time member of the campaign and received so many death
threats that he took to travelling with a bodyguard. Wilberforce also
did a lot of research into the slave trade, so much so that he made
himself ill. Some days he would spend up to fourteen hours
investigating the treatment of slaves.
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10
9
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WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
Planning & Resources
The abolitionists had a clear aim: they wanted an end to slavery.
But they knew that this would be very difficult and so first set about
abolishing the slave trade in the British Colonies. As it took 18 years
from Wilberforce’s first anti-slave trade speech to parliament in 1789 to
the actual passing of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Bill in 1807 and a
further 26 years until the abolition of slavery in the British Colonies act
was passed this is a realistic and understandable plan of action. Asking
Wilberforce, a famous and popular politician, to be the figurehead of the
campaign increased the profile of the campaign and put it on the
political agenda.The Society of Friends (Quakers) in Britain had been
campaigning for the abolition of the slave trade for many years. They
presented the first significant anti-slavery petition to Parliament in 1783
and were instrumental in the forming of the Society for the Abolition of
the Slave Trade in 1787. The society soon grew and formed branches
throughout the country; it was these branches who campaigned on a
local level and achieved the national scale of support. There were many
people involved in the campaign, Wilberforce was the public figure-head
of the campaign but not the leader. Other campaigners who worked to
raise the profile of the abolition campaign included Granville Sharp, who
brought many cases of mistreated slaves to the courts, Thomas
Clarkson, who travelled the British Port Cities collecting evidence and
John Newton, an ex slave-ship captain turned Anglican priest who
testified against the conditions of the slave trade and wrote the hymn
‘Amazing Grace’. Several ex-slaves in England campaigned for abolition
including Ignatius Sancho and Olaudah Equiano who toured England
with his biography detailing the ordeal of the middle passage.
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
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Impact
9
10
9
10
WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
Leadership
Wilberforce first became interested in the slave trade
in 1787. He was supposedly asked by a friend, Lady Middleton (a
member of the Society of Friends), to use his power as an MP to
bring an end to the slave trade. Even though he did not feel like he
was the best person for the job Wilberforce became the spokesman
for the campaign. He gave his first speech against the Transatlantic
Slave Trade on 12th May 1789. Over the next 18 years Wilberforce
was committed to the campaign and continually raised the issue in
parliament. Between 1789 and 1807 Wilberforce introduced the
Abolition Bill in the House of Commons every year without success
but Wilberforce and the abolitionists persisted.
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C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
Communication
As the campaign meant changing society’s opinion as well as a
political change it was very important that the general public
were on the side of the abolitionists. Their support was gained by
telling them about how inhuman the Transatlantic Slave Trade was.
Wilberforce was a very eloquent speaker and in 1789 he gave his
most famous speech calling for the abolition of the slave trade. His
speech lasted around three hours. Because of his speech people
could no longer deny that the slave trade existed. Before Wilberforce’s
speech they could pretend ignorance as ships were full of cargo when
they left Britain and returned with goods. Speeches were just one way
the campaign was publicised, leaflets and posters were also used to
tell people about the horrors of the trade. As the campaign gained
support, many people attended local anti-slavery societies: eventually
there was a branch in every major town and city in the country.
Hundreds of petitions against the slave trade from every major town
and city in the country signed by hundreds of people were sent to
parliament. Women played an important part in the campaign by
encouraging people to sign petitions and participating in the sugar
boycott. By refusing to buy slave-grown sugar women were showing
their support of the abolition of the slave trade. The abolition campaign
had a very memorable logo. This was of a kneeling slave with the
inscription “am I not a man and a brother?” This image suited the
white abolitionists’ campaign because it created sympathy for the
‘poor’ slave. This logo became very fashionable and could be found
on many other items including tea sets, sugar bowls and cufflinks,
bracelets, earrings, pin badges and hair decorations.
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
Global Significance
Wilberforce’s campaign to end Britain’s involvement in the
transatlantic slave trade stayed within its original objectives
and the passing of the abolition of the slave trade in British
Colonies act had an impact on three continents: Europe, Africa
and America. However, the end of Britain’s involvement in the
trade was only ever intended to be the first step. After this was
achieved a campaign began to end slavery in the British Colonies.
Wilberforce was involved in this campaign as much as his health
would allow. Initially, only England in Europe and the British
Colonies in America were affected but gradually other European
countries campaigned for and achieved the abolition of the slave
trade and subsequently, of slavery itself in their colonies in the
Americas.
IMPACT
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6
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9
10
9
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
Impact
The abolition of the slave trade was not just a legal change,
but a major social and economic change. The abolitionists
achieved a very difficult challenge of changing the general public’s
opinion of slavery and the slave trade by campaigning in a very
gradual and effective way. The campaign eventually achieved its
aims and went on to successfully campaign for the abolition of
slavery itself in the British Colonies. The campaign in Britain
influenced others, in other countries involved in slave trading to
campaign for the abolition of slavery. The campaign did change
society’s opinion as today most people believe slavery is morally
wrong. The campaign for the abolition of the slave trade was the
first national campaign. Many campaigns continue to follow the
tactics used in this campaign today. Campaigns to end slavery
which still happens in the world today continue: Anti-Slavery
International claims it is roots in the Anti-Slavery society which
Wilberforce was involved in.
