1.2
§ Show shape, size, and position of
features
§ Globe: a sphere that represents
earth’s entire surface
§ Map: a flat model of all or part of
earth’s surface as seen from above
§ Key statement:
§ Maps/globes are drawn to scale
§ Use symbols to represent
features
§ Curved surface on a flat map =
map projections
§ Map Projection: a framework of
lines that helps to transfer points on
earth’s 3D surface onto a flat map
§ Features might have somewhat diff
sizes/shapes
§ Mercator projection – one type of
projection
§ Size/shape of landmasses = more
distorted toward the poles
§ Symbols: shapes/pics that stand for
features on earth’s surface
§ Key(legend): list of of symbols w/
and explanation of their meanings
§ Examples of physical features: river,
lake, mountain, plain
§ Examples of man made features:
highway, city, airport
§ Also include a compass rose.
§ North is typically at the top
§ Scale: relates distance on a
map to distance on earth’s
suface
§ Given as a ratio
§ 1 unit on a map could equal
2,500 units on earth’s surface
§ Look at pg 12 pictures
§ Checkers = grid
§ Same with earth’s surface – curved
§ Equator (horizontal)
§ Prime Meridian (horizontal)
§ Distances on earth are measured
in degrees from the equator and
prime meridian
§ Math – degrees in a circle
§ Degree: 1/360 of the distance
around a circle
§ Drawn from center of earth to a
certain point (graph)
§ Degrees are divided up into smaller
units called mins/secs
§ 60 mins in a degree
§ 60 secs in a min
§ Equator: an imaginary line that
circles earth halfway between the
poles (horizontal)
§ Hemisphere: one half of the sphere
that makes up earth’s surface
§ Northern, Southern - equator
§ Start at equator and travel to either
pole = 90 degrees (quadrants 1/4)
§ Prime Meridian: imaginary line that
makes a half circle from the NP to the
SP (vertical)
§ Passes through Greenwich, England
§ Eastern, Western – prime meridian
§ Start at Equator/Prime Meridian
§ 180 degrees = opposite side of
earth
§ 360 degrees = back at the same
place
§ Equator = 0 degrees
§ North Pole = 90 degrees N
§ South Pole = 90 degrees S
§ Latitude and longitude = equator and
prime meridian
§ The lines of latitude and longitude form
a grid that can be used to find locations
anywhere on earth.
§ Latitude: distance in degrees north or
south of the equator (flat)
§ Each degree = about 111
kilometers
§ Longitude: distance in degrees east
or west of the prime meridian
(vertical)
§ Prime meridian = 0 degrees
§ 0 to 180 degrees in each
hemisphere(E and W) = total of 360
degrees
§ Apply it on pg 16