Planning & resources
7
Leadership
10
Communication
7
Global significance
5
Impact
10
MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR
Research
Living in the Deep South of the United States of America
Martin Luther King witnessed and experienced racism and
discrimination against African Americans everyday life. These
acts of discrimination were either required or allowed by the law.
Types of discrimination he experienced would have included racial
segregation, restricted voting rights or no right to vote at all, being
denied opportunities on the basis of skin colour and acts of violence
against African Americans. King travelled around America and would
have heard similar personal stories to those he had experienced at
home. King read books on Gandhi’s nonviolent civil disobedience
ideas and Henry David Thoreau and his theories on how to use
nonviolent resistance to achieve social change. In 1959 King visited
India and found out more about Gandhi’s nonviolent strategies.
PLANNING &
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8
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Impact
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MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR
Planning & Resources
In 1955 King helped form The Montgomery Improvement
Association (MIA) and became its leader. The MIA involved black
ministers and community leaders in Montgomery, Alabama and led
the Montgomery bus boycott, a successful campaign against racial
segregation on buses. This is what first put King in the national
spotlight. After the success of the Montgomery bus boycott King and
other southern black ministers founded the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957. The SCLC aimed to
coordinate local protest groups in the south of the USA. Martin
Luther King was, again, the leader of this the organisation. The
SCLC taught local communities to campaign using non-violent
methods. Throughout the 1960s the SCLC organised many mass
protest campaigns and voter registration drives in the South. King
first concentrated on ending racial discrimination in public places
and in employment. When this had been achieved he campaigned
for everyone, black and white, to have equal voting rights. Even
when these were achieved King continued to employ his strategy of
nonviolent social protest. He also broadened his agenda to
campaign against African American poverty and attempted to unite
poor whites and blacks in protests.
Planning & resources
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Impact
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MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR
Leadership
Martin Luther King was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. King
attended segregated public schools in Georgia and left high
school aged of fifteen. He graduated from Morehouse with a
Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology in 1948 and received a
Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1951. In 1955 King received a Doctor
of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in Systematic Theology at Boston
University. In 1953, age 24, King became pastor of the Dexter
Avenue Baptist Church, in Montgomery, Alabama. King married
Coretta Scott in 1953 and they had two sons and two
daughters.King was inspired by a lecture on Mahatma Gandhi and
the nonviolent civil disobedience campaign that he used
successfully against British rule in India. King believed the same
methods could be used by African Americans to gain civil rights in
America. King’s first major campaign was to end segregation on
buses. In 1955 Rosa Parks. a tired middle aged woman, refused to
give up her seat on a bus for a white man. Her arrest inspired King
and several others to organise the Montgomery Bus Boycott. For
thirteen months the 17,000 black people in Montgomery used
alternative methods to get around. Eventually, the bus company
ended segregation on their buses. Despite receiving harassment,
intimidation and attacks on his home King continued in his protest
for many years until he was assassinated on 4 April 1968.
COMMUNICATION
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LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR
Communication
King wrote a book called Stride Toward Freedom (1958) about
the Montgomery Bus Boycott and his views on non-violence
and direct action. This book influenced black students all over the
Deep South to stage sit-ins at places which refused to serve black
people and sitting in white only areas of public parks, swimming
pools, theatres, churches, libraries, museums and beaches. Despite
often being physically assaulted, students followed King’s nonviolent method and did not hit back. King wrote a number of other
books and papers on the issue of civil rights including Why We
Can't Wait (1964) and Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or
Community (1967). King made speeches all over the country at
rallies and marches, inspiring people to become involved in the civil
rights campaign. King’s most famous speech, I have a dream, was
given at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963.
The march was a great success and estimates for the number of
people who attended varied between 250,000 to 400,000. King
encouraged the sit-ins and economic boycotts like the Montgomery
Bus Boycott.
Planning & resources
7
Leadership
10
Communication
7
Global significance
5
Impact
10
MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR
Global Significance
King began by campaigning to end segregation on buses in
Montgomery. This campaign received so much support and was so
successful that it led to larger scale campaigns for bigger issues.
King’s campaign grew from a small-scale specific outcome to a
much wider concept: civil rights for black in America.
IMPACT
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8
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7
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10
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Impact
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR
Impact
In King’s lifetime two significant acts were passed by the
government: the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. The
1964 Civil Rights Act made racial discrimination in public places,
such as theatres, restaurants and hotels, illegal. It also required
employers to provide equal employment opportunities. The 1964
Voting Rights Act stopped state governments putting restrictions on
who could vote. Most of all these acts ended the legal apartheid in
the Deep South and changed the relationship between blacks and
whites. The campaign gave African Americans confidence to
campaign for equality. The civil rights campaign inspired campaigns
for women's rights. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference
still exists and is now a nationwide organisation. It continues to use
nonviolent action to campaign for social, economic and political
justice in issues such as racial profiling, police brutality, hate crimes,
and discrimination.
Planning & resources
8
Leadership
8
Communication
7
Global significance
5
Impact
9
EMMELINE
PANKHURST
Research
Pankhurst was informed of her campaign through her
personal experience of being a British woman who had no say
in the running of her country. Her parents were strong supporters
of the enfranchisement of women and thus, she was taught from an
early age to believe women’s suffrage was a civil right.
PLANNING &
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C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
RESEARCH
CAMPAIGNERS
EMMELINE
PANKHURST
Planning & Resources
Pankhurst campaigned for women in Britain to have the right
to vote (suffrage). Pankhurst knew she needed to mobilise other
women in the campaign for universal suffrage. In 1889 Emmeline
founded the Women's Franchise League, which fought to allow
married women to vote in local elections. In October 1903, she and
six other women including her daughter, Christabel, founded the
more militant Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) because
they felt frustrated that peaceful meetings were not having any
results. The WSPU members were known as the Suffragettes. The
organisation was formed in Manchester but relocated the
headquarters to London in 1906 where Emmeline ran the campaign.
In order to raise money for the women’s suffrage campaign the
WSPU organised a 'Self-Denial Week'; money saved through the
'self-denial' of luxuries could be donated to the suffrage cause.
Planning & resources
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EMMELINE
PANKHURST
Leadership
Pankhurst was born Emmeline Goulden on 14 July 1858 in
Manchester. Her parents were in favour of women’s suffrage
and she went to her first suffrage meeting at the age of 14. This
meeting interested and inspired her and she continued to attend
these meetings. Emmeline was involved in various campaigns
before the women’s suffrage campaign, including campaigns
against slavery and the Corn Laws. Emmeline married Richard
Marsden Pankhurst in 1879. He was a strong advocate of women’s
suffrage and encouraged Emmeline in her campaigns. Mr
Pankhurst was a lawyer and drafted an amendment to the
Municipal Franchise Act of 1869 which allowed unmarried women
householders to vote in local elections and wrote the Married
Women's Property Acts in 1870 and 1882.
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C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
EMMELINE
PANKHURST
Communication
The aim of the suffragette campaign was to achieve voting
rights for women. They did not have a logo but their slogan
was ‘votes for women’. This appeared on campaign banners and
pin badges amongst many other things. Handbills and posters were
also produced. The WSPU adopted purple, white and green as its
official colours. The suffragette’s campaign was a militant
campaign. Their tactics included demonstrations, marches,
window smashing, heckling politicians, chaining themselves
to railings, attacking policemen, slashing paintings, bombs and
arson. One suffragette, Emily Davison, ran out in front of the
king's horse during the Derby of 1913 and was killed. Like many
suffragettes, Mrs Pankhurst was arrested on numerous occasions.
When in prison she would go on hunger strike; this would result in
her being violently force-fed. Protests organised by the suffragettes
often turned into riots. Pankhurst also attempted other tactics such as
meeting with the Prime Minister. When war broke out the campaign
was suspended although Pankhurst encouraged women to take up
men’s jobs. She also visited the United States, Canada, and Russia
to encourage women to help with the war effort in the same way.
Some have argued that it was the less militant Suffragists and
women’s effort during the war which led to woman’s suffrage and
that the Suffragette’s militant tactics only hindered the campaign.
Planning & resources
8
Leadership
8
Communication
7
Global significance
5
Impact
9
EMMELINE
PANKHURST
Global Significance
Pankhurst campaigned for woman’s suffrage in Britain. She
did not see her campaign as having a wider global dimension and
the campaign stayed within the dimensions which were originally
defined.
IMPACT
7
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7
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8
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8
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7
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5
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9
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
EMMELINE
PANKHURST
Impact
In 1918 the Representation of the People Act was passed.
This achieved Pankhurst’s aim of voting rights for women,
however, only women over 30 who could vote. It was not until
1928 that women were allowed to vote at the same age as men:
21. In 1969 the voting age was reduced to 18 for both men and
women. Emmeline Pankhurst, and others like her, helped ensure
that women of today are treated as equals with men in the eyes of
the law. However, in some circumstances women are still not equal
to men; the campaign for an equal pay law in Britain continues as
some women are still paid less for doing the same job as a man.
Planning & resources
5
Leadership
6
Communication
5
Global significance
7
Impact
3
BRIAN HAW
Research
Brian Haw appears well informed on current issues as he
convincingly argues his cause. He gains his information from
news articles in the media and members of the public who visit
him. Many, many people visit Haw in Parliament Square from all over
the world. Often they tell him their stories, concerns or bring him
placards with messages of peace to add to his display. Initially his
protest was small but the amount of support he has received means his
protest rapidly grew is size and reputation.
PLANNING &
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5
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5
Planning & resources
5
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6
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3
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
RESEARCH
CAMPAIGNERS
BRIAN HAW
Planning & Resources
Brian Haw began his protest in Parliament Square in June 2001.
He was initially campaigning against the economic sanctions on
Iraq and the bombing of the country by the US and UK. He had
only a few signs bearing the names of young children who he said had
died as a result of these economic sanctions. After 11 September 2001,
he began to campaign for peace in the 'war on terror'. He believes he is
protesting for the innocent people who suffer and die in other countries
because of this ‘war on terror’. Haw attempts to maintain a good
relationship with the police force and several senior officers have
actively supported his claims for the right to protest. However, Brian has
been arrested a number of times and has had his display of banners
dismantled. Haw often has supporters who join his protest in Parliament
Square, for example the Global Women's Strike. Many people from all
over the world have visited him and given him campaign banners. His
website is run by supporters of his campaign.
Planning & resources
5
Leadership
6
Communication
5
Global significance
7
Impact
3
BRIAN HAW
Leadership
Brian Haw was born in 1953 in Woodford, Essex and previously
worked in the merchant navy. He has seven children and a wife
who live in Worcestershire. He rarely gets to see his children. Brian
is a one-man protestor although he is often joined by other protestors
supporting his or other causes. He is motivated by the belief that he has
to try to make a difference for the sake of the children who die in Iraq
and other places which are attacked because of the ‘war on terror’. In
his own words: ‘I want to go back to my own kids and look them in the
face again knowing that I've done all I can to try and save the children
of Iraq and other countries who are dying because of my government's
unjust, amoral, fear - and money - driven policies. These children and
people of other countries are every bit as valuable and worthy of love
as my precious wife and children’. Haw’s motivation is his desire to be a
‘global citizen’. Haw has lived in Parliament Square since 2 June 2001
and many times he has said he will stay there 'as long as it takes’. Brian
has been attacked on several occasions and has had his nose broken
3 times. His displays have also been attacked by individuals and
dismantled by the police.
COMMUNICATION
5
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5
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5
Leadership
6
Communication
5
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7
Impact
3
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
BRIAN HAW
Communication
Haw communicates his campaign by having a display of
campaign banners, newspaper clippings and slogans in
Parliament Square, London. He stays in the same area day and
night, only sleeping a few hours a night under a tarpaulin and washing
in a bucket. Haw attempts to talk to passers-by about his cause and
uses a megaphone to spread his message. Haw has many slogans but
the one which he uses most is ‘Stop Killing Our Kids’. His key message
is that the UK and US should stop attacking foreign countries because
innocent children are being killed. The media has been very interested
in Haw’s campaign and he has been on television, radio, the web and
in newspapers all over the world many times. He has taken part in
many documentaries, news reports and interviews. These have led to
people visiting him from all over the world and bringing their own
banners campaigning for peace. Many of Haw’s banners are
controversial and his campaigns have caused the UK government
embarrassment. He has had many court appearances but in October
2002 he won a case in the High Court which allowed Haw to continue
his protest because he was exercising his right to freedom of speech. In
May 2006 Haw’s display was demolished by police but later returned. In
January 2007 the artist Mark Wallinger created a replica of Brian’s
display as it was before it was dismantled by police in Tate Britain
entitled: ‘State Britain’.
Planning & resources
5
Leadership
6
Communication
5
Global significance
7
Impact
3
BRIAN HAW
Global Significance
Haw initially begin campaigning against the economic sanctions
on Iraq and the bombing of the country by the US and UK but as
the political situation developed, Haw’s campaign also developed
into a wider campaign for peace in the 'war on terror'. Brian Haw
has achieved significant attention from around the world because of the
media. In 2005 he was short listed for the Human Rights Award 2005
'for outstanding commitment to justice by maintaining constant vigil
outside parliament demanding respect for the human rights of those in
other countries. For tireless and passionate defence of freedom of
speech'. Although he didn’t win this award, his nomination and that he
has inspired people from all over the world to visit him and bring their
own messages clearly shows that his campaign has made an impact
outside of the UK.
IMPACT
5
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
5
Planning & resources
5
Leadership
6
Communication
5
Global significance
7
Impact
3
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
BRIAN HAW
Impact
As well as being nominated for the Human Rights Award 2005,
Haw was voted Channel 4’s Most Inspiring Political Figure 2007.
Haw holds the record for the longest one-man protest in British history. In
2002 Haw won in the High Court the right to continue his protest. The
judge ruled that he was exercising his right to freedom of speech and
the pavement obstruction was not unreasonable. The Serious
Organised Crime and Police Act (SOCPA) was passed in 2005. This
law allowed the police to set strict time limits on activists within a halfmile exclusion zone around the Houses of Parliament and allowed them
to ban placards and loudhailers. However, High Court appeal found that
Haw’s protest was not covered by the legislation because his protest
began before the law was passed and the law could not be applied
retrospectively. Haw’s 24/7 vigil has inspired people all over the world
but has been unsuccessful in lobbying the UK or US governments to
change their policies on the ‘war on terror’.
Planning & resources
6
Leadership
7
Communication
6
Global significance
4
Impact
3
LILLIAN
BILOCCA
Research
Bilocca had first hand experience of the hazards of shipping
as her husband and son were both fishermen. She believed
people who worked in the fishing industry were treated as if
they were second class citizens. At the time it was compulsory
for ships to have radio operators on board however, if the skipper
of the ship had a radio operator’s licence they didn’t have to carry
a radio operator. This was not practical because if the ship was in
distress the skipper needed to be in control of the ship and not
radioing for help. In 1968 three ships from Hull were lost were very
close together. The St Romanus was lost because of bad weather
and help was delayed because the radio plan failed. Consequently,
there was a delay in the hunt for the ship. The Ross Cleveland hit
hurricane ice seas which were too much for ship. The Kingston
Peridot lost all 20 hands when she lost stability and capsized in
bad weather conditions. Bilocca learnt all this first hand from her
neighbours and saw many of them lose husbands and sons.
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9
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C AT E G O R I E S
RESEARCH
CAMPAIGNERS
LILLIAN
BILOCCA
Planning & Resources
Bilocca wrote a ‘What I want List’. This included a radio
operator on all trawlers, hospital ship on and around fishing
grounds, lifebelts to be fitted on bunks and training for 15 year
olds who went straight onto the ships. She wanted these to be
enforced by the law and pressure put on ship owners. She
received a lot of support of the families of Hessle road, particularly
other local fisherman’s wives, and other fishing communities such
as Fleetwood, Grimsby and Aberdeen. She founded the
Trawlermen’s Wives Protest Committee in order to lobby support.
Planning & resources
6
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7
Communication
6
Global significance
4
Impact
3
LILLIAN
BILOCCA
Leadership
Bilocca was born in Wassand Street, Hessle Road, Hull and
had always been a member of Hessle Road’s fishing
community as her father, husband and son all worked at sea.
It was the triple trawler tragedy of 1968, in which 53 men were lost
that motivated, Bilocca to do something about the poor safety
regulations at sea. It was personal experience which inspired her to
take on this campaign. Initially her involvement was spontaneous
due to the outrage she felt but there was a general feel in the
community that something needed to be done for the people of the
fishing industry and Bilocca took on the cause. Bilocca was not
frightened to speak out and didn’t care what people thought about
her. She was capable of standing up and holding her own against
most people. She had opposition but she continued and didn’t let it
hinder her. The thing that really motivated Bilocca was the injustice
towards the people in the fishing industry and the fact that her own
family was involved in that type of work.
COMMUNICATION
9
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
9
Planning & resources
6
Leadership
7
Communication
6
Global significance
4
Impact
3
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
LILLIAN
BILOCCA
Communication
Bilocca campaigned for the rights and the safety of the
people involved in the fishing industry. Her key aim, in her
own words, was: “I just wanted the trawler owners to take
notice. They say they care – but do they?” Bilocca attended
meetings and rallies and organised demonstrations and marches.
She spoke out on the radio, television, and in the press. She
confronted the trawler owners and the police at the docks. Bilocca
travelled around the country to highlight the problem and increase
awareness of it outside the Hull area. She met with the current
Prime Minister in London and lobbied Parliament.
Planning & resources
6
Leadership
7
Communication
6
Global significance
4
Impact
3
LILLIAN
BILOCCA
Global Significance
Bilocca campaigned to have regulations put in place for the
sake of the people of Hull however, she did travel to other
fishing communities around the country including Fleetwood,
Grimsby and Aberdeen. Thus, she saw that it was not just people
in Hull’s fishing community who were affected by lack of safety
regulations but saw it as a national issue.
IMPACT
9
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
9
Planning & resources
6
Leadership
7
Communication
6
Global significance
4
Impact
3
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
LILLIAN
BILOCCA
Impact
Bilocca’s campaign achieved laws which made carrying a
dedicated radio operator a legal requirement. Also, it became
compulsory to have a mother ship to shadow the fleet on the on
the fishing ground. However, she did not achieve her aim of
making having certain lifesaving equipment onboard a legal
requirement.
Planning & resources
10
Leadership
0
Communication
9
Global significance
Impact
10
5
ANTI-SLAVERY
INTERNATIONAL
Research
Anti-Slavery International works with partner organisations in
the UK and around the world to collect information on debt
bondage, forced labour, forced marriage, child labour, human
trafficking and traditional slavery. Anti-Slavery International also
has a reference library and archive which contains books, reports,
journals, photographs, lantern slides, microfilm, videos and press
cuttings that date from the early days of the abolitionist movement
through to the present.
PLANNING &
RESOURCES
10
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
10
Planning & resources
10
Leadership
0
Communication
9
Global significance
Impact
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
RESEARCH
CAMPAIGNERS
5
ANTI-SLAVERY
INTERNATIONAL
Planning & Resources
Anti-Slavery International is the only charity in the United
Kingdom to work exclusively against slavery and related abuses.
The organisation campaigns at local, national and international
levels. Anti-Slavery International has four key teams who each
focus on different aspects of the campaign: the programme team
research and publicise the campaign; the fundraising team attempt
to raise funds from the general public, charitable trusts,
foundations, governments and the European Union to finance their
work; the communications team; and the finance and
administration team who manage the business side of the
organisation. Along with working with partner organisations around
the world Anti-Slavery International works with institutions in the UK
to research and campaign against slavery, including the University
of Hull. Action briefings are regularly produced to give the
organisation direction and Anti-Slavery International has five key
aims:
• To urge governments of countries with slavery to develop and
implement measures to end it;
• To lobby governments and intergovernmental agencies to make
slavery a priority issue;
• To support research to assess the scale of slavery in order to
identify measures to end it;
• To work with local organisations to raise public awareness of
slavery;
• To educate the public about the realities of slavery and
campaigning for its end.
Planning & resources
10
Leadership
0
Communication
9
Global significance
Impact
10
5
ANTI-SLAVERY
INTERNATIONAL
Leadership
The Anti-Slavery International campaign is run as an
organisation and is not driven by an individual campaigner.
The charity does have both a Chair and a Director but they provide
the leadership required for an organisation, not a campaign. They
do not, nor do they aim to, inspire others to follow and support their
campaign personally but they aim to guide the campaign to
achieve this support. These leaders are not prominent within the
campaign and use other tactics rather that speeches and
‘celebrity’.
COMMUNICATION
10
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
10
Planning & resources
10
Leadership
0
Communication
9
Global significance
Impact
10
5
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
ANTI-SLAVERY
INTERNATIONAL
Communication
Anti-Slavery International aims to help to bring an end to
slavery around the world. The organisation used many
methods to communicate its message including posters,
leaflets and a quarterly magazine and a recognisable logo.
Anti-Slavery International has a dedicated communication team
who promote the campaign. One of the organisations main aims is
to raise awareness and educate people about the existence of
slavery; this is done through producing educational materials.
Some of these are free on the website, others have to be
purchased. Anti-Slavery International has several websites to
promote awareness and understanding of slavery.
www.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence and
www.recoveredhistories.org provide information about the history of
slavery, focusing on the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Anti-Slavery’s
main website www.antislavery.org provides information about the
organisation, its campaigns and how to help. Anti-Slavery
International run campaigns to raise awareness of the issue such
as ‘Fight for Freedom 1807-2007’. The websites encourage the
general public to send letters and emails to their MPs, the Prime
Minister and other officials around the world to campaign against
slavery. Anti-Slavery International also lobbies national
governments, the United Nations and the European Union to adopt
policies which will help to bring about the end of all forms of
slavery.
Planning & resources
10
Leadership
0
Communication
9
Global significance
Impact
10
5
ANTI-SLAVERY
INTERNATIONAL
Global Significance
Anti-Slavery International works throughout the world with
people and organisations at a local level. They aim to work
wherever slavery is found. This particularly includes countries in
Africa, South Asia, East Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Gulf.
As Anti-Slavery International grew from the eighteenth century
abolitionist society the campaign has grown from campaigning for a
specific outcome to a much wider concept.
IMPACT
10
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
10
Planning & resources
10
Leadership
0
Communication
9
Global significance
Impact
10
5
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
ANTI-SLAVERY
INTERNATIONAL
Impact
Anti-Slavery International claims it roots stretch back to the
first abolitionist society which was formed in 1787. The
society has changed in many ways since then but its goal
remains the same: to raise awareness of slavery and
campaign for its abolition. The organisation was involved in
many successful campaigns, including making slavery illegal in
Nepal in 2002 and a campaign to raise awareness of human
trafficking in 2001 which led to increased action against the
trafficking. The charity still continues its work. It was prominent in
the commemorations of the bicentenary of the abolition of the slave
trade in Britain in 2007 in highlighting that slavery does still exist
and rallying support against it.
10
7
Leadership
9
Communication
8
Global significance
10
Impact
10
MAHATMA
GANDHI
Research
Gandhi first began campaigning for equal rights for all races
when he lived in South Africa. It was on a business trip to the
country that he experienced first hand racial intolerance from
white South Africans, furthermore, he heard of plans to
introduce a bill to disfranchise Indians in South Africa. His
experiences motivated him to fight against social injustice.
British rule had already been established in India when Gandhi was
born in 1869 so he had first hand experience of living in the British
governed India. When visiting India in 1901 Gandhi embarked upon
a tour of India. He travelled third class so he could see for himself
the habits and difficulties of the poor. When he moved back to India
in 1915 Gandhi spent a year travelling and studying the country;
meeting people and listening to their stories and hardships. Gandhi
continually travelled India during his campaign and met many
Indians.
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
10
Planning & resources
7
Leadership
9
Communication
8
Global significance
10
Impact
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Planning & resources
PLANNING &
RESOURCES
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
RESEARCH
CAMPAIGNERS
MAHATMA
GANDHI
Planning & Resources
Gandhi first organised campaigns against social injustice in
South Africa; he first made contacts and organised a meeting of
the Indian community in Pretoria where many Muslim
merchants lived. He gave his first public speech which called upon
them to work together regardless of religion to campaign for equal
civil rights. Gandhi suggested the formation of an association to look
after Indian settlers and he offered time and services free of charge.
In India Gandhi similarly received mass support from the general
public. Many Indians renounced their titles and honours, lawyers gave
up their practice, students left colleges and schools, and thousand of
the city-bred went into the villages to spread the message of nonviolent non-cooperation with the government. One of Gandhi’s long
term supporters was Mahadev Desai, his secretary and companion,
until he died in 1942.
10
7
Leadership
9
Communication
8
Global significance
10
Impact
10
MAHATMA
GANDHI
Leadership
Gandhi was born in 1869 in India to a middle class family. He was
greatly influenced by his devout mother and from an early age he
learnt not to injure other living beings, vegetarianism, fasting for selfpurification and mutual tolerance between members of various
creeds and sects. At school he was an average student and was very shy
and timid. At the age of 13 Gandhi was married by his parents'
arrangements and his marriage bore four sons. At the age of 18, Gandhi
went to University College London to train as a barrister. Whilst at university
in Britain Gandhi was elected to executive committee of his university’s
Vegetarian Society. In later life he said this gave him valuable experience in
organising institutions. As a young lawyer, in 1893, Gandhi moved to South
Africa where Black and Asian people were looked down upon and ridiculed.
He lived there for 20 years and joined in the campaign for basic rights for
Indian settlers. When Gandhi returned to India in 1915 he had no
possessions and only one ambition - to serve his people. It was the Rowlatt
Bill, which was passed in 1919, which motivated Gandhi to campaign for
British withdrawal from India. The bill, also known as the Black Act, gave the
government extraordinary powers to silence the press, detain political
activists without trial and arrest any individuals suspected of sedition or
treason without a warrant. Gandhi was arrested and imprisoned many
times for his involvement in the civil rights campaigns both in South Africa
and India but he persevered regardless. Gandhi became a martyr for his
cause when he was assassinated in 1948 in New Delhi. Gandhi had a
number of influences which motivated him to act in the way he did. He was
primarily influenced by Hinduism, but also by elements of Jainism and
Christianity. He was also influenced by the writings of Tolstoy and Thoreau
in the development of his satyagraha ('devotion to truth') theory, a new nonviolent way to redress wrongs.
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
10
Planning & resources
7
Leadership
9
Communication
8
Global significance
10
Impact
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Planning & resources
COMMUNICATION
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
MAHATMA
GANDHI
Communication
Gandhi campaigned for the improvement of conditions for
those living in poverty, for the liberation of women, for
cooperation between differing religions and ethnicities and for
the economic self-sufficiency of the nation, but his main aim
was the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhi
strongly advocated using non-violent methods (which became known
as satyagraha) to campaign for their cause. He encouraged peaceful
mass civil disobedience. Gandhi publicised his campaigns in
newspapers and lobbied distinguished public men. He also published
pamphlets, wrote many articles and travelled around the country
giving speeches. He became leader of the Indian National Congress
and in this position he organised protests and marches. Gandhi and
his followers educated the peasants in the principles of satyagraha.
Volunteers also helped to instruct the illiterate and ignorant peasants
in basic hygiene and ran schools for their children. Gandhi’s approach
to all social and political problems was an equal emphasis on
obligations as on rights; as he taught people to fight for their rights,
he taught them to fulfil their obligations. In response to the 1919
Rowlatt Bill, a national protest was organised in which shops and
places of business closed. This was observed all over India, by
Hindus and Muslims alike. After 1930 Indians were called upon to
boycotts British goods and institutions and the mass Quit India
Movement was launched to end British rule in India. In 1948 Gandhi
was shot by a Hindu radical who believed Gandhi was responsible for
weakening India by insisting upon a payment to Pakistan.
CAMPAIGNERS
10
7
Leadership
9
Communication
8
Global significance
10
Impact
10
MAHATMA
GANDHI
Global Significance
Gandhi campaigned for India’s independence from Britain, an
issue of global significance. He gained support from all over
India and travelled to Britain and other countries including
Switzerland to lobby support for independence. Within this
campaign were many localised issues but these became part of a
wider concept.
10
Planning & resources
7
Leadership
9
Communication
8
Global significance
10
Impact
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Planning & resources
Research
IMPACT
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
MAHATMA
GANDHI
Impact
In South Africa Gandhi was successful as in 1914 the South
African government conceded to many of Gandhi's demands.
Gandhi’s campaign in India was also successful and independence
was officially declared in 1947. The result of independence was the
formation of the two new independent states: India and Pakistan
which were divided along religious lines. Gandhi was opposed to
partition but did not prevail in preventing it. This division has led to
mass migration from the country and many years of conflict.
However, his campaign gave India the freedom to be ruled by her
own people and not foreign officials. His martyrdom helped to
establish the secular and democratic character of the Indian State
today. Gandhi’s moral influence and technique of non-violence
have inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the
world, including Martin Luther King and his personality and
perseverance continue to inspire people today. Gandhi is honoured
as the Father of the Nation of India and his birthday (2 October) is
a national holiday. In 2007, the United Nations declared his
birthday to be an ‘International Day of Non-Violence’.
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
DIANA,PRINCESS
OF WALES
Research
Diana, Princess of Wales, visited Angola in 1997. Angola was
one of the worst places for landmines. The war had ended, but
thousands of innocent people continued to be killed and maimed
because of landmines. Diana visited the country as a VIP Volunteer
with the International Red Cross. During her visit she visited
landmine survivors, toured de-mining projects and attended mine
awareness education classes about the dangers of mines
immediately surrounding homes and villages. In August 1997 Diana
visited Bosnia with the Landmine Survivors Network. Here she
focused on visiting the victims of landmines.
PLANNING &
RESOURCES
6
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
6
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
RESEARCH
CAMPAIGNERS
10
DIANA,PRINCESS
OF WALES
Planning & Resources
Diana’s aim was to highlight the problems which landmines
cause long after a conflict has ended. She wanted to warn the
world of the dangers of these weapons and called for an
international ban on landmines. Diana was very popular and
highly photographed at the time. Wherever she went she was
followed by many photographers. She used her popularity to
highlight the cause as when she visited victims and landmine sites
she was guaranteed coverage of the issue on television, radio and
in newspapers around the world.
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
DIANA,PRINCESS
OF WALES
Leadership
Diana worked as more of a figurehead for the campaign
against landmines than as a leader. She used her position as a
‘celebrity’ to draw attention to the cause. Diana was well known
for her kindness and generosity to those less fortunate. After her
divorce from Prince Charles, heir to the British throne, in 1996 Diana
became more active in her humanitarian work around the work,
particularly with the International Red Cross. It was the Red Cross
who introduced Diana to the plight of landmine explosion victims.
COMMUNICATION
6
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
6
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
LEADERSHIP
CAMPAIGNERS
DIANA,PRINCESS
OF WALES
Communication
Diana’s key message was to highlight that the use of
landmines killed and maimed innocent civilians, particularly
children, after war has ended. Diana successfully used her
popularity and high international profile to create mass international
media coverage of her visits to Angola and Bosnia. Her campaign
did not have a slogan or a logo but the image of Diana walking
through the minefield has become an iconic one which many
people remember. Other photographs and film footage of Diana
visiting victims of landmine explosions were also powerful images
which helped to highlight the cause and gain support against the
use of landmines. Pictures were shown worldwide. Diana
personally spoke out about the use of landmines and publicly
called for an international ban on landmines to prevent more areas
becoming littered with unexploded landmines and creating more
innocent victims.
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
DIANA,PRINCESS
OF WALES
Global Significance
Diana’s campaign affected countries in different parts of the
world from the outset and by campaigning for an international
ban on landmines she clearly had a global view on the issue.
Her campaign maintained its specific outcome throughout her short
campaign, however, Diana died on 31 August 1997 only eight
months after joining this campaign.
IMPACT
6
CAMPAIGNERS
Research
6
Planning & resources
9
Leadership
Communication
Global significance
Impact
9
10
9
10
C AT E G O R I E S
Research
C AT E G O R I E S
GLOBAL
SIGNIFICANCE
CAMPAIGNERS
DIANA,PRINCESS
OF WALES
Impact
The campaign was initially very successful in achieving its
aim. In December 1997 the Ottawa Mine Ban Treaty was signed
by 122 nations. Even some nations which did not sign this
treaty act as if they had, for example the United States is now
one of the biggest funders of action against landmines.
Furthermore, 2,155,000,000 sq m of land has been de-mined
since 1999. This campaign has many legacies; one of the most
profound legacies has been the stigmatisation of landmines. The
memorial charity set up after Diana’s death is helping to press for
a ban on landmines’ successors: cluster bombs. Diana’s youngest
son, Harry, has vowed to continue his mother’s work. However,
some countries did not sign the treaty and still use landmines today.
Furthermore, there is a new danger to innocent people in warring
countries which is just as deadly as a landmine: the cluster bomb.